Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Publication_Date: 20260622 Title: Alabama: intersect points used in short-term (ST) shoreline change analysis Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P1JE2KSO Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1JE2KSO Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/69e2b0c4b66b0195694c11ef Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Originator: Amy S. Farris Originator: Kathryn M. Weber Publication_Date: 2026 Title: National Shoreline Change—A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data from the 1800s to the 2020s for the coast of Alabama Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P1JE2KSO Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: suggested citation: Kratzmann, M.G., Farris, A.S., and Weber, K.M., 2026, National Shoreline Change—A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data from the 1800s to the 2020s for the coast of Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P1JE2KSO. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1JE2KSO Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/69e2a7d5b66b0195694c1197 Description: Abstract: The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) maintains shoreline positions for the United States coasts from various historical sources, such as aerial photographs or topographic surveys, and contemporary sources, such as lidar-point clouds and digital elevation models. Shorelines are compiled in a Geographic Information System (GIS) and analyzed in the USGS Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software to calculate rates of change. Keeping a record of historical shoreline positions is an effective method to monitor change over time, enabling scientists to identify areas most susceptible to erosion or accretion. These data can help coastal managers understand which areas of the coast are vulnerable to change. The shoreline positions and shoreline change rates provide actionable information to homeowners, coastal communities, and managers of public and private properties to improve resiliency for coastal hazards. Purpose: Point data were created at the intersection of shoreline and transect locations during rate calculation by the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 6.1 for the Alabama coastal region. A subset of the shoreline data (1998-2022) were used to calculate short-term (decadal-scale) change rates. Orthogonal transects cast by DSAS from a reference baseline intersect the shorelines, and the intersect data provide location and date information used to calculate rates of change. These point data contain identifiers related to the DSAS transect (transorder), baseline (baselineid), and the shoreline (shoreline0 [date], decimalye0 [date in decimal year format]). Coordinates and uncertainty information are also included in the intersect point file. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2026 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.345134 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -87.518560 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.280008 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.219309 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: Intersects Theme_Keyword: Intersect points Theme_Keyword: Shoreline change Theme_Keyword: Digital Shoreline Analysis System Theme_Keyword: DSAS Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:69e2b0c4b66b0195694c11ef Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: GNIS Place_Keyword: State of Alabama Place_Keyword: Dauphin Island Place_Keyword: Fort Morgan Alabama Place_Keyword: Gulf Shores Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Gulf Coast Place_Keyword: Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge Place_Keyword: United States of America Place_Keyword: North America Access_Constraints: No access constraints. Please see 'Distribution Information' for details. Use_Constraints: These data are marked with a Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal License. These data are in the public domain and do not have any use constraints. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. These data were automatically generated using the DSAS v6.1 software application. Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. These data are not to be used for navigation. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Meredith G. Kratzmann Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mkratzmann@contractor.usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/69e2b0c4b66b0195694c11ef?name=AL_intersects_ST.png&allowOpen=true Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Map view of data. Pink dots indicate the extent of the short-term (decadal-scale) shoreline intersect points for Alabama. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 11 Enterprise; Esri ArcGIS Pro 3.5.5 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Rachel E. Henderson Originator: Amy S. Farris Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Originator: Marie K. Bartlett Originator: Ayhan Ergul Originator: John McAndrews Originator: Raison Cibaj Originator: Jessica L. Zichichi Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Originator: E. Robert Thieler Publication_Date: 2026 Title: Digital Shoreline Analysis System version 6.1 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: software release Issue_Identification: version 6.1.177 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Use the first link to access the publication page. The second link is to the current version of DSAS (v6.1). The third link directs to the DSAS project page. