GeoTIFF image of shaded-relief bathymetry, colored by backscatter intensity, of the sea floor offshore of Moriches Inlet, New York, in 1998 (3-m resolution, Mercator, WGS 84)

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Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:
GeoTIFF image of shaded-relief bathymetry, colored by backscatter intensity, of the sea floor offshore of Moriches Inlet, New York, in 1998 (3-m resolution, Mercator, WGS 84)
Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Series_Information:
Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F7Z899GG
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Z899GG
Online_Linkage:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/56ccd414e4b0b1892d9e0762?name=morich_srback3m.zip
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Bradford Butman
Originator: William W. Danforth
Originator: John E. Hughes Clarke
Originator: Richard P. Signell
Originator: William C. Schwab
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:
Bathymetry and backscatter intensity of the sea floor south of Long Island, New York
Edition: 1.0
Series_Information:
Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F7Z899GG
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Z899GG
Online_Linkage:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/56a8e8a2e4b0b28f1184dc54
Description:
Abstract:
Surveys of the bathymetry and backscatter intensity of the sea floor south of Long Island, New York, were carried out in November 1998 using a Simrad EM1000 multibeam echosounder mounted on the Canadian Coast Guard ship Frederick G. Creed. The purpose of the multibeam echosounder surveys was to explore the bathymetry and backscatter intensity of the sea floor in several areas off the southern coast of Long Island along the 20-meter isobath. Survey areas offshore of Fire Island Inlet, Moriches Inlet, Shinnecock Inlet, and southwest of Montauk Point were about 1 kilometer (km) wide and 10 km long. The area was mapped by the U.S. Geological Survey with support from the Canadian Hydrographic Service and the University of New Brunswick.
Purpose:
This data release makes the multibeam echosounder data from the 1998 survey of the sea floor offshore of Moriches Inlet, New York, available in digital form. The GeoTIFF image of shaded-relief bathymetry colored by backscatter intensity provides a visualization of both bathymetry and backscatter intensity. The shaded-relief image was created by vertically exaggerating the bathymetry 4 times and then artificially illuminating the relief by a light source positioned 45 degrees above the horizon from an azimuth of 60 degrees. The illumination from 60 degrees, approximately parallel to the survey lines, minimizes artifacts caused by small depth changes that may occur between lines. The backscatter intensity is represented by a suite of eight colors ranging from blue (low intensity) to green to yellow to red (high intensity).
Supplemental_Information:
Other data sets from this survey may be found in Butman and others (2016) (see larger work citation).
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19981107
Ending_Date: 19981107
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.816667
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.650004
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.753333
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.696671
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:56ccd414e4b0b1892d9e0762
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
Theme_Keyword: backscatter intensity
Theme_Keyword: shaded-relief bathymetry
Theme_Keyword: GeoTIFF image
Theme_Keyword: multibeam
Theme_Keyword: 3-m resolution
Theme_Keyword: sea floor
Theme_Keyword: sea floor mapping
Theme_Keyword: Simrad EM1000
Theme_Keyword: Canadian Coast Guard ship (CCGS) Frederick G. Creed
Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC field activity 1998-015-FA
Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (WHCMSC)
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP)
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
Theme_Keyword: Canadian Hydrographic Service
Theme_Keyword: University of New Brunswick
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: sea-floor characteristics
Theme_Keyword: marine geophysics
Theme_Keyword: computational methods
Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets
Theme_Keyword: multibeam sonar
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
Place_Keyword: Moriches Inlet
Place_Keyword: Long Island
Place_Keyword: New York Bight
Place_Keyword: Middle Atlantic Bight
Place_Keyword: mid-Atlantic Bight
Place_Keyword: New York
Place_Keyword: North Atlantic Ocean
Temporal:
Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
Temporal_Keyword: 1998
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints: These data are not to be used for navigation purposes.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Bradford Butman
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2212
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bbutman@usgs.gov
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name: morich_srback3m_browse.jpg
Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
Image of shaded-relief bathymetry, colored by backscatter intensity, of the sea floor offshore of Moriches Inlet, New York. File is located in the compressed zip file.
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Microsoft Windows Vista Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.4095
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Schwab, W.C.
Originator: Thieler, E.R.
Originator: Denny, J.F.
Originator: Danforth, W.W.
