U.S. Geological Survey
2016
GeoTIFF image of the backscatter intensity of the sea floor offshore of Moriches Inlet, New York, in 1998 (3-m resolution, Mercator, WGS 84)
1.0
remote-sensing image
data release
DOI:10.5066/F7Z899GG
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Z899GG
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/56ccd3e2e4b0b1892d9e075a?name=morich_backi3m.zip
Bradford Butman
William W. Danforth
John E. Hughes Clarke
Richard P. Signell
William C. Schwab
2016
Bathymetry and backscatter intensity of the sea floor south of Long Island, New York
1.0
data release
DOI:10.5066/F7Z899GG
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Z899GG
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/56a8e8a2e4b0b28f1184dc54
Surveys of the bathymetry and backscatter intensity of the sea floor south of Long Island, New York, were carried out in November 1998 using a Simrad EM1000 multibeam echosounder mounted on the Canadian Coast Guard ship Frederick G. Creed. The purpose of the multibeam echosounder surveys was to explore the bathymetry and backscatter intensity of the sea floor in several areas off the southern coast of Long Island along the 20-meter isobath. Survey areas offshore of Fire Island Inlet, Moriches Inlet, Shinnecock Inlet, and southwest of Montauk Point were about 1 kilometer (km) wide and 10 km long. The area was mapped by the U.S. Geological Survey with support from the Canadian Hydrographic Service and the University of New Brunswick.
This data release makes the multibeam echosounder data from the 1998 survey of the sea floor offshore of Moriches Inlet, New York, available in digital form. The GeoTIFF image of backscatter intensity provides qualitative information on the sediment texture and roughness of the sea floor. Backscatter intensity, a measure of the strength of the acoustic return from the sea floor, is a function of the properties of the surficial sediments and of the bottom roughness. Generally high backscatter intensity (strong return), shown as light gray tones, is associated with rock or coarse-grained sediment, and low backscatter intensity (weak return), shown as dark gray tones, with fine-grained sediments.
Other data sets from this survey may be found in Butman and others (2016) (see larger work citation).
19981107
19981107
ground condition
None planned
-72.816667
-72.650004
40.753333
40.696671
USGS Metadata Identifier
USGS:56ccd3e2e4b0b1892d9e075a
none
backscatter intensity
GeoTIFF image
multibeam
3-m resolution
sea floor
sea floor mapping
Simrad EM1000
Canadian Coast Guard ship (CCGS) Frederick G. Creed
WHCMSC field activity 1998-015-FA
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (WHCMSC)
Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP)
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
Canadian Hydrographic Service
University of New Brunswick
ISO 19115 Topic Category
oceans
geoscientificInformation
imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
USGS Thesaurus
sea-floor acoustic reflectivity
image mosaics
multibeam sonar
marine geophysics
geospatial datasets
none
Moriches Inlet
Long Island
New York Bight
Middle Atlantic Bight
mid-Atlantic Bight
New York
North Atlantic Ocean
none
1998
None
None
U.S. Geological Survey
Bradford Butman
mailing and physical address
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
508-548-8700 x2212
bbutman@usgs.gov
morich_backi3m_browse.jpg
Image of the backscatter intensity of the sea floor offshore of Moriches Inlet, New York. File is located in the compressed zip file.
JPEG
Microsoft Windows Vista Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.4095
Schwab, W.C.
Thieler, E.R.
Denny, J.F.
Danforth, W.W.
2000
Seafloor sediment distribution off southern Long Island, New York
Open-File Report
00-243
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-243/
All data were processed in the same manner. Some features in the multibeam data are artifacts of data collection and environmental conditions. They include unnatural-looking features and patterns oriented parallel or perpendicular to survey tracklines. The orientation of the survey tracklines is often identified in the image by parallel stripes of false high reflectivity that occur at nadir. The Long Island surveys were assigned a block of line numbers beginning with 3000.
This image contains all edited multibeam backscatter intensity data collected offshore of Moriches Inlet in 1998. There are a few gaps in the image due to incomplete coverage by the multibeam system. Other data sets collected offshore of Long Island, New York, on WHCMSC field activity 1998-015-FA may be found in Butman and others (2016) (see larger work citation).
These data were navigated with a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS); they are accurate to +/- 3 meters, horizontally.
Canadian Hydrographic Service
William W. Danforth
John E. Hughes Clarke
Unpublished Material
raw multibeam data
disc
19981107
19981107
ground condition
none
The multibeam data were collected with a Simrad EM1000 multibeam echosounder mounted on the starboard pontoon of the Canadian Coast Guard ship Frederick G. Creed. The multibeam system utilizes 60 electronically-aimed receive beams spaced at intervals of 2.5 degrees that insonify a strip of sea floor up to 7.5 times the water depth. The horizontal resolution of the beam on the sea floor is approximately 10 % of the water depth. Vertical resolution is approximately 1 % of the water depth. Data were collected along tracklines oriented approximately northeast-southwest, parallel to the local isobaths, and spaced about 100 m apart. The frequency of the sonar was 95 kHz. Sound velocity profiles were obtained and input into the Simrad processing system to correct for refraction. Navigation was by means of differential GPS. Operation of the Simrad EM1000 was carried out by hydrographers of the Canadian Hydrographic Service. The data were collected on Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center field activity 1998-015-FA.