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1NHMJNC Online_Linkage: https://code.usgs.gov/cch/dsas Online_Linkage: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc/science/digital-shoreline-analysis-system-dsas Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The attributes of this dataset are based on the field requirements of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System and were automatically generated by the software during creation of the intersect points layer. Logical_Consistency_Report: These data were generated using DSAS, an automated software program, which does not perform checks for fidelity of the input features. Following generation of the rates and intersects by the DSAS software a visual inspection of the intersects was performed in map view to determine that no measurements were included that did not have a corresponding transect for the shoreline change analysis. Completeness_Report: This dataset contains all shoreline/transect intersect points used to compute shoreline change rates in the DSAS software application. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The intersect points represent the location where transects cast by the DSAS software cross a historical shoreline position. The points can be used to visually display which shorelines were used in the rate calculation and capture details on the shoreline represented at the intersection. The distances between the reference baseline and each shoreline intersection along a transect are used by the DSAS software to compute the shoreline change metrics. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Publication_Date: 2026 Title: Alabama: baseline generated to calculate shoreline change rates in Kratzmann, M.G., Farris, A.S., and Weber, K.M., 2026, National Shoreline Change—A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data from the 1800s to the 2020s for the coast of Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P1JE2KSO Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P1JE2KSO Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: The first link is to the larger work, the second link is to the baseline dataset. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1JE2KSO Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/69e2afc2b66b0195694c11e3 Type_of_Source_Media: digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2026 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: AL_baseline Source_Contribution: Baseline segments for Alabama (part of this same data release https://doi.org/10.5066/P1JE2KSO) are used by DSAS to cast measurement transects. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Originator: Amy S. Farris Publication_Date: 2026 Title: Alabama: shorelines (1849-2022) used to calculate shoreline change rates in Kratzmann, M.G., Farris, A.S., and Weber, K.M., 2026, National Shoreline Change—A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data from the 1800s to the 2020s for the coast of Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P1JE2KSO Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P1JE2KSO Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: The first link is to the larger work, the second link is to the shorelines dataset. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1JE2KSO Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/69e2b013b66b0195694c11e7 Type_of_Source_Media: digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2026 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: AL_shorelines Source_Contribution: Shoreline data for Alabama (part of this same data release https://doi.org/10.5066/P1JE2KSO). A subset of these shorelines (1998-2022) was used for short-term rate calculations. Process_Step: Process_Description: Overview of the workflow used to calculate shoreline change rates and intersection points as part of the shoreline change analysis using DSAS v6.1: 1) Transects were generated at 50-meter spacing using a manually created baseline and shorelines compiled for Alabama (see source citations in the shorelines metadata file); 2) Manual edits to transects performed; 3) Transects and shorelines were used to generate intersection points and calculate rates of change. The following process steps describe these actions. For more details on the DSAS software, please visit: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc/science/digital-shoreline-analysis-system-dsas This and the following process steps were performed by the same person: Meredith Kratzmann. Process_Date: 2026 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Meredith Kratzmann Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mkratzmann@contractor.usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: DSAS v6.1 was used to create transect features using the baseline and shorelines shapefiles for Alabama. Input parameters: shoreline layer = Shorelines_AL, baseline layer= Baseline_AL, transect spacing= 50 meters, transect length= 1500 meters, smoothing distance= 2000 meters, clip transects to shoreline extent= unchecked. File produced= AL_transects_ALL. Some transects were manually edited for length, moved, or deleted in an edit session using standard editing tools in ArcGIS Pro 3.5.5. Edited transect shapefile was renamed= AL_transects. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Baseline_AL Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Shorelines_AL Process_Date: 2026 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: AL_transects Process_Step: Process_Description: To calculate short-term (ST) shoreline change rates, Alabama lidar-derived shorelines from 1998 to 2022 were utilized with the DSAS-generated transects to create shoreline intersect points and perform rate calculations. Input parameters: shoreline layer= Shorelines_AL, transects layer= AL_transects, date range= 1998 to 2022, shoreline intersection threshold= 2, calculate= EPR (end point rate), LRR (linear regression rate), NSM (net shoreline movement), SCE (shoreline change envelope), confidence interval=90%, create DSAS summary report= checked. Files produced= al_transects_intersect_20260114_141953, al_transects_rates_20260114_141953. Any null values are represented in the attribute table of the rates layer as 9999.99. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Shorelines_AL Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: AL_transects Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: AL_bias Process_Date: 2026 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: al_transects_intersect_20260114_141953 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: al_transects_rates_20260114_141953 Process_Step: Process_Description: The intersect point layer was exported from DSAS using the Export Data tool and renamed= AL_intersects_ST. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: al_transects_intersect_20260114_141953 Process_Date: 2026 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: AL_intersects_ST Process_Step: Process_Description: The intersects shapefile was projected in ArcGIS Pro v3.5.5 > Geoprocessing > Data Management Tools > Projections and Transformations > Project. Parameters: Input Coordinate System - NAD_1983_2011_UTM_Zone_16N; Output Coordinate System - GCS_WGS_1984; transformation = WGS_1984_(ITRF08)_To_NAD_1983_2011. Process_Date: 2026 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 17530 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.0000001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.0000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: AL_intersects_ST.shp Entity_Type_Definition: The intersection points are generated by DSAS where each DSAS-generated transect crosses a shoreline. The points were used to compute short-term shoreline change rates in Alabama. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Feature type. Attribute: Attribute_Label: transorder Attribute_Definition: Number assigned by DSAS based on the ordering of transects from baseline start to baseline end. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 7 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1819 Attribute: Attribute_Label: baselineid Attribute_Definition: Values in this field correlate to the baseline attribute field DSAS_ID and are assigned by DSAS to identify the baseline segment used to generate the measurement transect. Baseline segments assigned an ID = 0 are ignored by DSAS and no transects will be cast along those line segments. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4 Attribute: Attribute_Label: shoreline0 Attribute_Definition: Date of shoreline position; date of survey as determined from shoreline layer. Text field. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Date of the shoreline in MM/DD/YYYY Attribute: Attribute_Label: decimalye0 Attribute_Definition: Date of shoreline position in decimal year format. A decimal year is a representation of time expressed as the year plus the time elapsed since the beginning of the year as a fraction of the whole year. Since there are 365 days in one common year, a tenth of the common year is equal to 36.5 days (36 days and 12 hours). For example, the date 11/05/2019 is expressed as the decimal year 2019.846575. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1998.841096 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2022.547945 Attribute: Attribute_Label: distance Attribute_Definition: The distance in meters between the DSAS reference baseline and the shoreline intersection point along a DSAS transect. Negative decimal values indicate that the intersect point is located landward of the baseline. Positive decimal values indicate that the intersect point is located seaward of the baseline. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -1386.73 Range_Domain_Maximum: -103.77 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: intersectx Attribute_Definition: The X-coordinate location in eastings of the intersect point in NAD_1983_2011_UTM_Zone_16N. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 370564.591668 Range_Domain_Maximum: 450127.073701 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: intersecty Attribute_Definition: The Y-coordinate location in northings of the intersect point in NAD_1983_2011_UTM_Zone_16N. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 3343597.706555 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3349926.352333 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: uncertain0 Attribute_Definition: The uncertainty of the shoreline position at the intersect point, as defined by the positional uncertainty attribute value (Uncy) of the shoreline dataset. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.99 Range_Domain_Maximum: 7.60 Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the intersects needed to calculate short-term (ST) shoreline change rates for Alabama. Please review the individual attribute descriptions for detailed information. All calculations for length are in meter units, NAD_1983_2011_UTM_Zone_16N. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - GS ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: The dataset contains the point intersections used for the analysis of shoreline data (SHP and other shapefile components), browse graphic, and the FGDC CSDGM metadata. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS Pro version 3.5.5 Format_Specification: Esri point shapefile (compressed to ZIP format) Format_Information_Content: These files (.cpg, .dbf, .prj, .sbn, .sbx, .shp, .html, and .shx) are a collection of files with a common filename prefix and must be downloaded and stored in the same directory. Together they are the components of the shapefile. Transfer size is in MB. File_Decompression_Technique: Unzip Transfer_Size: 0.77 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1JE2KSO Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/69e2b0c4b66b0195694c11ef Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/69e2b0c4b66b0195694c11ef Access_Instructions: The first link is to the USGS publication page, the second link is to the dataset page, and the third link downloads the data. Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: These data are available in a point shapefile format. The user must have software to read and process the data components of a shapefile. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20260622 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Meredith G. Kratzmann Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time