Publication_Date: 2000
Title:
Seafloor sediment distribution off southern Long Island, New York
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 00-243
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-243/
Data_Quality_Information:
Logical_Consistency_Report:
Some features in the multibeam data are artifacts of data collection and environmental conditions. They include small highs and lows and unnatural-looking features, and patterns oriented parallel or perpendicular to survey tracklines. The orientation of the tracklines is sometimes identified by parallel stripes in the image. During data acquisition, the electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM) within the transceiver that controls the beam launch angles was programmed with incorrect parameters for the outer ten beams on the port and starboard sides. This caused depth soundings to be deeper for these outer beams by approximately 0.1 m; these deeper soundings are not corrected. The Long Island surveys were assigned a block of line numbers beginning with 3000.
Completeness_Report:
This image contains all backscatter intensity data collected in the 1998 multibeam survey offshore of Moriches Inlet. There are a few gaps in the image due to incomplete coverage by the multibeam system. Other data sets collected offshore of Long Island, New York, on WHCMSC field activity 1998-015-FA may be found in Butman and others (2016) (see larger work citation).
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
These data were navigated with a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS); they are accurate to +/- 3 meters, horizontally.
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Canadian Hydrographic Service
Originator: William W. Danforth
Originator: John E. Hughes Clarke
Publication_Date: Unpublished Material
Title: raw multibeam data
Type_of_Source_Media: disc
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19981107
Ending_Date: 19981107
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: none
Source_Contribution:
The multibeam data were collected with a Simrad EM1000 multibeam echosounder mounted on the starboard pontoon of the Canadian Coast Guard ship Frederick G. Creed. The multibeam system utilizes 60 electronically-aimed receive beams spaced at intervals of 2.5 degrees that insonify a strip of sea floor up to 7.5 times the water depth. The horizontal resolution of the beam on the sea floor is approximately 10 % of the water depth. Vertical resolution is approximately 1 % of the water depth. Data were collected along tracklines oriented approximately northeast-southwest, parallel to the local isobaths, and spaced about 100 m apart. The frequency of the sonar was 95 kHz. Sound velocity profiles were obtained and input into the Simrad processing system to correct for refraction. Navigation was by means of differential GPS. Operation of the Simrad EM1000 was carried out by hydrographers of the Canadian Hydrographic Service. The data were collected on Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center field activity 1998-015-FA.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
A suite of processing software (called SwathEd) (www.omg.unb.ca/~jhc/SwathEd.html), developed by the Ocean Mapping Group at the University of New Brunswick, Canada, was used to process and grid the multibeam bathymetric soundings and backscatter intensity data, and to produce images. The metadata for the bathymetry grid (see link in larger work citation) describes the processing steps applied to the navigation and bathymetric soundings. The following processing steps produced the shaded-relief image of bathymetry colored by backscatter intensity for the Moriches data set:
1. Create a blank 8 bit map file:
Command line: make_blank mosaic_file
This command commences a dialog to enable an 8 bit image and input the map boundaries and resolution. The program also prompts for the projection type and parameters to be used creating the binary map file (custom Mercator projection, central longitude of -75 degrees, latitude of true scale 40 degrees north). Then the "blank" file is copied to two files required by the mosaic program:
Command line: cp mosaic_file.blank mosaic_file.mos
Command line: cp mosaic_file.blank mosaic_file.ran
2. Create backscatter files that can be then mosaicked from the backscatter time series:
Command line: getBeamPattern filename (prefix only)
Command line: makess -pixel 1.0 -beam_patt beampatt filename (prefix only) output.ss
Command line: glfill output.ss output.ss_fill (fills in data dropouts).
3. Mosaic all the backscatter files created in the last step (for each output.ss_fill), and then use a two-point linear contrast stretch (0-254; 255 is no data) to enhance the backscatter image.
Command line: mos2 -autoseam -maxazi 10 -maxdist 10 mosaic_file output.ss_fill
Command line: stretchacres -low 170 -high 210 -in mosaic_file -out mosaic_file.stretch
4. Create a shaded-relief image of the bathymetry using SwathEd routine addSUN (sun elevation of 45 degrees from 60, vertically exaggerating 4 times).
