GeoTIFF image of the backscatter intensity of the sea floor offshore of Shinnecock Inlet, New York, in 1998 (3-m resolution, Mercator, WGS 84)

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Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:
GeoTIFF image of the backscatter intensity of the sea floor offshore of Shinnecock Inlet, New York, in 1998 (3-m resolution, Mercator, WGS 84)
Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Series_Information:
Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F7Z899GG
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Z899GG
Online_Linkage:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/56cdd80de4b0b1892d9f0cc7?name=shin_backi3m.zip
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Bradford Butman
Originator: William W. Danforth
Originator: John E. Hughes Clarke
Originator: Richard P. Signell
Originator: William C. Schwab
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:
Bathymetry and backscatter intensity of the sea floor south of Long Island, New York
Edition: 1.0
Series_Information:
Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F7Z899GG
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Z899GG
Online_Linkage:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/56a8e8a2e4b0b28f1184dc54
Description:
Abstract:
Surveys of the bathymetry and backscatter intensity of the sea floor south of Long Island, New York, were carried out in November 1998 using a Simrad EM1000 multibeam echosounder mounted on the Canadian Coast Guard ship Frederick G. Creed. The purpose of the multibeam echosounder surveys was to explore the bathymetry and backscatter intensity of the sea floor in several areas off the southern coast of Long Island along the 20-meter isobath. Survey areas offshore of Fire Island Inlet, Moriches Inlet, Shinnecock Inlet, and southwest of Montauk Point were about 1 kilometer (km) wide and 10 km long. The area was mapped by the U.S. Geological Survey with support from the Canadian Hydrographic Service and the University of New Brunswick.
Purpose:
This data release makes the multibeam echosounder data from the 1998 survey of the sea floor offshore of Shinnecock Inlet, New York, available in digital form. The GeoTIFF image of backscatter intensity provides qualitative information on the sediment texture and roughness of the sea floor. Backscatter intensity, a measure of the strength of the acoustic return from the sea floor, is a function of the properties of the surficial sediments and of the bottom roughness. Generally high backscatter intensity (strong return), shown as light gray tones, is associated with rock or coarse-grained sediment, and low backscatter intensity (weak return), shown as dark gray tones, with fine-grained sediments.
Supplemental_Information:
Other data sets from this survey may be found in Butman and others (2016) (see larger work citation).
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19981107
Ending_Date: 19981107
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.640000
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.319989
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.820000
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.700005
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:56cdd80de4b0b1892d9f0cc7
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
Theme_Keyword: backscatter intensity
Theme_Keyword: GeoTIFF image
Theme_Keyword: multibeam
Theme_Keyword: 3-m resolution
Theme_Keyword: sea floor
Theme_Keyword: sea floor mapping
Theme_Keyword: Simrad EM1000
Theme_Keyword: Canadian Coast Guard ship (CCGS) Frederick G. Creed
Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC field activity 1998-015-FA
Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (WHCMSC)
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP)
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
Theme_Keyword: Canadian Hydrographic Service
Theme_Keyword: University of New Brunswick
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: sea-floor acoustic reflectivity
Theme_Keyword: image mosaics
Theme_Keyword: multibeam sonar
Theme_Keyword: marine geophysics
Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
Place_Keyword: Shinnecock Inlet
Place_Keyword: Long Island
Place_Keyword: New York Bight
Place_Keyword: Middle Atlantic Bight
Place_Keyword: mid-Atlantic Bight
Place_Keyword: New York
Place_Keyword: North Atlantic Ocean
Temporal:
Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
Temporal_Keyword: 1998
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints: None
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Bradford Butman
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2212
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bbutman@usgs.gov
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name: shin_backi3m_browse.jpg
Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
Image of the backscatter intensity of the sea floor offshore of Shinnecock Inlet, New York. File is located in the compressed zip file.
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Microsoft Windows Vista Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.4095
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Schwab, W.C.
Originator: Thieler, E.R.
Originator: Denny, J.F.
Originator: Danforth, W.W.
Publication_Date: 2000
Title:
Seafloor sediment distribution off southern Long Island, New York
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 00-243
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-243/
Data_Quality_Information:
Logical_Consistency_Report:
All data were processed in the same manner. Some features in the multibeam data are artifacts of data collection and environmental conditions. They include unnatural-looking features and patterns oriented parallel or perpendicular to survey tracklines. The orientation of the survey tracklines is often identified in the image by parallel stripes of false high reflectivity that occur at nadir. The Long Island surveys were assigned a block of line numbers beginning with 3000.
Completeness_Report:
This image contains all data collected in the 1998 multibeam survey offshore of Shinnecock Inlet. There are a few gaps in the image due to incomplete coverage by the multibeam system. Other data sets collected offshore of Long Island, New York, on WHCMSC field activity 1998-015-FA may be found in Butman and others (2016) (see larger work citation).
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
These data were navigated with a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS); they are accurate to +/- 3 meters, horizontally.