A suite of processing software (called SwathEd) (www.omg.unb.ca/~jhc/SwathEd.html), developed by the Ocean Mapping Group at the University of New Brunswick, Canada, was used to process and grid the multibeam bathymetric soundings and produce shaded-relief images. The metadata for the bathymetric grid (see link in larger work citation) describes the processing steps applied to the navigation and bathymetric soundings. The following processing steps produced the grayscale image of backscatter intensity for the Moriches data set:
>
1. Create a blank 8 bit map file:
>
Command line: make_blank mosaic_file
>
This command commences a dialog to enable an 8 bit image and input the map boundaries and resolution. The program also prompts for the projection type and parameters to be used creating the binary map file (custom Mercator projection, central longitude of -75 degrees, latitude of true scale 40 degrees north). Then the "blank" file is copied to two files required by the mosaic program:
>
Command line: cp mosaic_file.blank mosaic_file.mos
>
Command line: cp mosaic_file.blank mosaic_file.ran
>
2. Create backscatter files that can be then mosaicked from the backscatter time series:
>
Command line: getBeamPattern filename (prefix only)
>
Command line: makess -pixel 1.0 -beam_patt beampatt filename (prefix only) output.ss
>
Command line: glfill output.ss output.ss_fill (fills in data dropouts).
>
3. Mosaic all the backscatter files created in the last step (for each output.ss_fill).
>
Command line: mos2 -autoseam -maxazi 10 -maxdist 10 mosaic_file output.ss_fill
>
4. Use a two-point linear contrast stretch (0-254; 255 is no data) to enhance the shaded-relief image:
Command line: stretchacres -low 170 -high 210 -in mosaic_file -out mosaic_file.stretch
2015
U.S. Geological Survey
William W. Danforth
mailing and physical address
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
508-548-8700 x2274
wdanforth@usgs.gov
Create a TIFF from the backscatter mosaic file using the netpbm utilities (http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/):
Command line: rawtopgm -headerskip 1024 image_width image_height mosaic_file.stretch | pnmtoTIFF -none - > mosaic_grayscale.tif
2015
U.S. Geological Survey
William W. Danforth
mailing and physical address
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
508-548-8700 x2274
wdanforth@usgs.gov
Create a TIFF world file (tfw) for the mosaic TIFF image for use in ArcGIS. Copy bounding box and resolution from the jview program output to the .tfw file.
>
Command line: jview mosaic_file.stretch
2015
U.S. Geological Survey
William W. Danforth
mailing and physical address
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
508-548-8700 x2274
wdanforth@usgs.gov
Create GeoTIFF image using the Define Projection Tool in Data Management Tools, Projections and Transformations in ArcToolbox 9.3. Custom projection is Mercator, central meridian of -75.0 degrees, latitude of true scale 40.0 degrees north, false easting 0.0, false northing 0.0; Geographic Coordinate System WGS 1984.
2016
U.S. Geological Survey
Bradford Butman
mailing and physical address
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
508-548-8700 x2212
bbutman@usgs.gov
USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section.
20180720
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.
20200810
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
Raster
Pixel
2120
4744
1
Mercator
40.000000
-75.000000
0.000000
0.000000
row and column
3.000000
3.000000
meters
D_WGS_1984
WGS_1984
6378137.000000
298.257224
Backscatter intensity, the intensity of the acoustic return from the sea floor from the multibeam system, is a function of the properties of the surficial sediments and of the bottom roughness. Generally high backscatter intensity (strong return), shown as light gray tones, is associated with rock or coarse-grained sediment, and low backscatter intensity (weak return), shown as dark gray tones, with fine-grained sediments. However, the micro-topography, such as ripples, burrows, and benthic populations also affect the reflectivity of the sea floor. Direct observations, using bottom photography or video, and surface samples, are needed to verify interpretations of the backscatter intensity data. The backscatter data have a weak striping that runs parallel to the ship track. Some of the striping is the result of poor data return at nadir that appears as evenly-spaced thin speckled lines. Backscatter intensity is shown as an 8-bit (0-255) grayscale image; 255 is no data.
U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
mailing and physical address
Federal Center
Building 810
Mail Stop 302
Denver
CO
80225
1-888-275-8747
morich_backi3m.zip: contains morich_backi3m.tif, morich_backi3m.tfw, and associated FGDC-compliant metadata (CSDGM format).
Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
GeoTIFF
ArcGIS 9.3
GeoTIFF image
GeoTIFF image of backscatter intensity and associated metadata from a multibeam survey offshore of Moriches Inlet, New York, compressed in a WinZip (version 14) file
zip
1.2
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/56ccd3e2e4b0b1892d9e075a?name=morich_backi3m.zip
https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Z899GG
The network resource directs to a landing page where the zip file containing the data can be downloaded.
none
The GeoTIFF image of backscatter intensity is compressed into a WinZip (version 14) file (morich_backi3m.zip). To use these data, the user must have software capable of uncompressing the zip file and ArcGIS or another GIS application package capable of viewing the data.
20200810
U.S. Geological Survey
Bradford Butman
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2212
bbutman@usgs.gov
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998
local time