Command line: addSUN -elev 45 -azi 60 -vert_exag 4.0 gridFile.r4 filename.shade
5. Use a two-point linear contrast stretch (0-254; 255 is no data) to enhance the shaded-relief image:
Command line: stretchacres -low 150 -high 200 -in filename.shade -out filename_shade.stretch
6. Create an image of shaded-relief bathymetry, colored by backscatter intensity:
Command line: mix_ci -c mosaic_file.stretch -i filename_shade.stretch -m mosaic_file.pseudo
Process_Date: 2015
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Wiliam W. Danforth
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wdanforth@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Create a TIFF from the pseudocolored backscatter mosaic file using the netpbm utilities (http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/):
Command line: rawtopgm -headerskip 1024 image_width image_height mosaic_file.pseudo | pnmtoTIFF -none - > mosaic_pseudo.tif
Process_Date: 2015
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: William W. Danforth
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2274
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wdanforth@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Create a TIFF world file (tfw) for the pseudocolored backscatter intensity image for use in ArcGIS. Copy bounding box and resolution information from the jview program output to the .tfw file.
Process_Date: 2015
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: William W. Danforth
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2274
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wdanforth@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Import image into Photoshop and convert from an 8-bit image to 3-band a 24-bit RGB image. This improves the quality of the image when viewed in ArcMAP at large scale.
Command line: jview mosaic_file.pseudo
Process_Date: 2015
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: William W. Danforth
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2274
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wdanforth@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Create GeoTIFF image using the Define Projection Tool in Data Management Tools, Projections and Transformations in ArcToolbox 9.3. Custom projection is Mercator, central meridian of -75.0 degrees, latitude of true scale 40.0 degrees north, false easting 0.0, false northing 0.0; Geographic Coordinate System WGS 1984.
Process_Date: 2016
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Bradford Butman
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2212
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bbutman@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description: USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section.
Process_Date: 20180720
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.
Process_Date: 20200810
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
Row_Count: 2120
Column_Count: 4744
Vertical_Count: 1
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Map_Projection:
Map_Projection_Name: Mercator
Mercator:
Standard_Parallel: 40.000000
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -75.000000
False_Easting: 0.000000
False_Northing: 0.000000
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 3.000000
Ordinate_Resolution: 3.000000
Planar_Distance_Units: meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
In this GeoTIFF image, the backscatter intensity is combined with the bathymetry to display the distribution of intensity in relation to the bathymetry. The backscatter intensity is represented by a suite of eight colors ranging from blue (low intensity) to green to yellow to red (high intensity). These data are draped over a shaded-relief image created by vertically exaggerating the topography four times and then artificially illuminating the relief by a light source positioned 45 degrees above the horizon from 60 degrees. The resulting image displays light and dark intensities within each color band that result from a feature's position with respect to the light source. For example, northeast-facing slopes, receiving strong illumination, show as a light intensity within a color band, whereas southwest-facing slopes, being in shadow, show as a dark intensity within a color band. Image is 3-band, 24 bit R, G, B; (255,255,255) is no data.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Federal Center
Address: Building 810
Address: Mail Stop 302
City: Denver
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80225
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747
Resource_Description:
morich_srback3m.zip: contains morich_srback3m.tif, morich_srback3m.tfw, and associated FGDC-compliant metadata (CSDGM format)
Distribution_Liability:
Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: GeoTIFF
Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 9.3
Format_Specification: GeoTIFF image
Format_Information_Content:
GeoTIFF image of shaded-relief bathymetry colored by backscatter intensity at 3-m resolution and associated metadata from a multibeam survey offshore of Moriches Inlet, New York, compressed in a WinZip (version 14) file.
File_Decompression_Technique: zip
Transfer_Size: 2.6
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/56ccd414e4b0b1892d9e0762?name=morich_srback3m.zip
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Z899GG
Access_Instructions:
The network resource directs to a landing page where the zip file containing the data can be downloaded.
Fees: none
Technical_Prerequisites:
The GeoTIFF image of shaded-relief bathymetry colored by backscatter intensity is compressed into a WinZip (version 14) file (morich_srback3m.zip). To use these data, the user must have software capable of uncompressing the zip file and ArcGIS or another GIS application package capable of viewing the data.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20240319
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Bradford Butman
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2212
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
Contact_Instructions:
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240319)
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
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