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Canadian Hydrographic Service
Originator: William W. Danforth
Originator: John E. Hughes Clarke
Publication_Date: Unpublished Material
Title: raw multibeam data
Type_of_Source_Media: disc
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19981107
Ending_Date: 19981107
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: none
Source_Contribution:
The multibeam data were collected with a Simrad EM1000 multibeam echosounder mounted on the starboard pontoon of the Canadian Coast Guard ship Frederick G. Creed. The multibeam system utilizes 60 electronically-aimed receive beams spaced at intervals of 2.5 degrees that insonify a strip of sea floor up to 7.5 times the water depth. The horizontal resolution of the beam on the sea floor is approximately 10 % of the water depth. Vertical resolution is approximately 1 % of the water depth. Data were collected along tracklines oriented approximately northeast-southwest, parallel to the local isobaths, and spaced about 100 m apart. The frequency of the sonar was 95 kHz. Sound velocity profiles were obtained and input into the Simrad processing system to correct for refraction. Navigation was by means of differential GPS. Operation of the Simrad EM1000 was carried out by hydrographers of the Canadian Hydrographic Service. The data were collected on Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center field activity 1998-015-FA.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
A suite of processing software (called SwathEd) (www.omg.unb.ca/~jhc/SwathEd.html), developed by the Ocean Mapping Group at the University of New Brunswick, Canada, was used to process and grid the multibeam bathymetric soundings and backscatter intensity data, and to produce images. The metadata for the bathymetry grid (see link in larger work citation) describes the processing steps applied to the navigation and bathymetric soundings. The following processing steps produced the grayscale image of backscatter intensity for the Shinnecock data set:
1. Create a blank 8 bit map file:
Command line: make_blank mosaic_file
This command commences a dialog to enable an 8 bit image and input the map boundaries and resolution. The program also prompts for the projection type and parameters to be used creating the binary map file (custom Mercator projection, central longitude of -75 degrees, latitude of true scale 40 degrees north). Then the "blank" file is copied to two files required by the mosaic program:
Command line: cp mosaic_file.blank mosaic_file.mos
Command line: cp mosaic_file.blank mosaic_file.ran
3. Create backscatter files that can be then mosaicked from the backscatter time series:
Command line: getBeamPattern filename (prefix only)
Command line: makess -pixel 1.0 -beam_patt beampatt filename (prefix only) output.ss
Command line: glfill output.ss output.ss_fill (fills in data dropouts).
4. Mosaic all the backscatter files created in the last step (for each output.ss_fill).
Command line: mos2 -autoseam -maxazi 10 -maxdist 10 mosaic_file output.ss_fill
5. Use a two-point linear contrast stretch (0-254; 255 is no data) to enhance the shaded-relief image: Command line: stretchacres -low 170 -high 210 -in mosaic_file -out mosaic_file.stretch
Process_Date: 2015
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: William Danforth
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wdanforth@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Create a TIFF image from the backscatter mosaic file using the netpbm utilities (http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/):
Command line: rawtopgm -headerskip 1024 image_width image_height mosaic_file.stretch | pnmtotiff -none - > mosaic_grayscale.tif
Process_Date: 2015
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: William W. Danforth
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2274
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wdanforth@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Create a TIFF world file (tfw) for the mosaic TIFF image for use in ArcGIS. Copy bounding box and resolution from the jview program output to the .tfw file.
Command line: jview mosaic_file.stretch
Process_Date: 2015
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: William W. Danforth
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2274
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wdanforth@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Create GeoTIFF image using the Define Projection Tool in Data Management Tools, Projections and Transformations in ArcToolbox 9.3. Custom projection is Mercator, central meridian of -75.0 degrees, latitude of true scale 40.0 degrees north, false easting 0.0, false northing 0.0; Geographic Coordinate System WGS 1984.
Process_Date: 2016
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Bradford Butman
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2212
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bbutman@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description: USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section.
Process_Date: 20180720
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.
Process_Date: 20200810
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
Row_Count: 4492
Column_Count: 9109
Vertical_Count: 1
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Map_Projection:
Map_Projection_Name: Mercator
Mercator:
Standard_Parallel: 40.000000
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -75.000000
False_Easting: 0.000000
False_Northing: 0.000000
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 3.000000
Ordinate_Resolution: 3.000000
Planar_Distance_Units: meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Backscatter intensity, the intensity of the acoustic return from the sea floor from the multibeam system, is a function of the properties of the surficial sediments and of the bottom roughness. Generally high backscatter intensity (strong return), shown as light gray tones, is associated with rock or coarse-grained sediment, and low backscatter intensity (weak return), shown as dark gray tones, with fine-grained sediments. However, the micro-topography, such as ripples, burrows, and benthic populations also affect the reflectivity of the sea floor. Direct observations, using bottom photography or video, and surface samples, are needed to verify interpretations of the backscatter intensity data. The backscatter data have a weak striping that runs parallel to the ship track. Some of the striping is the result of poor data return at nadir that appears as evenly-spaced thin speckled lines. Backscatter intensity is shown as an 8-bit (0-255) grayscale image; 255 is no data.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Federal Center
Address: Building 810
Address: Mail Stop 302
City: Denver
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80225
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747
Resource_Description:
shin_backi3m.zip: contains shin_backi3m.tif, shin_backi3m.tfw, and associated FGDC-compliant metadata (CSDGM format).
Distribution_Liability:
Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: GeoTIFF
Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 9.3
Format_Specification: GeoTIFF image
Format_Information_Content:
GeoTIFF image of backscatter intensity and associated metadata from a multibeam survey offshore of Shinnecock Inlet, New York, compressed in a WinZip (version 14) file
File_Decompression_Technique: zip archive
Transfer_Size: 1.1
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/56cdd80de4b0b1892d9f0cc7?name=shin_backi3m.zip
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Z899GG
Access_Instructions:
The network resource directs to a landing page where the zip file containing the data can be downloaded.
Fees: none
Technical_Prerequisites:
The GeoTIFF image of backscatter intensity is compressed into a WinZip (version 14) file (shin_backi3m.zip). To use these data, the user must have software capable of uncompressing the zip file and ArcGIS or another GIS application package capable of viewing the data.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20240319
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Bradford Butman
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2212
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
Contact_Instructions:
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240319)
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
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