Emily J. Sturdivant
Erika E. Lentz
E. Robert Thieler
David P. Remsen
Simon Miner
2017
High-resolution orthomosaic image (natural color) of Black Beach, Falmouth, Massachusetts on 18 March 2016 (32-bit GeoTIFF)
1.0
raster digital data
data release
DOI:10.5066/F7KW5F04
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
The first link is to the publication landing page. The second link is to the page containing the data.
https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KW5F04
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/59b00efbe4b020cdf7d4db60
Emily J. Sturdivant
E. Robert Thieler
Erika E. Lentz
David P. Remsen
Simon Miner
2017
Topographic, imagery, and raw data associated with unmanned aerial systems (UAS) flights over Black Beach, Falmouth, Massachusetts on 18 March 2016
1.0
data release
DOI:10.5066/F7KW5F04
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
Suggested citation: Sturdivant, E.J., Thieler, E.R., Lentz, E.E., Remsen, D.P., and Miner, Simon, 2017, Topographic, imagery, and raw data associated with unmanned aerial systems (UAS) flights over Black Beach, Falmouth, Massachusetts on 18 March 2016: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KW5F04.
https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KW5F04
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/59a05400e4b038630d030442
Imagery acquired with unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and coupled with structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry can produce high-resolution topographic and visual reflectance datasets that rival or exceed lidar and orthoimagery. These new techniques are particularly useful for data collection of coastal systems, which requires high temporal and spatial resolution datasets. The U.S. Geological Survey worked in collaboration with members of the Marine Biological Laboratory and Woods Hole Analytics at Black Beach, in Falmouth, Massachusetts to explore scientific research demands on UAS technology for topographic and habitat mapping applications. This project explored the application of consumer-grade UAS platforms as a cost-effective alternative to lidar and aerial/satellite imagery to support coastal studies requiring high-resolution elevation or remote sensing data. A small UAS was used to capture low-altitude photographs and GPS devices were used to survey reference points. These data were processed in an SfM workflow to create an elevation point cloud, an orthomosaic image, and a digital elevation model.
The orthomosaic image provides the optical surface reflectance of the land surface at a mid-day low-tide on 18 March, 2016. It was one of three products created to demonstrate the use of structure-from-motion for coastal research and to provide a means to test land cover classification from high-resolution imagery. An orthomosaic is distinct from an orthophoto mosaic in that it corrects for camera lens distortion and preserves distances. Thus, an orthomosaic simulates a photo in which every pixel in the scene was captured at nadir.
For more information regarding field activity 2016-010-FA, see https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2016-010-FA.
20160318
ground condition
None planned
-70.643977
-70.639736
41.587071
41.582607
USGS Metadata Identifier
USGS:59b00efbe4b020cdf7d4db60
None
U.S. Geological Survey
USGS
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
WHCMSC
Coastal and Marine Geology Program
CMGP
Gridded Data
aerial images
unmanned aerial system
UAS
drone
field activity number 2016-010-FA
Airborne imagery
Airborne high resolution data
Digital aerial imagery
Three band image mosaic
GeoTIFF
DJI Phantom 3
Orthoimagery
Natural color
ISO 19115 Topic Category
oceans
geoscientificInformation
imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
inlandWaters
USGS Thesaurus
aerial photography
geospatial datasets
None
Atlantic Ocean
Cape Cod
Massachusetts
Black Beach
Great Sippewissett Inlet
Great Sippewissett Marsh
Buzzards Bay
Falmouth
none
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.
Emily J. Sturdivant
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
Massachusetts
USA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2230
508-457-2310
esturdivant@usgs.gov
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/59b00efbe4b020cdf7d4db60/?name=bb20160318_sfm_orthomosaic_browse.png
Natural color image generated from photogrammetry and low-altitude aerial images obtained with unmanned aerial systems (UAS) flights over Black Beach, Falmouth, Massachusetts on 18 March 2016.
PNG
Acknowledgment of the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data.
Agisoft
2015
Agisoft Photoscan User Manual: Professional Edition
manual
Version 1.2
http://www.agisoft.com/pdf/photoscan-pro_1_2_en.pdf
The point cloud used to construct this dataset was checked for accuracy by rotating the point cloud to view from multiple angles. Points obviously offset above or beneath the surface were eliminated prior to constructing the orthomosaic image.
All 250 images were used to create the orthomosaic. It was constructed from the dense point cloud after manually eliminating any points that visually appeared isolated from the landscape surface.
Horizontal accuracy of the orthomosaic was not assessed. The error of the source point cloud was estimated as the quadrature sum of error terms estimated during SfM processing based on GCP error and camera parameters. We estimate 0.057 m of uncertainty in horizontal positions of points in the dense point cloud.
A DJI Phantom 3 Professional quadcopter collected 250 photographs using a Sony EXMOR 1/2.3" sensor. The quadcopter flew at 35 m over Black Beach and the inlet to Great Sippewissett Marsh, Falmouth, Massachusetts at low tide between 1100 and 1130 local time (EDT). Images were collected along with surveyed ground control points to be processed with SfM algorithms to calculate topography of the coastal area (see larger work). Data collection included the RTK GNSS survey, of 18 ground control points and 254 reference points, which were used to assess the accuracy of the elevation model.
