Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Jin-Si R. Over Originator: Christopher R. Sherwood Publication_Date: 20250611 Title: Supplemental data for Over and Sherwood (2025), Washover and washout locations and landcover classifications after hurricanes Florence, Dorian, Harvey, Ike, and Sandy in North Carolina, Texas, and New York. Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector and tabular digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P1PGG57F Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: Over, J.R., and Sherwood, C.R., 2025, Supplemental data for Over and Sherwood (2025), Washover and washout locations and landcover classifications after hurricanes Florence, Dorian, Harvey, Ike, and Sandy in North Carolina, Texas, and New York: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P1PGG57F. These data are in direct support of the related jounral article: Over, J.R., and Sherwood, C.R., 2025, Outwash events inhibit vegetation recovery and prolong coastal vulnerability: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surfaces, 130(6), e2024JF008162, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF008162. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1PGG57F Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/6705b0ccd34edddc3ed257c5 Description: Abstract: The data in this release support the journal article "Outwash events inhibit vegetation recovery and prolong coastal vulnerability". The research details the vegetation cover in washover and washout locations in North Carolina, Texas, and New York after hurricanes Florence, Dorian, Harvey, Ike, and Sandy. Aerial imagery observations indicate that washout sites create ponds and have a slower vegetation recovery to pre-storm levels than washover sites. Select imagery was classified into sand, water, and vegetation. To reproduce the results and figures in the paper, the extents of the analysis are provided in a GeoPackage organized by location, hurricane, and type of extent including washout, washover, and ponds. The results of the landcover classifications and the percent vegetation cover within the indiviudal extents are also provided. Purpose: The geographic extents and results of the analysis allow others to reproduce our analyses. Landcover classifications support the study of vegetation recovery on coasts after storm events. Supplemental_Information: These data are in direct support of the related journal article: Over, J.R., and Sherwood, C.R., 2025, Outwash events inhibit vegetation recovery and prolong coastal vulnerability: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surfaces, 130(6), e2024JF008162, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF008162. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20080519 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20100108 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20130419 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20170325 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20170829 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20171001 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20181007 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20190830 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20190919 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20200131 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20191011 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20200928 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20220121 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20221027 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20220323 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20230625 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20241106 Currentness_Reference: dates reflect time series of classified data. Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Not planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -97.03555499 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.87221368 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.73136616 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 27.86610871 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: classification Theme_Keyword: hurricanes Theme_Keyword: vegetation Theme_Keyword: Sandy Theme_Keyword: Dorian Theme_Keyword: Florence Theme_Keyword: Harvey Theme_Keyword: Ike Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: aerial and satellite photography Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: remote sensing Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: location Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:6705b0ccd34edddc3ed257c5 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Common geographic areas Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: New York Place_Keyword: North Carolina Place_Keyword: Texas Place_Keyword: Fire Island National Seashore Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: Bolivar Peninsula Place_Keyword: San Jose Island Place_Keyword: North Core Banks Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain (CC0-1.0) data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jin-Si R. Over Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2297 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jover@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/6705b0ccd34edddc3ed257c5?name=ROI_Example.JPG&allowOpen=true Browse_Graphic_File_Description: An example of some washout regions of interest on North Core Banks. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Native_Data_Set_Environment: Arc Pro 3.0.0, Google Earth Pro Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Jin-Si R. Over Originator: Christopher R. Sherwood Publication_Date: 2025 Title: Outwash events inhibit vegetation recovery and prolong coastal vulnerability Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surfaces Issue_Identification: Volume 130, Issue 6 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: American Geophysical Union Other_Citation_Details: This publication is the primary journal article these data support. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF008162 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Jin-Si R. Over Originator: Andrew C. Ritchie Originator: Christine J. Kranenburg Originator: Jenna A. Brown Originator: Daniel D. Buscombe Originator: Tommy Noble Originator: Christopher R. Sherwood Originator: Jonathan A. Warrick Originator: Phillipe A. Wernette Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Processing coastal imagery with Agisoft Metashape Professional Edition, version 1.6—Structure from motion workflow documentation Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2021-1039 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: This publication includes the general methodology for processing imagery in Metashape to produce DEMs and ortho products. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211039 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Christopher R. Sherwood Originator: Andrew C. Ritchie Originator: Jin-Si R. Over Originator: Christine J. Kranenburg Originator: Jonathan A. Warrick Originator: Jenna A. Brown Originator: C. Wayne Wright Originator: Alfredo L. Aretxabaleta Originator: Sara L. Zeigler Originator: Phillipe A. Wernette Originator: Daniel D. Buscombe Originator: Christie A. Hegermiller Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Sound‐side inundation and seaward erosion of a barrier Island during Hurricane landfall Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface Issue_Identification: Volume 128, Issue 1 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: American Geophysical Union Other_Citation_Details: This publication includes the general methodology for differencing elevation models to produce the Hurricane Dorian washout extents. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JF006934 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Chelby R. Kilheffer Originator: H. Brian Underwood Originator: Jordan Raphael Originator: Lindsay Ries Originator: Shannon Farrell Originator: Donald J. Leopold Publication_Date: 2019 Title: Deer do not affect short-term rates of vegetation recovery in overwash fans on Fire Island after Hurricane Sandy Series_Information: Series_Name: Ecology and Evolution Issue_Identification: Volume 9, Issue 20 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: American Wiley Library Other_Citation_Details: This publication includes the Fire Island washover extents. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5674 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Russell G. Congalton Originator: Kass Green Publication_Date: 2019 Title: Assessing the Accuracy of Remotely Sensed Data: Principles and Practices Series_Information: Series_Name: eBook Issue_Identification: Third Edition Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Boca Raton Publisher: CRC Press Other_Citation_Details: This publication includes the basis for landcover classification statistics. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429052729 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Pontus Oloffson Originator: Giles M. Foody Originator: Martin Herold Originator: Stephen V. Stehman Originator: Curtis E. Woodcock Originator: Michael A. Wulder Publication_Date: 2014 Title: Good practices for estimating area and assessing accuracy of land change Series_Information: Series_Name: Remote Sensing of Enviornment Issue_Identification: Volume 148 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: Elsevier Other_Citation_Details: This publication includes the basis for reporting classification accuracies. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.02.015 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Classification accuracy is assessed using stratified (proportional to area of class) randomly generated points and a confusion matrix of unsupervised classification verses expert interpretation and higher resolution reference imagery. The number of random points was determined following Olofsson et al. (2014) based on an estimated user accuracy of 0.85 for all classes and a targeted standard overall error accuracy of 0.03. The Bolivar Peninsula site had 100 due to the smaller areas of study. All classifications have an overall accuracy assessment value greater than 0.80, which represents strong agreement between classification and reference data (Congalton and Green). See processing steps for accuracy values of the classifications. Logical_Consistency_Report: Classifications are limited to the polygon extents within the GeoPackage. A total of seven SQLite Data Feature Classes are in the GeoPackage that contain polygons categorized by date, hurricane, and location. Completeness_Report: North Core Banks (NCB) was classified at two scales, at the island platform level and within the washover (Hurricane Florence, n=89) and washout (Hurricane Dorian, n=83) extents over six imagery time steps. San Jose Island (SJI) was classified within washout (Hurricane Harvey, n=9) extents over five imagery time steps. The Bolivar Peninsula (BP) was classified within two washout (Hurricane Ike) regions of interest (ROI) over five imagery time steps. Fire Island (FI) was classified within washover (Hurricane Sandy, n=9) over three imagery time steps. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Polygon boundaries of ponds, washout, and washover are based on human digitization and the accuracy scales on the resolution of the imagery and orthomosaics. True boundaries of the features are not expected to be off by more than 1 meter. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Christine J Kranenburg Originator: Andrew C Ritchie Originator: Jenna A Brown Originator: Jin-Si R Over Originator: Christopher R Sherwood Originator: Jonathan Warrick Originator: Phillipe A Wernette Publication_Date: 2022 Title: Aerial imagery of the North Carolina coast: 2019-10-11 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: JPEG and TXT dataset Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RRSMOJ Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20191011 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NCB Imagery 1 Source_Contribution: Used to delineate ponds on North Core Banks. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Christine J Kranenburg Originator: Andrew C Ritchie Originator: Jenna A Brown Originator: Jin-Si R Over Originator: Christopher R Sherwood Originator: Jonathan Warrick Originator: Phillipe A Wernette Publication_Date: 2022 Title: Aerial imagery of the North Carolina coast: 2020-09-28 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: JPEG and TXT dataset Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M3NYWI Online_Linkage: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data-services/rscc/PrecisionAirborneCameraSystem/NC_OBX_20200928/ Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20200928 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NCB Imagery 2 Source_Contribution: Used to delineate ponds on North Core Banks. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Christine J Kranenburg Originator: Andrew C Ritchie Originator: Jenna A Brown Originator: Jin-Si R Over Originator: Christopher R Sherwood Originator: Jonathan Warrick Originator: Phillipe A Wernette Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Aerial imagery of the North Carolina coast: 2022-10-27 to 2022-10-28 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: JPEG and TXT dataset Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M3NYWI Online_Linkage: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data-services/rscc/PrecisionAirborneCameraSystem/NC_OBX_20221020/ Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20221027 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NCB Imagery 3 Source_Contribution: Used to delineate ponds on North Core Banks. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Christine J Kranenburg Originator: Jenna A Brown Originator: Andrew C Ritchie Originator: Jin-Si R Over Originator: Daniel D. Buscombe Originator: Christopher R Sherwood Originator: Jonathan Warrick Publication_Date: 2025 Title: Aerial Imagery of the North Carolina Coast: 2024-11-06 to 2024-11-13 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image, tabular digital data, vector digital data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data-services/rscc/PrecisionAirborneCameraSystem/NC_OBX_20241106-20241113/ Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M3NYWI Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20241106 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20241113 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NCB Imagery 4 Source_Contribution: Used to delineate ponds on North Core Banks Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Andrew C Ritchie Originator: Jin-Si R Over Originator: Christine J Kranenburg Originator: Jenna A Brown Originator: Daniel D. Buscombe Originator: Christopher R Sherwood Originator: Jonathan Warrick Originator: Phillipe A Wernette Publication_Date: 2022 Title: Aerial photogrammetry data and products of the North Carolina coast Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GeoTIFFs Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K3TWY7 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20190830 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20190912 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NCB DEMs Source_Contribution: Used to delineate washout channels on North Core Banks Process_Step: Process_Description: GEOPACKAGE (Over_and_Sherwood_Supp_Extents.gpkg) NORTH CORE BANKS: Island platform region of interest (ROI) feature class (main.NCB_IslandPlatform_ROI) was created assess the landcover of the area adjacent to and affected by overwash and outwash events. The ROI aims to remove water (ocean) and back barrier marsh, which do not perform well in the unsupervised classification. The Hurricane Florence washover extents (main.NCB_Florence_Washover) were delineated by digitizing the extent of the interpreted sand class from an unsupervised classification (the number of classes is set to 3 with a minimum class size of 20 and sample interval of 10) of the 2018-10-07 orthomosaic (Ritchie and others, 2020) and clipping to the dune line in ArcPro (v 3.0.0). The Hurricane Dorian washout extents (main.NCB_Dorian_Washout) were delineated by the difference between NCB digital elevation models (Ritchie and others, 2022) from 2019-08-30 and 2019-09-12 following Sherwood and others (2023). Ponds in washout channels were hand digitized (main.NCB_Dorian_Washout_ponds) by J. Over, using the imagery from 2019-10-11, 2020-09-28, and 2022-10-20 (Kranenburg and others, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025) that were turned into orthomosaics following Over and others (2021). SAN JOSE ISLAND: Individual washout channels were hand digitized by J. Over from 2017-08-29 georectified Google Earth imagery (main.SJI_Harvey_Washout). BOLIVAR PENINSULA: Hurricane Ike did not create individual washout channels, so two same sized ROI boxes were created next to each other on georectifed Google Earth Imagery to encompass the extent of washout that was replanted by the local government and an extent that was not remediated (main.BP_Ike_ROI). FIRE ISLAND: Washout extents were obtained from C. Kilheffer, and provided in main.FI_Sandy_Washover, to recreate the areas of vegetation recovery studied in Kilheffer and others (2019). Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCB Imagery 1 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCB Imagery 2 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCB Imagery 3 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCB Imagery 4 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCB DEMs Process_Date: 2025 Process_Step: Process_Description: CLASSIFICATION DATA (Over_and_Sherwood_2025_Supp_VegetationCoverRaw.csv) Values are provided in the CSV by class, extent ID, and date. Percent cover is calculated by dividing the sum of the pixel count of vegetation classes by the pixel count sum of all classes and multiplied by 100. NORTH CORE BANKS: For each date (2018-10-08, 2019-08-30, 2019-10-11, 2020-09-28, 2022-10-20, 2024-11-06) an unsupervised classification was performed on the orthomosaic within the island platform ROI (main.NCB_IslandPlatform_ROI), the Hurricane Florence washover extents (main.NCB_Florence_Washover), and the Hurricane Dorian washout extents (main.NCB_Dorian_Washout) in ArcPro (v. 3.0.0) with 3 classes, a minimum class size of 20, and sample interval of 10. The three classes were visually interpreted into dense vegetation, sparse vegetation, and sand. Areas under the digitized ponds (when present), were assigned to water. A quality check was done with stratified random points using the Create Accuracy Assessment Points (n=200) and then the Compute