Jin-Si R. Over Peter A. Traykovski Chris R. Sherwood 20240705 1.0 raster and tabular data data release DOI:10.5066/P14VBPYC Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program https://doi.org/10.5066/P14VBPYC https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/662a9b88d34ea70bd5f0af2b Jin-Si R. Over Chris R. Sherwood Peter A. Traykovski 2024 1.0 digital files data release DOI:10.5066/P14VBPYC Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Suggested citation: Over, J.R., Sherwood, C.R., and Traykovski, P.A., 2024, Topographic, bathymetric, and ground control data collected at Marconi Beach, Wellfleet, Massachusetts in March and April 2024: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P14VBPYC. https://doi.org/10.5066/P14VBPYC https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/662a9abed34ea70bd5f0aea1 The data in this release re-map the beach and nearshore environment at Marconi Beach in Wellfleet, MA and provide updated environmental context for the 2021 CoastCam installation that looks out at the coast shared by beachgoers, shorebirds, seals, and sharks. This is related to the field activity 2024-016-FA and a collaboration with the National Park Service at Cape Cod National Seashore to monitor the region that falls within the field of view of two video cameras aimed at the beach (CoastCam CACO-02). In March and April 2024, U.S. Geological Survey and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) scientists conducted field surveys to collect topographic and bathymetric data. A camera (Ricoh GRII) attached to a helium filled balloon-kite (Helikite) took images of the beach for use in structure-from-motion. High-precision GPS targets (AeroPoints V2) were used as ground control points. Bathymetry was collected in the nearshore using a single-beam echosounder mounted on a surf capable self-righting electric autonomous surface vehicle. Agisoft Metashape (v. 2.1.0) was used to create a digital surface model and orthomosaic with the collected imagery. These data may be used as a high-resolution bathymetry dataset of Marconi Beach to observe conditions and change over time and to validate the CoastCam CACO-02. For more information about the WHCMSC Field Activity, see https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/services/activity.php?fan=2024-016-FA. 20240423 ground condition; one day of data collection on April 23, 2024 Complete Not planned -69.96329645 -69.95127379 41.89905618 41.89112739 None U.S. Geological Survey USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program CMHRP Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center WHCMSC Yellowfin autonomous surface vehicle Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution WHOI ASV Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords National Seashore single-beam echo sounder USGS Thesaurus remote sensing single-beam echo sounder bathymetry geospatial datasets ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation oceans location elevation USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:662a9b88d34ea70bd5f0af2b Common geographic areas United States Massachusetts Wellfleet Cape Cod Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Marconi Beach None Public domain (CC0-1.0) data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. Jin-Si R. Over U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Geographer mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2297 jover@usgs.gov https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/662a9b88d34ea70bd5f0af2b?name=2024-016-FA_Marconi_bathy_browse.jpg&allowOpen=true Tracklines of the ASV in red on top of the gridded bathymetry data. JPEG Matlab v. 2020b, Emlid Studio v.1.4 Jin-Si R. Over Chris R. Sherwood Peter A. Traykovski 2023 raster and tabular data data release DOI:10.5066/P99ST3LT Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey This publication is the survey data of Marconi Beach from 2023. https://doi.org/10.5066/P99ST3LT Jin-Si R. Over Chris R. Sherwood Peter A. Traykovski Marie K. Bartlett 2022 raster and tabular data data release DOI:10.5066/P9L1KCQB Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey This publication is the survey data of Marconi Beach from 2022. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9L1KCQB Jin-Si R. Over Chris R. Sherwood Peter A. Traykovski Eric E. Marsjanik 2021 raster and tabular data data release DOI:10.5066/P9POZ9VH Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey This publication is the survey data of Marconi Beach from 2021. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9POZ9VH Holly Francis Peter A. Traykovski 2021 Journal of Coastal Research Volume 37, Issue 5, p. 933-945, online Allen Press The publication describes the theory behind attaching and processing data from a single beam echosounder attached to an autonomous survey vehicle. https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-20-00143.1 No official quality control (QC) test was performed, but all depth values are internally consistent in relation to each other and are comparable to values of published bathymetry in the area (see Over and others, 2021;2022;2023). The product is interpolated and small-scale bathymetry features are not resolved. The actual vertical position may be much less accurate between tracklines. Yaw, pitch, and roll, are not taken into account due to the wide beamwidth, for more processing information see Francis and Traykovski (2021). Rough wave conditions affected the GNSS antenna and accuracies on part of the trackline and are responsible for larger than normal standard deviations of the navigation data. The raster file represents single beam echo-sounder bathymetry data collected by Peter Traykovski (WHOI). These data are a combination of post-processed kinematic (PPK) elevations collected using a GNSS receiver (EMLID Reach M2) and soundings from a Cerulean s500 single beam echosounder mounted on a self-righting autonomous surface vehicle. PPK data was corrected to an onshore base station (JAVA Triumph). The GNSS antenna is offset from the echo-sounder by 0.15 m (referred to as Antenna_Z_Offset), and this is taken into account when calculating the GPS elevation values. The sonar is also offset from the water line by 0.10 m (referred to as Sonar_waterline_offset) and is accounted for when calculating the seafloor depth (see Processing Steps). Collected data were edited for erroneous soundings before being incorporated into the final bathymetric grid, the mask prevents extrapolation of data beyond the bounds but does not exclude any data. The CSV of raw PPK and echosounder values have been edited to remove returns at the beginning and end of the survey when the Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV) was on land. Navigation information was acquired from the GNSS receiver in PPK mode with a multi-band GNSS antenna that has a theoretical horizontal accuracy of 1-5 cm and average reported xy standard deviation (SD) of 6.5 cm. The location information was acquired from the GNSS receiver in PPK mode with a multi-band GNSS antenna with a theoretical horizontal accuracy of 1-5 cm and average reported z SD of 9.4 cm. The navigational accuracies do not represent the accuracy of the derived bathymetric soundings. The vertical accuracy of the raw data in water depths of 10 meters or less, based on industry standard system specifications for 450 and 500 kHz transmit frequencies, is 5-10 cm. Individual point errors (20-30% of points) due to extreme movement of the ASV could be as high as 10 cm, but process steps to interpolate and fit the raster remove a large portion of variability. The single-beam bathymetry data were collected by launching the ASV Yellowfin into the water from the surf zone. Yellowfin is equipped with a Cerulean s500 echosounder and collects singe-beam data and has an EMLID Reach M2 GNSs reciever for positioning data. The boat was controlled near the shore by Peter Traykovski and put on auto-pilot using predetermined tracklines for longer transects offshore. A base station was set-up on reference mark MAR RM1 for the duration of the survey. The raw bathymetry data was processed with the following steps: 1.Parsed the echosounder data (NMEA GPS Puck, Time, and Echosounder range) into MATLAB (v. 2020b) using MATLAB Scripts developed by Peter Traykovski at WHOI - see contact below 2. Post Processed Kinematic (PPK) GNSS data from the ASV was corrected using the base station (Java Triumph-1) data in Emlid Studio (Version 1.4) using the datum NAD83(2011) and then Geoid 18 for the vertical datum NAVD88. A projection for UTM Zone 19N was also specified to get the Easting and Northing information. 3. Refined time alignment to account for any small-time delays between GPS data and echosounder data collection. This is accomplished using the time lagged cross-correlation of echosounder range and PPK GNSS altitude in locations with a relatively flat bottom. The resulting time shift was 18 seconds. The GPS measures vertical fluctuation of the boat due to waves and these fluctuations are also visible in echosounder data. Outliers in the echosounder data were removed using a despiking function. The equation in Step 5 removes the vertical fluctuation due to waves from the echosounder data leaving only true bathymetry if GPS and the echosounder are well synced. The lagged cross-correlation processing ensures they are synced optimally. 4. The PPK GNSS elevation (GPS_z) positions (collected at a higher frequency than the echosounder) were adjusted for the Antenna_Z_offset (0.15 m) and then interpolated to the time of echosounder samples (Echo_z) with the MATLAB function interp1 (linear interpolation). These interpolated data are available in 2024-016-FA_Marconi_raw_bathymetry.csv 5. Calculated sea-floor elevation with reference to the NAVD88 datum in meters using the following equation: Seafloor_z = Echo_z + GPS_z – Sonar_waterline_offset 6. Gridded Seafloor_z values onto 1 m resolution UTM eastings, northings using MATLAB file exchange script regularizedata3d by Jamal (2020), a cubic interpolation with the optimum smoothness coefficient determined by a Monte Carlo optimization procedure for the data regularization. Regularizedata3d entailed removing one cross-shore line of data from the processing and adjusting the smoothness parameter, so the overall surface fit best fits the removed data. The process was then repeated for all the lines of data. The optimized smoothing parameter was used with all the data for the final processing. 