20160318
U. S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Emily J. Sturdivant
Geographer
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
Massachusetts
02543
U.S.A.
508-548-8700 x2230
508-457-2310
esturdivant@usgs.gov
The following process was used to generate the orthomosaic image from an elevation point cloud from low-altitude aerial imagery from UAS flights over Black Beach, Falmouth, Massachusetts on 18 March 2017 (see larger work). The 18 March survey included the collection of 254 reference points with RTK GPS, which were used to assess the accuracy of the elevation model. The processing was performed using Agisoft Photoscan Professional v. 1.2.6 build 2834 (64 bit) software. The computer was a Mac Pro running OS X 10.11.6 with 8-Core Intel Xeon E5 CPUs running at 3 GHz with 128 GB RAM.
To create the orthomosaic, PhotoScan first converts the topographic points to a 3-D mesh surface and then projects the orthomosaic over the mesh at the resolution of the original photos. In PhotoScan’s mosaic blending mode, pixels are weighted based on their distance from the center of the photo; pixels nearest to the center of a photo are more influential to the RGB values of the corresponding pixel in the output image (Agisoft 2015). An orthomosaic is distinct from an orthophoto mosaic in that it corrects for camera lens distortion and preserves distances. Thus, an orthomosaic simulates a photo in which every pixel in the scene was captured at nadir (https://support.pix4d.com/hc/en-us/articles/202558869-Photo-Stitching-vs-Orthomosaic-Generation#gsc.tab=0; http://www.germap.com/en/uav_services/orthoimage.html).
20160330
U. S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Emily J. Sturdivant
Geographer
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
Massachusetts
02543
U.S.A.
508-548-8700 x2230
508-457-2310
esturdivant@usgs.gov
Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.
20200807
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
Black Beach and portions of Great Sippewissett Marsh, Falmouth, MA.
Raster
pixel
19749
13902
Universal Transverse Mercator
0.999600
-69.00000
0.000
500000.0000
0.0000
coordinate pair
0.025
0.025
meters
North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83)
Geodetic Reference System 80
6378137.000000
298.257222
Pixels with a value of 0 in all bands are areas with missing data.
U.S. Geological Survey
Three-band raster imagery
Pixel based raster matrix with 3 layers of information for each pixel.
Other
Band_1
Red band. Red wavelength bracket (0.610-0.660 microns)
Agisoft Photoscan
0
232
Band_2
Green band. Green wavelength bracket (0.535-0.585 microns)
Agisoft Photoscan
0
241
Band_3
Blue band. Blue wavelength bracket (0.430-0.490 microns)
Agisoft Photoscan
0
248
Band_4
Blank.
Agisoft Photoscan
0
0
U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
mailing and physical address
Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
Denver
CO
80225
1-888-275-8747
sciencebase@usgs.gov
There is a single GeoTIFF file containing the 3-band orthomosaic. A browse graphic and the associated FGDC CSDGM metadata in XML format are also available for download.
Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, the USGS, the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole Analytics, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
GeoTIFF
ArcGIS 10.3
32-bit GeoTIFF
An 8-bit GeoTIFF with LZW compression, associated GeoTIFF components, a browse thumbnail .png image, and FGDC CSDGM metadata.
LZW compression.
872
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/59b00efbe4b020cdf7d4db60
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/59b00efbe4b020cdf7d4db60
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/59b00efbe4b020cdf7d4db60?facet=bb20160318_sfm_orthomosaic
https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KW5F04
The first link is to the page containing the data. The second is a direct link to download all contents of the data webpage, including the preview image, as a zipped file. The third link is a direct link to download a zipped file with the data and metadata. And the final link is to the publication landing page.
WCS
Black Beach 32-bit GeoTIFF orthomosaic image provided through a WCS (web coverage service).
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalogMaps/mapping/ows/59b00efbe4b020cdf7d4db60?service=wcs&request=getcapabilities&version=1.0.0
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/59b00efbe4b020cdf7d4db60
https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KW5F04
The first link in the network resources accesses the data through a coverage service. The second is to the page containing the data. And the final link is to the publication landing page.
WMS
Black Beach 32-bit GeoTIFF orthomosaic image provided through a WMS (web mapping service).
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalogMaps/mapping/ows/59b00efbe4b020cdf7d4db60?service=wms&request=getcapabilities&version=1.3.0
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/59b00efbe4b020cdf7d4db60
https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KW5F04
The first link in the network resources accesses the data through a mapping service. The second is to the page containing the data. And the final link is to the publication landing page.
none
20211119
U. S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Emily J. Sturdivant
Geographer
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
Massachusetts
02543
USA
508-548-8700 x2230
508-457-2310
whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the metadata contact is no longer with the USGS or the email is otherwise invalid.
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998