U.S. Geological Survey 2016 1.0 remote-sensing image data release DOI:10.5066/F7Z899GG Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Z899GG https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/56cdd827e4b0b1892d9f0ccb?name=shin_srback3m.zip Bradford Butman William W. Danforth John E. Hughes Clarke Richard P. Signell William C. Schwab 2016 1.0 data release DOI:10.5066/F7Z899GG Reston, VAA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Z899GG https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/56a8e8a2e4b0b28f1184dc54 Surveys of the bathymetry and backscatter intensity of the sea floor south of Long Island, New York, were carried out in November 1998 using a Simrad EM1000 multibeam echosounder mounted on the Canadian Coast Guard ship Frederick G. Creed. The purpose of the multibeam echosounder surveys was to explore the bathymetry and backscatter intensity of the sea floor in several areas off the southern coast of Long Island along the 20-meter isobath. Survey areas offshore of Fire Island Inlet, Moriches Inlet, Shinnecock Inlet, and southwest of Montauk Point were about 1 kilometer (km) wide and 10 km long. The area was mapped by the U.S. Geological Survey with support from the Canadian Hydrographic Service and the University of New Brunswick. This data release makes the multibeam echosounder data from the 1998 survey of the sea floor offshore of Shinnecock Inlet, New York, available in digital form. The GeoTIFF image of shaded-relief bathymetry colored by backscatter intensity provides a visualization of both bathymetry and backscatter intensity. The shaded-relief image was created by vertically exaggerating the bathymetry 4 times and then artificially illuminating the relief by a light source positioned 45 degrees above the horizon from an azimuth of 60 degrees. The illumination from 60 degrees, approximately parallel to the survey lines, minimizes artifacts caused by small depth changes that may occur between lines. The backscatter intensity is represented by a suite of eight colors ranging from blue (low intensity) to green to yellow to red (high intensity). Other data sets from this survey may be found in Butman and others (2016) (see larger work citation). 19981107 19981107 ground condition Complete None planned -72.640000 -72.319989 40.820000 40.700005 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:56cdd827e4b0b1892d9f0ccb none backscatter intensity shaded-relief bathymetry GeoTIFF image multibeam 3-m resolution sea floor sea floor mapping Simrad EM1000 Canadian Coast Guard ship (CCGS) Frederick G. Creed WHCMSC field activity 1998-015-FA Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (WHCMSC) Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP) U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Canadian Hydrographic Service University of New Brunswick ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans geoscientificInformation imageryBaseMapsEarthCover USGS Thesaurus sea-floor characteristics marine geophysics computational methods geospatial datasets multibeam sonar none Shinnecock Inlet Long Island New York Bight Middle Atlantic Bight mid-Atlantic Bight New York North Atlantic Ocean none 1998 None These data are not to be used for navigation purposes. U.S. Geological Survey Bradford Butman mailing and physical address

Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 USA 508-548-8700 x2212 bbutman@usgs.gov shin_srback3m_browse.jpg Image of shaded-relief bathymetry, colored by backscatter intensity, of the sea floor offshore of Shinnecock Inlet, New York. File is located in the compressed zip file. JPEG Microsoft Windows Vista Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.4095 Schwab, W.C. Thieler, E.R. Denny, J.F. Danforth, W.W. 2000 Open-File Report 00-243 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-243/ Some features in the multibeam data are artifacts of data collection and environmental conditions. They include small highs and lows and unnatural-looking features, and patterns oriented parallel or perpendicular to survey tracklines. The orientation of the tracklines is sometimes identified by parallel stripes in the image. During data acquisition, the electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM) within the transceiver that controls the beam launch angles was programmed with incorrect parameters for the outer ten beams on the port and starboard sides. This caused depth soundings to be deeper for these outer beams by approximately 0.1 m; these deeper soundings are not corrected. The Long Island surveys were assigned a block of line numbers beginning with 3000. This image contains edited bathymetry and backscatter intensity data collected in the 1998 Shinnecock Inlet multibeam survey. There are a few gaps in the image due to incomplete coverage by the multibeam system. Other data sets collected offshore of Long Island, New York, on WHCMSC field activity 1998-015-FA may be found in Butman and others (2016) (see larger work citation). These data were navigated with a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS); they are accurate to +/- 3 meters, horizontally. Canadian Hydrographic Service William W. Danforth John E. Hughes Clarke Unpublished Material disc 19981107 19981107 ground condition none The multibeam data were collected with a Simrad EM1000 multibeam echosounder mounted on the starboard pontoon of the Canadian Coast Guard ship Frederick G. Creed. The multibeam system utilizes 60 electronically-aimed receive beams spaced at intervals of 2.5 degrees that insonify a strip of sea floor up to 7.5 times the water depth. The horizontal resolution of the beam on the sea floor is approximately 10 % of the water depth. Vertical resolution is approximately 1 % of the water depth. Data were collected along tracklines oriented approximately northeast-southwest, parallel to the local isobaths, and spaced about 100 m apart. The frequency of the sonar was 95 kHz. Sound velocity profiles were obtained and input into the Simrad processing system to correct for refraction. Navigation was by means of differential GPS. Operation of the Simrad EM1000 was carried out by hydrographers of the Canadian Hydrographic Service. The data were collected on Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center field activity 1998-015-FA. A suite of processing software (called SwathEd) (www.omg.unb.ca/~jhc/SwathEd.html), developed by the Ocean Mapping Group at the University of New Brunswick, Canada, was used to process and grid the multibeam bathymetric soundings and backscatter intensity data, and to produce images. The metadata for the bathymetry grid (see link in larger work citation) describes the processing steps applied to the navigation and bathymetric soundings. The following processing steps produced the shaded-relief image of bathymetry colored by backscatter intensity for the Shinnecock data set: 1. Create a blank 8 bit map file: Command line: make_blank mosaic_file This command commences a dialog to enable an 8 bit image and input the map boundaries and resolution . The program also prompts for the projection type and parameters to be used creating the binary map file (custom Mercator projection, central longitude of -75 degrees, latitude of true scale 40 degrees north). Then the "blank" file is copied to two files required by the mosaic program: Command line: cp mosaic_file.blank mosaic_file.mos Command line: cp mosaic_file.blank mosaic_file.ran 2. Create backscatter files that can be then mosaicked from the backscatter time series: Command line: getBeamPattern filename (prefix only) Command line: makess -pixel 1.0 -beam_patt beampatt filename (prefix only) output.ss Command line: glfill output.ss output.ss_fill (fills in data dropouts). 3. Mosaic all the backscatter files created in the last step (for each output.ss_fill), and then use a two-point linear contrast stretch (0-254; 255 is no data) to enhance the backscatter image. Command line: mos2 -autoseam -maxazi 10 -maxdist 10 mosaic_file output.ss_fill Command line: stretchacres -low 170 -high 210 -in mosaic_file -out mosaic_file.stretch 4. Create a shaded-relief image of the bathymetry using SwathEd routine addSUN (sun elevation of 45 degrees from 60, vertically exaggerating 4 times). Command line: addSUN -elev 45 -azi 60 -vert_exag 4.0 gridFile.r4 filename.shade 5. Use a two-point linear contrast stretch (0-254; 255 is no data) to enhance the shaded-relief image: Command line: stretchacres -low 150 -high 200 -in filename.shade -out filename_shade.stretch 6. Create an image of shaded-relief bathymetry, colored by backscatter intensity: Command line: mix_ci -c mosaic_file.stretch -i filename_shade.stretch -m mosaic_file.pseudo 2015 U.S. Geological Survey William W. Danforth mailing and physical address

Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 USA 508-548-8700 x2274 wdanforth@usgs.gov Create a TIFF from the pseudocolored backscatter mosaic file using the netpbm utilities (http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/): Command line: rawtopgm -headerskip 1024 image_width image_height mosaic_file.pseudo | pnmtotiff -none - > mosaic_pseudo.tif 2015 U.S. Geological Survey William W. Danforth mailing and physical address

Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 USA 508-548-8700 x2274 wdanforth@usgs.gov Create a TIFF world file (tfw) for the pseudocolored backscatter intensity image for use in ArcGIS. Copy bounding box and resolution information from the jview program output to the .tfw file. Command line: jview mosaic_file.pseudo 2015 U.S. Geological Survey William W. Danforth mailing and physical address

Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 USA 508-548-8700 x2274 wdanforth@usgs.gov Import image into Photoshop and convert from an 8-bit image to a 3-band 24-bit RGB image. This improves the quality of the image when viewed in ArcMAP at large scale. 2015 U.S. Geological Survey William W. Danforth mailing and physical address

Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 USA 508-548-8700 x2274 wdanforth@usgs.gov Create GeoTIFF image using the Define Projection Tool in Data Management Tools, Projections and Transformations in ArcToolbox 9.3. Custom projection is Mercator, central meridian of -75.0 degrees, latitude of true scale 40.0 degrees north, false easting 0.0, false northing 0.0; Geographic Coordinate System WGS 1984. 2016 U.S. Geological Survey Bradford Butman mailing and physical address

Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 USA 508-548-8700 x2212 bbutman@usgs.gov USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section. 20180720 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. 20200810 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

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Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Raster Pixel 4492 9109 1 Mercator 40.000000 -75.000000 0.000000 0.000000 row and column 3.000000 3.000000 meters D_WGS_1984 WGS_1984 6378137.000000 298.257224 In this GeoTIFF image, the backscatter intensity is combined with the bathymetry to display the distribution of intensity in relation to the bathymetry. The backscatter intensity is represented by a suite of eight colors ranging from blue (low intensity) to green to yellow to red (high intensity). These data are draped over a shaded-relief image created by vertically exaggerating the topography four times and then artificially illuminating the relief by a light source positioned 45 degrees above the horizon from 60 degrees. The resulting image displays light and dark intensities within each color band that result from a feature's position with respect to the light source. For example, northeast-facing slopes, receiving strong illumination, show as a light intensity within a color band, whereas southwest-facing slopes, being in shadow, show as a dark intensity within a color band. Image is 3-band, 24 bit R, G, B; (255,255,255) is no data. U.S. Geologcal Survey U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing and physical address

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Denver CO 80225 1-888-275-8747 shin_srback3m.zip: contains shin_srback3m.tif, shin_srback3m.tfw, and associated FGDC-compliant metadata (CSDGM format). Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. GeoTIFF ArcGIS 9.3 GeoTIFF GeoTIFF image of shaded-relief bathymetry colored by backscatter intensity at 3-m resolution and associated metadata from a multibeam survey offshore of Shinnecock Inlet, New York, compressed in a WinZip (version 14) file. zip 2.7 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/56cdd827e4b0b1892d9f0ccb?name=shin_srback3m.zip https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Z899GG The network resource directs to a landing page where the zip file containing the data can be downloaded. none The GeoTIFF image of shaded-relief bathymetry colored by backscatter intensity is compressed into a WinZip (version 14) file (shin_srback3m.zip). To use these data, the user must have software capable of uncompressing the zip file and ArcGIS or another GIS application package capable of viewing the data. 20240319 U.S. Geological Survey Bradford Butman mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2212 whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240319) FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time