7. The MATLAB function 'roipoly' returned the mask as a binary image, which sets pixels inside the region of interest (ROI) to 1 and pixels outside the ROI to 0. The boundary was developed so that there were no extrapolated bathymetry data outside the tracklines. The masks extent was the convex hull of the tracklines positions (x,y) and a bounding z coordinate of 0.3 represented the surface in reference to NAVD88 in meters. 8. Exported gridded 1 m data in NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N in NAVD88 meters as a GeoTIFF: 2024-016-FA_Marconi_bathymetry_UTM19N_NAVD88_1m.tif. Note that using NAVD88 as a height, means that the depths are not true depths but the elevation of the seafloor above or below the geoid. Jamal (2020). RegularizeData3D (https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/46223-regularizedata3d), MATLAB Central File Exchange. Retrieved September 23, 2020. 202404 Peter Traykovski Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Associate Scientist mailing and physical address

226 Woods Hole Rd, MS #12

Woods Hole MA 02543 508-289-2638 ptraykovski@whoi.edu Universal Transverse Mercator 19 0.999600 -69.000000 0.000000 500000.000000 0.000000 row and column 0.001 0.001 meters North American Datum of 1983 (National Spatial Reference System 2011) GRS_1980 6378137.0 298.257222101 North American Vertical Datum of 1988 0.001 meters Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates 2024-016-FA_Marconi_bathymetry_UTM19N_NAVD88_1m.tif The GeoTIFF is the interpolated grid of the soundings representing the bathymetry of offshore Marconi Beach on April 23rd, 2024. USGS Value Seafloor elevation orthometric height NAVD88 (m) using Geoid 18 in NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N producer defined -12.9781 -0.232 meters 1.789e+308 No data Producer-defined 2024-016-FA_Marconi_raw_bathymetry.csv The CSV file contains 44,656 data records of the processed heave-corrected s500 sonar data with interpolated PPK GNSS positions. USGS FAN USGS Field Activity Number USGS 2024-016-FA USGS year, ID, and Field Activity USGS Date Calendar date of collection USGS 20240423 YYYYMMDD USGS Latitude NAD83[2011] Post-processed latitude of ASV GNSS antenna position of each data point. USGS 41.89112739 41.89905618 decimal degrees Longitude NAD83[2011] Post-processed longitude of ASV GNSS antenna position of each data point. None -69.96329645 -69.95127379 decimal degrees Ellipsoid NAD83[2011] Post-processed height in meters of ASV GNSS antenna position of each data point based on the NAD83(2011) reference ellipsoid. None -27.277 -26.179 meters Northing 19N Post-processed X-coordinate of ASV GNSS antenna position of each data point in NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N. USGS 4638135.223 4639007.627 meters Easting 19N Post-processed Y-coordinate of ASV GNSS antenna position of each data point, in NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N. USGS 420093.154 421085.890 meters GPS_z Post-processed Z-coordinate of ASV GNSS antenna position of each data point using NAVD88 correction with Geoid 18. USGS 0.523 1.621 meters Echo_z The unsmoothed Cerulean s500 bed detection range, or the distance between the echosounder and the bottom. USGS -14.213 -1.546 meters Seafloor_z_NAVD88 Elevation in meters of the seafloor in NAVD88, calculated using Seafloor_z = Echo_z + GPS_z - Sonar_waterline_offset. USGS -13.298 -0.436 meters GeoTIFF raster has 1010 columns and 896 rows. Data from the GPS positions and echosounder data are the basis for the raster. USGS Field Activity 2024-016-FA U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing and physical address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov GeoTIFF 2024-016-FA_Marconi_bathymetry_UTM19N_NAVD88_1m.tif is a grid of bathymetric data and 2024-016-FA_Marconi_raw_bathymetry.csv is raw GPS and echosounder data as a CSV file. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Not for navigational use. GeoTIFF 1.0.0 64-bit floating point GeoTIFF format 2024-016-FA_Marconi_bathymetry_UTM19N_NAVD88_1m.tif LZW compression 5.5 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/662a9b88d34ea70bd5f0af2b https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/662a9b88d34ea70bd5f0af2b https://doi.org/10.5066/P14VBPYC The first link in the list above is to directly download all the data on the page, the second link is to the page to download files individually, and the third link is the doi to the main publication. CSV Exported from Excel Office 365 16.01 2024-016-FA_Marconi_raw_bathymetry.csv contains GPS trackline and echosounder data. 7.88 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/662a9b88d34ea70bd5f0af2b https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/662a9b88d34ea70bd5f0af2b https://doi.org/10.5066/P14VBPYC The first link in the list above is to directly download all the data on the page, the second link is to the page to download files individually, and the third link is the doi to the main publication. none To utilize these data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing, GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF. 20240705 Jin-Si R. Over U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Geographer mailing and physical

U.S. Geological Survey

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2297 whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time