Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Joanna C. Carey Originator: Jianwu Tang Originator: Pamela H. Templer Originator: Kevin D. Kroeger Originator: Thomas W. Crowther Originator: Andrew Burton Originator: Jeffrey S. Dukes Originator: Bridget Emmett Originator: Serita Frey Originator: Mary Heskel Originator: Lifen Jiang Originator: Megan Machmuller Originator: Jacqueline E. Mohan Originator: Anne Marie Panetta Originator: Peter B. Reich Originator: Xin Wang Originator: Steven D. Allison Originator: Chrisopher Bamminger Originator: Scott D. Bridgham Originator: Scott L. Collins Originator: Giovanbattista de Dato Originator: William C. Eddy Originator: Brian J. Enquist Originator: Marc Estiarte Originator: John Harte Originator: Amanda Henderson Originator: Bart R. Johnson Originator: Klaus S. Larsen Originator: Yiqi Luo Originator: Sven Marhan Originator: Jerry Melillo Originator: Josep Peñuelas Originator: Laurel Pfeifer-Meister Originator: Christian Poll Originator: Edward B. Rastetter Originator: Andy Reinmann Originator: Lorien L. Reynolds Originator: Inger K. Schmidt Originator: Gaius R. Shaver Originator: Aaron L. Strong Originator: Vidya Suseela Originator: Albert Tietema Publication_Date: 2016 Title: Data compilation of soil respiration, moisture, and temperature measurements from global warming experiments from 1994-2014 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Spreadsheet (csv file) Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7MK6B1X Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Joanna C. Carey Originator: Jianwu Tang Originator: Pamela H. Templer Originator: Kevin D. Kroeger Originator: Thomas W. Crowther Originator: Andrew Burton Originator: Jeffrey S. Dukes Originator: Bridget Emmett Originator: Serita Frey Originator: Mary Heskel Originator: Lifen Jiang Originator: Megan Machmuller Originator: Jacqueline E. Mohan Originator: Anne Marie Panetta Originator: Peter B. Reich Originator: Xin Wang Originator: Steven D. Allison Originator: Chrisopher Bamminger Originator: Scott D. Bridgham Originator: Scott L. Collins Originator: Giovanbattista de Dato Originator: William C. Eddy Originator: Brian J. Enquist Originator: Marc Estiarte Originator: John Harte Originator: Amanda Henderson Originator: Bart R. Johnson Originator: Klaus S. Larsen Originator: Yiqi Luo Originator: Sven Marhan Originator: Jerry Melillo Originator: Josep Peñuelas Originator: Laurel Pfeifer-Meister Originator: Christian Poll Originator: Edward B. Rastetter Originator: Andy Reinmann Originator: Lorien L. Reynolds Originator: Inger K. Schmidt Originator: Gaius R. Shaver Originator: Aaron L. Strong Originator: Vidya Suseela Originator: Albert Tietema Publication_Date: 2016 Title: Temperature response of soil respiration largely unaltered with experimental warming Description: Abstract: This dataset is the largest global dataset to date of soil respiration, moisture, and temperature measurements, totaling >3800 observations representing 27 temperature manipulation studies, spanning nine biomes and nearly two decades of warming experiments. Data for this study were obtained from a combination of unpublished data and published literature values. We find that although warming increases soil respiration rates, there is limited evidence for a shifting respiration response with experimental warming. We also note a universal decline in the temperature sensitivity of respiration at soil temperatures >25°C. This dataset includes 3817 observations, from control (n=1812), first (i.e., lowest or sole) level warming (n=1812), second (higher) level warming (n=179, four studies), and third-level warming (n=14, one study). Experiment locations ranged from 33.5 to 68.4 degrees N latitude and the duration of warming at experiments ranged from <1 to 22 years (average 5.1 years). Depths of soil temperature (1-10 cm) and moisture measurements (5-30) ranged across studies, but were always consistent between warmed and control plots within a particular study. Each site was classified into a particular biome (grassland, northern shrubland (i.e., peatlands and heathlands), southern shrubland (i.e., Mediterranean or sub-tropical shrublands)), tundra, desert, meadow, temperate agriculture, temperate forest and boreal forest) by the associated principal investigator (PI). Purpose: The data included in this dataset were collected at 27 individual warming studies for the purpose of determining how future climatic warming will alter soil respiration rates, among other response variables not reported in this dataset. This dataset was generated with the purpose of synthesizing the results of these individual studies to better understand how soil respiration will respond to future climatic warming at the biome scale and at high temporal frequencies. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1994 Ending_Date: 2014 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Not planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -138.9 East_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.9 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 68.4 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.5 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:580a40cde4b0f497e7906426 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: soil respiration Theme_Keyword: soil moisture Theme_Keyword: soil temperature Theme_Keyword: experimental warming Theme_Keyword: instantaneous data Theme_Keyword: climate change Theme_Keyword: Boreal Forest Theme_Keyword: Desert Theme_Keyword: Meadow Theme_Keyword: Northern Shrubland Theme_Keyword: Southern Shrubland Theme_Keyword: Temperate Agriculture Theme_Keyword: Temperate Forest Theme_Keyword: Temperate Grassland Theme_Keyword: Wet Sedge Tundra Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: soil sciences Theme_Keyword: Ecology Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: The authors of these data require that data users contact them regarding intended use and to assist with understanding limitations and interpretation. The authors of these data require data users seek explicit permission before publishing new analysis and results from these data prior to 2050. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Joanna Carey Contact_Organization: The Ecosystems Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 7 MBL St City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 315.521.0562 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 02543 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jcarey@mbl.edu Data_Set_Credit: USGS John Wesley Powell Center Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Larry V. Hedges Originator: Jessica Gurevitch Originator: Peter S. Curtis Publication_Date: 1999 Title: The meta-analysis of response ratios in experimental ecology Series_Information: Series_Name: Ecology Issue_Identification: Vol. 80, No. 4, pp. 1150-1156 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Hoboken, NJ Publisher: Wiley Online_Linkage: http://www.jstor.org/stable/177062 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Spot-checking data, analysis of model residuals, sending data to another team member to re-do analysis and double check results. Logical_Consistency_Report: No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted Completeness_Report: We did not include respiration data if corresponding soil moisture or soil temperature data was not available. Our analysis includes only warming treatment, not combined with other types of treatment (i.e. no measurements from warmed+nitrogen addition, or warmed+drought are included). All years of data are represented. At a few sites, certain soil attributes were not available (i.e. NA). Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. Each site ID represents a specific field site. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: A literature search, which was conducted on September 22, 2014 using Web of Science, produced five publications presenting non-aggregated instantaneous data that were extractable. Unpublished values make up the majority of the data in the dataset. We obtained unpublished data by first creating a list of all known experimental warming studies globally and asking the principal investigators to supply soil respiration data with corresponding soil temperature and moisture values. All individual fluxes were calculated by individual PIs. The experiments generally had several replicate plots for each treatment. We averaged all plot-scale values for each sampling event to obtain one average (± SD) for each treatment for each sampling event (‘sampling events’ typically refer to a single day of sampling, although several studies complete full suites of sampling (i.e., ‘sampling events’) from all plots in both morning and afternoon). Only soil respiration values with corresponding soil moisture and soil temperature values from experimental warming studies were included in our analysis. Only observations from single-factor treatments (i.e., warming) were used, excluding values that combined warming with other treatments (e.g., precipitation or nitrogen manipulation). Four studies included more than one level of warming treatment (e.g., both 1.5 and 3 degrees Celsius warming treatments); in these cases, data from all levels of warming were used. All data were reported as instantaneous change in CO2 efflux over a fixed area, with belowground (i.e., roots and rhizomes), but not aboveground vegetation, included. Only biomes with at least 100 data points are analyzed individually, which prevented Meadow and Tundra from being analyzed in isolation, as these did not have at least 100 data points each. Therefore they are found in the dataset but not in the publication, Carey et al. 2016. The following are the published sources of data: Reynolds LL, Johnson BR, Pfeifer-Meister L, Bridgham SD (2015) Soil respiration response to climate change in Pacific Northwest prairies is mediated by a regional Mediterranean climate gradient. Glob Chang Biol 21(1):487–500. Lellei-Kovács E, et al. (2008) Experimental warming does not enhance soil respiration in a semiarid temperate forest-steppe ecosystem. Community Ecol 9(1):29–37. de Dato GD, De Angelis P, Sirca C, Beier C (2009) Impact of drought and increasing temperatures on soil CO2 emissions in a Mediterranean shrubland (gariga). Plant Soil 327(1-2):153–166. Saleska SR, Harte J, Torn MS (1999) The effect of experimental ecosystem warming on CO2 fluxes in a montane meadow. Glob Chang Biol 5(2):125–141. Flanagan LB, Sharp EJ, Letts MG (2013) Response of plant biomass and soil respiration to experimental warming and precipitation manipulation in a Northern Great Plains grassland. Agric For Meteorol 173:40–52. Jarvi MP, Burton AJ (2013) Acclimation and soil moisture constrain sugar maple root respiration in experimentally warmed soil. Tree Physiol 33(9):949–959. Suseela V, Conant RT, Wallenstein MD, Dukes JS (2012) Effects of soil moisture on the temperature sensitivity of heterotrophic respiration vary seasonally in an old-field climate change experiment. Glob Chang Biol 18(1):336–348. Allison SD, Treseder KK (2008) Warming and drying suppress microbial activity and carbon cycling in boreal forest soils. Glob Chang Biol 14(12):2898–2909. Allison SD, McGuire KL, Treseder KK (2010) Resistance of microbial and soil properties to warming treatment seven years after boreal fire. Soil Biol Biochem 42(10):1872–1878. Poll C, Marhan S, Back F, Niklaus PA, Kandeler E (2013) Field-scale manipulation of soil temperature and precipitation change soil CO2 flux in a temperate agricultural ecosystem. Agric Ecosyst Environ 165:88–97. Johnson LC, et al. (2000) Plant carbon - nutrient interactions control CO2 exchange in Alaskan wet sedge tundra ecosystems. Ecology 81(2):453–469. Reinsch, S., Sowerby, A., Emmett, B.A. (2016) Fortnightly soil respiration data from Climoor fieldsite in Clocaenog Forest 1999 – 2015. DOI: 10.5285/[2]c0822023-0ec2-425f-8bf9-a546ce281ee0 Reinsch, S., Sowerby, A., Emmett, B.A. (2016) Daily plot level (micro meteorological) data at Climoor field site in Clocaenog Forest 1998-2015. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5285/afb994e5-b33d-48b4-ad29-d374b1f9f3c8 Process_Date: 2014 Process_Step: Process_Description: Meta-analysis using log response ratios, standardized mean difference. We used methods from Hedges et al. 1999. We used a log-quadratic temperature response function, as this was the best supported model for most biomes. ln(R)=y0 +y1T+y2T^2 where R is soil respiration (micro mol C m^-2 s-1) and T is soil temperature (Celsius). Using this basic model, we further included warming treatment as an interaction term in order to evaluate differences in the temperature response between warmed versus control plots. We used this model for all biomes, except the boreal forest and northern shrublands, where a log-linear model (ln(R) = y0 + y1T) was the better fit. We evaluated two specific features of the temperature response function: (i) the temperature sensitivity (i.e., the shape of the curve denoted by the first derivative of Eq. 1: (= d ln(R)/dT, Table 1) and (ii) the magnitude of the respiration response when T = 0. More information can be found in the methods section of the paper Carey et al. 2016. Process_Date: 2015 Process_Step: Process_Description: Standard methods for grain size analysis were used by individual PIs in the original studies. Process_Date: Unknown Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20200807 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Soil respiration synthesis data Entity_Type_Definition: This dataset is the largest global dataset to date of soil respiration, moisture, and temperature measurements, totaling >3800 observations representing 27 temperature manipulation studies. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: SiteID Attribute_Definition: Each Site ID is a specific site. The Site ID number was randomly generated. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 67 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Year Attribute_Definition: Year that sample was collected Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1994 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2014 Attribute: Attribute_Label: DOY Attribute_Definition: Day of year that sample was collected. Note that half a day represents noon and is represented by (.5). For example, 366.5 is noon on December 31st of a leap year. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.5 Range_Domain_Maximum: 366.5 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Season Attribute_Definition: Season of the year Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Growing Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Growing season - when plants are growing Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer Defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Non-Growing Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Non-growing season - when plants are not growing Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer Defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Shoulder Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shoulder season - takes into account months of transition and also annual variability Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer Defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: Treatment Attribute_Definition: Warming treatment Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: C Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: C for control Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer Defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: W Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: W for first or sole level warmed treatment Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer Defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: W1 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: W1 for second level warmed treatment Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer Defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: W2 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: W2 for third level warmed treatment Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer Defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: n_Replicates Attribute_Definition: Number of replicates (plot level) Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 2 Range_Domain_Maximum: 10 Attribute: Attribute_Label: R_avg_umol.m2.s Attribute_Definition: Instantaneous flux of soil respiration. Micro mol of carbon per square meter per second Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.01 Range_Domain_Maximum: 13.30 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: micro C moles m-2 s-1 (micro mol of carbon per square meter per second) Attribute: Attribute_Label: Resp_stdev Attribute_Definition: Standard deviation of instantaneous flux of soil respiration. Any NA values stand for data not available – these values occur when PIs did not measure this particular attribute. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 5.13 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: micro C moles m-2 s-1 (micro mol of carbon per square meter per second) Attribute: Attribute_Label: Moist_avg_cm3.cm.3 Attribute_Definition: Instantaneous value of soil moisture Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0011 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.8160 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: cm^3 cm-3 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Moist_stdev Attribute_Definition: Standard deviation of instantaneous soil moisture. Any NA values stand for data not available – these values occur when PIs did not measure this particular attribute. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.2425 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: cm^3 cm-3 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Stemp_Avg_C Attribute_Definition: Instantaneous value of soil temperature Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -3.3228 Range_Domain_Maximum: 41.49 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Degrees Celsius Attribute: Attribute_Label: Stemp_SD_C Attribute_Definition: Standard deviation of instantaneous soil temperature Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 8.3562 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Degrees Celsius Attribute: Attribute_Label: WarmingStart Attribute_Definition: Year that warming commenced at field site Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1989 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2014 Attribute: Attribute_Label: EcosystemType Attribute_Definition: Type of biome. We used standard definitions of biomes found in an English dictionary. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: BorealForest Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Boreal Forest Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer Defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: TemperateForest Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Temperate Forest Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer Defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: TemperateGrassland Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Temperate Grassland Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer Defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Meadow Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Meadow Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer Defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: N_Shrubland Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Northern Shrublands (i.e., peatlands and heathlands) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer Defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: S_Shrubland Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Southern Shrublands (i.e., Mediterranean or sub-tropical shrublands) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer Defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: TemperateAgriculture Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Temperate Agriculture Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer Defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Desert Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Desert Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer Defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: WetSedgeTundra Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Wet Sedge Tundra Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer Defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: sand_pct Attribute_Definition: Soil texture type - percent sand. Any NA values stand for data not available – these values occur when PIs did not measure this particular attribute. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 9 Range_Domain_Maximum: 94.4 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent Attribute: Attribute_Label: silt_pct Attribute_Definition: Soil texture type - percent silt. Any NA values stand for data not available – these values occur when PIs did not measure this particular attribute. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 69 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent Attribute: Attribute_Label: clay_pct Attribute_Definition: Soil texture type - percent clay. Any NA values stand for data not available – these values occur when PIs did not measure this particular attribute. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.5 Range_Domain_Maximum: 31.2 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: CSV Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7MK6B1X Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/580a40cde4b0f497e7906426 Fees: none Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20211116 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Joanna Carey Contact_Organization: The Ecosystems Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 7 MBL St City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 315.521.0562 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the metadata contact is no longer with the USGS or the email is otherwise invalid. 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