Confusion Matrix Tool. For 2019-10-08 the overall accuracy (± 95% confidence interval (CI)) was 0.92±0.04, 2019-08-30 was 0.88±0.04, 2019-10-11 was 0.87±0.04, 2020-09-28 was 0.90±0.04, 2022-10-20 was 0.84±0.05, and 2024-11-06 was 0.88±0.04. SAN JOSE ISLAND: For each date (2017-03-25, 2017-08-29, 2020-10-31, 2022-03-23, and 2023-06-25) georectified Google Earth imagery was converted to a GeoTIFF. For each date an unsupervised classification was performed on the GeoTIFFs within the Hurricane Harvey washout extents (main.SJI_Harvey_Washout) in ArcPro (v. 3.0.0) with 3 classes, a minimum class size of 20, and sample interval of 10. The three classes were visually interpreted into vegetation, sand, and water. A quality check was done with stratified random points using the Create Accuracy Assessment Points (n=200) and then the Compute Confusion Matrix Tool. For 2017-03-25 the overall accuracy (± 95% CI) was 0.91±0.04, 2017-08-29 was 0.88±0.04, 2020-10-31 was 0.93±0.03, 2022-03-23 was 0.96±0.03, and 2023-06-25 was 0.94±0.04. Values are provided in the CSV by class, extent ID, and date. BOLIVAR PENINSULA: For each date (2008-05-19, 2010-01-08, 2013-04-19, 2018-01-02, and 2022-01-21) georectified Google Earth imagery was converted to a GeoTIFF. For each date an unsupervised classification was performed on the GeoTIFFs within the two Hurricane Ike ROIs (main.BP_Ike_ROI) in ArcPro (v. 3.0.0) with 3 classes, a minimum class size of 20, and sample interval of 10. The three classes were visually interpreted into vegetation, sand, and water. A quality check was done with random points using the Create Accuracy Assessment Points (n=100) and then the Compute Confusion Matrix Tool. For 2008-05-19 the overall accuracy (± 95% CI) was 0.92±0.05, 2010-01-08 was 0.91±0.05, 2013-04-19 was 0.96±0.04, 2018-01-02 was 0.97±0.03, and 2022-01-21 was 0.95±0.04. FIRE ISLAND: For each date (2017-10-01, 2019-09-19, and 2021-04-04) georectified Google Earth imagery was converted to a GeoTIFF. For each date an unsupervised classification was performed on the GeoTIFFs within the Hurricane Sandy washout extents (main.FI_Sandy_Washover) in ArcPro (v. 3.0.0) with 2 classes, a minimum class size of 20, and sample interval of 10. The two classes were visually interpreted into vegetation, and sand. A quality check was done with random points using the Create Accuracy Assessment Points (n=200) and then the Compute Confusion Matrix Tool. For 2017-10-01 the overall accuracy (± 95% CI) was 0.89±0.04, 2019-09-19 was 0.88±0.04, and 2021-04-04 was 0.89±0.04. Process_Date: 2025 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jin-Si R. Over Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2297 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jover@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-polygon Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 653 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: WGS 1984 Web Mercator Auxiliary Sphere Mercator: Standard_Parallel: 0.0 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: 0.0 False_Easting: 0.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.6096 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.6096 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS84 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Over_and_Sherwood_Supp_Extents.gpkg Entity_Type_Definition: Table containing attribute information associated with the dataset; main.BP_Ike_ROI, main.FI_Sandy_Washover, main.NCB_Dorian_Washout, main.NCB_Dorian_Washout_Ponds, main.NCB_NCB_IslandPlatform_ROI, and main.SJI_Harvey_Washout. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: OBJECTID Attribute_Definition: Automatically generated non-repeating internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 460 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: polygon Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: A shape defined by one or more rings, where a ring is a path that starts and ends at the same point. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Esri GIS dictionary Attribute: Attribute_Label: Area_m2 Attribute_Definition: Geodesic area of polygon. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 6 Range_Domain_Maximum: 5,409,860 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: square meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Date Attribute_Definition: Date in YYYYMMDD corresponding to the initial imagery or orthomosaic the polygon was digitized from (see larger work citation for a table of dates and imagery sources). A NaN occurs if polygon is not generated off of a specific date. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Location Attribute_Definition: Abbreviated code of the geographic location of the polygons. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: NCB Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: North Core Banks Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: SJI Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: San Jose Island Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: BP Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Bolivar Peninsula Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: FI Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Fire Island Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: Hurricane Attribute_Definition: Name of the hurricane(s) associated with the polygon(s). If multiple hurricanes are associated, they are separated by a /. Attribute_Definition_Source: World Meteorological Organization Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Over_and_Sherwood_2025_Supp_VegetationCoverRaw.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Table containing attribute information and classification data. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Unique_ID Attribute_Definition: Generated non-repeating identification number. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 764 Attribute: Attribute_Label: ID Attribute_Definition: Identification Number for individual washout or washover extents in each Hurricane and location pair that repeats for multiple dates of analysis. NaN occurs in polygons that are not washout or washover extents. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 89 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Area_m2 Attribute_Definition: Geodesic area of polygon. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 46 Range_Domain_Maximum: 5,409,860 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: square meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Date Attribute_Definition: Date in YYYYMMDD corresponding to the imagery or orthomosaic the analysis was completed on (see journal Supporting Information) for a table of dates and imagery sources). Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Location Attribute_Definition: Abbreviated code of the geographic location of the analysis. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: NCB Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: North Core Banks Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: SJI Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: San Jose Island Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: BP Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Bolivar Peninsula Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: FI Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Fire Island Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: Hurricane Attribute_Definition: Name of the hurricane associated with the analysis. Attribute_Definition_Source: World Meteorological Organization Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Type Attribute_Definition: The type of feature or location being analyzed (see process steps and larger work citation for more detail). Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: ROI Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: A region of interest. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Washout Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: A digitized washout feature. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Washover Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: A digitized washover feature. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: Dense_Vegetation Attribute_Definition: Interpreted unsupervised landcover classification of vegetation with little to no clear patches between individual plants. A NaN value occurs if vegetation was not split between dense and sparse. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 9,853,569 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: pixels Attribute: Attribute_Label: Sparse_Vegetation Attribute_Definition: Interpreted unsupervised landcover classification of vegetation with clear patches between individual plants. A NaN value occurs if vegetation was not split between dense and sparse. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 6,380,229 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Vegetation Attribute_Definition: Interpreted unsupervised landcover classification of vegetation (may be the sum of the sparse and dense vegetation classes). Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 16,028,076 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: pixels Attribute: Attribute_Label: Sand Attribute_Definition: Interpreted unsupervised landcover classification of sand or bare ground with the assumed substrate of sand. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 91 Range_Domain_Maximum: 7,730,937 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: pixels Attribute: Attribute_Label: Water Attribute_Definition: Interpreted unsupervised landcover classification of water. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2,618,180 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: pixels Attribute: Attribute_Label: %_Cover Attribute_Definition: The vegetation cover for each extent calculated by dividing the Vegetation class by the sum of the Vegetation, Sand, and Water classes multiplied by 100. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.00 Range_Domain_Maximum: 88.97 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The GeoPackage contains individual feature classes, labeled as main.Location_Hurricane_Type, that are being used as boundaries for the classification analysis. Location and Hurricane are in the attribute tables and Type includes Washout, Washover, Washout ponds, and ROI. The OBJECTID in the GeoPackage feature classes corresponds to the ID attribute in the csv. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: USGS Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: The GeoPackage provides the extents to which hurricane outwash and overwash affected various coasts and are the geographic extent of the landcover classification results. These data support the journal article "Outwash events inhibit vegetation recovery and prolong coastal vulnerability". Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: GeoPackage file; service definition file Format_Version_Number: ArcPro 3.0.0 Format_Information_Content: The GeoPackage file which has the seven feature classes. Transfer_Size: 32 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/6705b0ccd34edddc3ed257c5 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/6705b0ccd34edddc3ed257c5 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1PGG57F Access_Instructions: The first link in the list above is to the child page where files can be downloaded individually, the second link is to directly download all the data on the page, and the third link is to the doi to the main publication. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: CSV Format_Version_Number: Exported from Excel Office 365 16.01 Format_Information_Content: The CSV file contains raw classification data. Transfer_Size: 0.02 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/6705b0ccd34edddc3ed257c5 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/6705b0ccd34edddc3ed257c5 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1PGG57F Access_Instructions: The first link in the list above is to the child page where files can be downloaded individually, the second link is to directly download all the data on the page, and the third link is to the doi to the main publication. Fees: none Technical_Prerequisites: The GeoPackage requires use of GIS software such as QGIS or ArcGIS Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20250611 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jin-Si R. Over Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2297 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time