Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Amy S. Farris Originator: Kathryn M. Weber Publication_Date: 20240410 Title: Reference baselines used to extract shorelines for the West Coast of the United States Edition: 1 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P137S83C Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P137S83C Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/65a029b7d34e5af967a38422 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Amy S. Farris Originator: Kathryn M. Weber Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Beach foreshore slope for the West Coast of the United States Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P137S83C Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation:Farris, A.S., and Weber, K.M., 2024, Beach Foreshore slope for the West Coast of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P137S83C Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P137S83C Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/659ebf45d34e5af967a34e63 Description: Abstract: This data release contains reference baselines for primarily open-ocean sandy beaches along the west coast of the United States (California, Oregon and Washington). The slopes were calculated while extracting shoreline position from lidar point cloud data collected between 2002 and 2011. The shoreline positions have been previously published, but the slopes have not. A reference baseline was defined and then evenly-spaced cross-shore beach transects were created. Then all data points within 1 meter of each transect were associated with each transect. Next, it was determined which points were one the foreshore, and then a linear regression was fit through the foreshore points. Beach slope was defined as the slope of the regression. Finally, the regression was evaluated at the elevation of Mean High Water (MHW) to yield the location of the shoreline. In some areas there was more than one lidar survey available; in these areas the slopes from each survey are provided. While most of the slopes are for sandy beaches, there is some slope data from rocky headlands and other steeper beaches. These data files (referenceLine_WestCoast.csv and referenceLine_WestCoast.shp) contain information about the reference baseline, the cross-shore transects, and the Mean High Water values used to estimate the shoreline. The accompanying data files (slopeData_WestCoast.csv and slopeData_WestCoast.shp) contain the slope data. The csv and shapefiles contain the same information, both file types are provided as a convenience to the user. Purpose: Beach slope is a critical metric for coastal hazards science and is also necessary for extracting shorelines from satellite imagery. Shorelines derived from satellite data must be tidally-corrected to a reference elevation using the slope of the beach. The beach slope data presented here will be beneficial for advancing our understanding of coastal processes and for quantifying and predicting shoreline change and storm impacts along the Pacific coast. Supplemental_Information: The shorelines that were derived when these slopes were calculated can be accessed through the USGS National Shoreline Change Data Catalog: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5b97f1b4e4b0702d0e842183 Note that the transect number used in these publications are different that the transect numbers used here. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20020901 Ending_Date: 20110730 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -124.7400 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -117.1200 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.3500 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 32.5300 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: beach slope Theme_Keyword: foreshore Theme_Keyword: shoreline Theme_Keyword: Mean High Water Theme_Keyword: MHW Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS thesaurus Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:65a029b7d34e5af967a38422 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: Pacific Coast Place_Keyword: California Place_Keyword: Washington Place_Keyword: Oregon Access_Constraints: None. Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Amy Farris Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Oceanographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole Road State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2344 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-547-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: afarris@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/65a029b7d34e5af967a38422?name=slope_BrowseGraphic.png&allowOpen=true Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Small section of data showing reference baseline and slope data Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Native_Data_Set_Environment: Windows 10, Matlab version 2019b, 200b and 2023a Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Amy S. Farris Originator: Kathryn M. Weber Originator: Kara S. Doran Originator: Jeffrey H. List Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Comparing methods used by the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program for deriving shoreline position from lidar data Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2018-1121 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181121 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Kathryn M. Weber Originator: Jeffrey H. List Originator: Karen L.M. Morgan Publication_Date: 2005 Title: An operational mean high water datum for determination of shoreline position from topographic lidar data Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2005-1027 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051027 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: This data file contains the values of Mean High Water (MHW) that were used to estimate the shoreline position. These values were taken from Weber and others (2005) and do not vary continuously along the coast, but rather are constant for long stretches of coastline. The value at any particular point is estimated to be within 15 cm of the 'true' value. Logical_Consistency_Report: Transect numbers are unique for each state, or if the state is divided into regions, for each region. Completeness_Report: All transects are listed, even transects for which no shoreline was found. Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: This data file contains the values of Mean High Water (MHW) that were used to estimate the shoreline position. These values were taken from Weber and others (2005) and do not vary continuously along the coast, but rather are constant for long stretches of coastline. The value at any particular point is estimated to be within 15 cm of the 'true' value. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: For each state/region a coast-following reference baseline was digitized in UTM using Google Earth. This line was loaded into Matlab (version 2000b) and equally-spaced points were defined along the line at a 20-meter spacing. Transect lines perpendicular the baseline were calculated at each of these points. The transects are defined by their origin point (the point on the baseline) and their slope, and y-intercept using the formula: y = m*x +b Where m is the slope, b is the y intercept, x is the easting of the transect origin and y is the northing of the transect origin. All steps were completed by Amy Farris. Process_Date: 20010111 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Amy S. Farris Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Oceanographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2344 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: afarris@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The reference baseline and transects were merged for all states/regions. The transect origins were converted to a geographic coordinate system. However, since the transect lines are defined in UTM and cannot be expressed in geographic, the transect origins are also provided in UTM. The final data matrix has one row for each transect and each row contains the following information: State, Region, Transect number, Latitude and Longitude of the transect origin, easting and northing of the transect origin, slope, y-intercept, Mean High Water (MHW), UTM zone. This matrix was output as both a .csv and a shapefile. All work was done in Matlab (version 2023a) by Amy Farris. Process_Date: 20230501 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.0197394080 Longitude_Resolution: 0.0264580536 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_84 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Altitude_Resolution: 0.01 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: referenceLine_WestCoast.csv and referenceLine_WestCoast.shp Entity_Type_Definition: The point shapefile file includes information about the reference baseline, cross-shore transects, and Mean High Water (MHW) values used to calculate shorelines for California, Oregon and Washington. A .csv file containing the same fields (except for "FID" and "Shape") is also included. Point object count: 118,072. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: State Attribute_Definition: Two letter state designation Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: WA Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Washington Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: OR Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Oregon Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: CA Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: California Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Region Attribute_Definition: Two letter region designation. Oregon and Washington don't have regions. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: na Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No regions for this state. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: no Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Northern California Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: ce Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Central California Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: so Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Southern California Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: TransNum Attribute_Definition: Transect number. Transect numbers are unique for each state, or if the state is divided into regions, for each region. Transect numbers are sequential as you move from North to South. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 79687 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Latitude Attribute_Definition: Latitude of transect origin. WGS84 Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 32.530293 Range_Domain_Maximum: 48.390034 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Longitude Attribute_Definition: Longitude of Transect Origin. Negative indicates west longitude. WGS84 Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -124.732421 Range_Domain_Maximum: -117.126325 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: X_UTM Attribute_Definition: Easting of transect origin (in UTM) Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 224412.773643 Range_Domain_Maximum: 775596.336712 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Y_UTM Attribute_Definition: Northing of transect origin (in UTM) Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 3599224.166723 Range_Domain_Maximum: 5361076.838198 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: TransSlope Attribute_Definition: Slope of the transect line, unitless. Defined using the formula y= m*x+b, where m is the slope, x is the easting of the transect origin, y is the northing of the transect origin and b is the y-intercept. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -322.488196 Range_Domain_Maximum: 477.800552 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: no units Attribute: Attribute_Label: Y_intercept Attribute_Definition: Y-intercept of the transect line, defined using the formula y= m*x+b, where b is the y-intercept, m is the slope, x is the easting of the transect origin, and y is the northing of the transect origin. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -261043474.99728 Range_Domain_Maximum: 248923456.43136 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: MHW Attribute_Definition: The value of Mean High Water (relative to NAVD88) used to calculate the location of the shoreline. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.33 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.1 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: UTMzone Attribute_Definition: UTM zone of the transect Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 10 Range_Domain_Maximum: 11 Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: This section describes the tabular data associated with the shapefile and the corresponding csv file “referenceLine_WestCoast (.shp/.csv)”. The tabular .csv data does not have the attributes "FID" or "Shape" The shapefile is projected GCS_WGS_1984. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: The dataset contains the point shapefile and the tabular data which contain information about the reference line and transects, (referenceLine_WestCoast.shp and referenceLine_WestCoast.csv), browse graphic (slope_BrowseGraphic.png), and the FGDC CSDGM metadata in XML format. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.7.1 Format_Specification: Esri polyline shapefile Format_Information_Content: Dataset contains the shapefile (and associated files), .csv file, browse graphic, and CSDGM metadata. Transfer_Size: 16 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/65a029b7d34e5af967a38422 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/65a029b7d34e5af967a38422 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5006/P137S83C Access_Instructions: The first link downloads all the files on the dataset landing page. The second link is to the dataset landing page where individual files can be viewed and downloaded. The third link is to the data release main landing page. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ascii csv file Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.7.1 Format_Specification: Esri polyline shapefile Format_Information_Content: Dataset contains the shapefile (and associated files), .csv file, browse graphic, and CSDGM metadata. Transfer_Size: 16 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/65a029b7d34e5af967a38422 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/65a029b7d34e5af967a38422 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5006/P137S83C Access_Instructions: The first link downloads all the files on the dataset landing page. The second link is to the dataset landing page where individual files can be viewed and downloaded. The third link is to the data release main landing page. Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: These data are available in a point shapefile format. The user must have software to read and process the data components of a shapefile. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20240410 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Amy S. Farris Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2306 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998