Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Rachel E. Henderson Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Publication_Date: 20250922 Title: Intersect points used to calculate long-term (1800s-2010s) shoreline change rates for the Long Island Sound coastal region using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System version 5.1 Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P1TKEDFX Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1TKEDFX Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/67bfb0fbd34e8876fcbfc9d2 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Rachel E. Henderson Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Originator: Amy S. Farris Originator: Erika E. Lentz Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Publication_Date: 2025 Title: National Shoreline Change—A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data from the 1800s to the 2010s for the coast of Long Island Sound, New York and Connecticut Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P1TKEDFX Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: suggested citation: Henderson, R.E., Kratzmann, M.G., Farris, A.S., Lentz, E.E., and Himmelstoss, E.A., 2025, National Shoreline Change—A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data from the 1800s to the 2010s for the coast of Long Island Sound, New York and Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P1TKEDFX Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1TKEDFX Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/67586ac4d34ebb495ab01800 Description: Abstract: The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) maintains shoreline positions for the United States coasts from various historical sources, such as aerial photographs or topographic surveys, and contemporary sources, such as lidar-point clouds and digital elevation models. Shorelines are compiled in a GIS and analyzed in the USGS Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software to calculate rates of change. Keeping a record of historical shoreline positions is an effective method to monitor change over time, enabling scientists to identify areas most susceptible to erosion or accretion. These data can help coastal managers understand which areas of the coast are vulnerable to change. This data release, and other associated products, represents an expansion of the USGS national-scale shoreline database to include Long Island Sound (LIS) covering coastal areas in New York and Connecticut. The shoreline positions and shoreline change rates provide actionable information to homeowners, coastal communities, and managers of public and private properties to improve resiliency for coastal hazards in Long Island Sound. Purpose: This dataset consists of point data which are created by the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 5.1 at the intersection of shoreline and transect locations for the Long Island Sound coastal region. A reference baseline was used as the originating point for the orthogonal transects cast by the DSAS software. These point data contain identification information related to the DSAS transect (TransectID, TransOrder) as well as the shoreline (ShorelineID [date], Uncertainty). Measurement transects are cast by DSAS from the baseline to intersect shoreline vectors, and the intersect data provide location and time information used to calculate rates of change. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2025 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -73.817326 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -71.861418 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.342497 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.799049 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: Intersects Theme_Keyword: Intersect points Theme_Keyword: Transect Theme_Keyword: Shoreline Theme_Keyword: Shoreline Change Theme_Keyword: Digital Shoreline Analysis System Theme_Keyword: DSAS Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:67bfb0fbd34e8876fcbfc9d2 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Atlantic Coast Place_Keyword: Long Island Sound Place_Keyword: LIS Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: North America Place_Keyword: New York Place_Keyword: Connecticut Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: GNIS Place_Keyword: Long Island Sound Place_Keyword: State of New York Place_Keyword: State of Connecticut Access_Constraints: No access constraints. Please see 'Distribution Information' for details. Use_Constraints: These data are marked with a Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal License. These data are in the public domain and do not have any use constraints. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. These data were automatically generated using the DSAS v5.1 software application. Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. These data are not to be used for navigation. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Rachel E. Henderson Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rehenderson@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/67bfb0fbd34e8876fcbfc9d2?name=LIS_intersects_LT.jpg&allowOpen=true Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Map view of data, yellow markers indicate the linear extent of intersect data for long-term calculations of shoreline change. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 11 Enterprise; Esri ArcGIS Desktop 10.8.2 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Originator: Amy S. Farris Originator: Rachel E. Henderson Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Originator: Ayhan Ergul Originator: Ouya Zhang Originator: Jessica L. Zichichi Originator: E. Robert Thieler Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Digital Shoreline Analysis System (version 5.1): U.S. Geological Survey Software Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: software release Issue_Identification: version 5.1 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Use the first link to access the version of the software used (v5.1). The second link is to the current version of DSAS (v6.0). The third link directs to the DSAS project page. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VW42I0 Online_Linkage: https://code.usgs.gov/cch/dsas/ Online_Linkage: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc/science/digital-shoreline-analysis-system-dsas Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Originator: Rachel E. Henderson Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Originator: Amy S. Farris Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Digital Shoreline Analysis System (version 5.1) User Guide Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2021-1091 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Use the first link to access the user guide. The second link directs to the DSAS project page. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211091 Online_Linkage: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc/science/digital-shoreline-analysis-system-dsas Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The attributes of this dataset are based on the field requirements of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System and were automatically generated by the software during the generation of the intersects layer. Logical_Consistency_Report: These data were generated using DSAS, an automated software program, which does not perform checks for fidelity of the input features. Following generation of the rates and intersects by the DSAS software a visual inspection of the intersects was performed in map view to determine that no unwanted measurements were included in the desired (long- or short-term) shoreline change analysis. Completeness_Report: This dataset contains all the shoreline/transect intersects used to compute rates in the DSAS v5.1 software application. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The intersection points represent the location where transects cast by the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software cross a historical shoreline position. They can be used to visually display which shorelines were used in the rate calculations and capture details on the shoreline represented by the intersection. The distances between the reference baseline and each shoreline intersection along a transect are used by the DSAS software to compute the shoreline change metrics. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Rachel E. Henderson Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Publication_Date: 2025 Title: Baseline for the Long Island Sound coastal region generated to calculate shoreline change rates using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System version 5.1 in Henderson, R.E., Kratzmann, M.G., Farris, A.S., Lentz, E.E., and Himmelstoss, E.A., 2025, National Shoreline Change—A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data from the 1800s to the 2010s for the coast of Long Island Sound, New York and Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P1TKEDFX Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P1TKEDFX Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Other_Citation_Details: The first link is to the larger work, the second is to the baseline dataset. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1TKEDFX Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/67bfb09cd34e8876fcbfc9cc Type_of_Source_Media: digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2025 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: LIS_baseline Source_Contribution: Baseline segments (part of this same data release https://doi.org/10.5066/P1TKEDFX) are used by DSAS to cast transects from which shoreline changes can be measured. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Rachel E. Henderson Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Publication_Date: 2025 Title: Shorelines for the Long Island Sound coastal region used in shoreline change analysis: Connecticut (1883-2016) and New York (1931-2014) in Henderson, R.E., Kratzmann, M.G., Farris, A.S., Lentz, E.E., and Himmelstoss, E.A., 2025, National Shoreline Change—A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data from the 1800s to the 2010s for the coast of Long Island Sound, New York and Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P1TKEDFX Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P1TKEDFX Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Other_Citation_Details: The first link is to the larger work, the second is to the shorelines dataset. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1TKEDFX Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/67bfb060d34e8876fcbfc9c9 Type_of_Source_Media: digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2025 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: LIS_shorelines Source_Contribution: Shoreline data for Long Island Sound (part of this same data release https://doi.org/10.5066/P1TKEDFX). Note the range of shoreline dates will vary by location. Process_Step: Process_Description: Overview of the workflow used to calculate shoreline change rates and intersection points as part of the Long Island Sound (LIS) shoreline change analysis using DSAS v5.1: 1) Transects were created at 50 meter spacing along shore using a manually created baseline, and shorelines compiled for Long Island Sound (see source citations); 2) Transect features and shorelines were used to generate shoreline intersection points and calculate rates of change; 3) Manual edits performed; 4) Data exported to shapefiles and; 5) Data updated to geographic WGS. Unless otherwise noted, process steps were performed by Rachel E. Henderson. Process_Date: 2025 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Rachel E. Henderson Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rehenderson@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: 1) DSAS v5.1 was used to create interim transect features (stored in a personal geodatabase) to calculate short-term (ST) shoreline change . DSAS input parameters used: shoreline layer = LIS_Shorelines, baseline layer= LIS_Baseline, baseline group field=DSAS_group, transect spacing=50 meters, search distance=300 meters, shoreline intersection=seaward. Files produced and saved to personal geodatabase = LIS_Trans_LT. Some transects were manually edited for length, moved, or deleted in an edit session using standard editing tools in ArcMap v10.8.2. For additional details on these parameters, please see the DSAS User Guide or visit the USGS website at: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc/science/digital-shoreline-analysis-system-dsas. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: LIS_baseline Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: LIS_shorelines Process_Date: 2025 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: LIS_Trans_LT Process_Step: Process_Description: 2) Long-term (LT) shoreline change rate calculations performed for Long Island Sound (LIS): To calculate short-term shoreline change rates, shorelines from the years 1984 to 2016 (NY: 1984-2014, 30 years; CT: 1984-2016, 32 years) were utilized with the DSAS generated transects to create shoreline intersect points and shoreline change calculations stored as rate transects. Depending on the available data, the shoreline intersects used for analysis may include those referenced to the datum-based mean high water (MHW), or a proxy-based feature such as the high water line (HWL) or wet-dry line (WDL). Input parameters used: shoreline layer= LIS_Shorelines, shoreline date field=Date_, shoreline uncertainty field name=Uncy, the default accuracy=10 meters, shoreline intersection=seaward, transect layer= LIS_Trans_LT, stats calculations=all, shoreline threshold=0, confidence interval=90%. Files produced and saved to personal geodatabase = LIS_Trans_LT_rates, LIS_Trans_LT_intersects. NOTE: All shorelines have an uncertainty value listed in the attribute table that provides the horizontal uncertainty associated with the shoreline, regardless of the method used. The shoreline database contains both MHW and HWL shorelines. For additional information, please see the DSAS help file distributed with the DSAS software, or visit the USGS website at: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc/science/digital-shoreline-analysis-system-dsas Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: LIS_Trans_LT Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: LIS_shorelines Process_Date: 2025 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: LIS_Trans_LT_rates Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: LIS_Trans_LT_intersects Process_Step: Process_Description: 3) Manual editing with Google Earth and other orthophoto mosaics were used to identify areas of sandy shoreline and remove transects/intersects (using basic ArcMap editing tools) from analysis in areas of rocky or bedrock coastlines, and some areas with significant anthropogenic modification. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: LIS_Trans_LT_intersects Process_Date: 2025 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: LIS_Trans_LT_intersects Process_Step: Process_Description: 4) The intersect feature class was exported to a shapefile in ArcMap v10.8 by right-clicking the transect layer > data > export data. File renamed LIS_intersects_LT. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: LIS_Trans_LT_intersects Process_Date: 2025 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: LIS_intersects_LT Process_Step: Process_Description: 5) The exported intersect shapefile was projected in ArcGIS Pro v3.5.57366 > Geoprocessing > Data Management Tools > Project. Parameters: input projection - NAD83 UTM zone 18N ; output projection- geographic coordinates (WGS 84); transformation = WGS_1984_(ITRF00)_To_NAD_1983. Process_Date: 2025 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Meredith G. Kratzmann Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mkratzmann@contractor.usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 34081 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.0000001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.0000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: LIS_intersects_LT.shp Entity_Type_Definition: The intersection points are generated by DSAS where each DSAS generated transect crosses a shoreline. These intersection points represent the shorelines used to compute long-term shoreline change rates in Long Island Sound (LIS). Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number used as a unique identifier of an object within a table primarily used in shapefiles. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Feature type. Attribute: Attribute_Label: TransectID Attribute_Definition: The TransectID relates directly to the original transect file Object Identifier, ObjectID or OID Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 6348 Attribute: Attribute_Label: TransOrder Attribute_Definition: Assigned by DSAS based on ordering of transects along the baseline. Used to sort transect data along the baseline from baseline start to baseline end. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 6335 Attribute: Attribute_Label: BaselineID Attribute_Definition: Values in this field correlate to the baseline attribute field ID and are assigned by DSAS to identify the baseline segment used to generate the measurement transect. Baseline segments assigned an ID = 0 are ignored by DSAS and no transects will be cast along those line segments. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 64 Attribute: Attribute_Label: ShorelineI Attribute_Definition: Date of shoreline position; date of survey as determined from shoreline layer. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Date of the shoreline in mm/dd/yyyy Attribute: Attribute_Label: Distance Attribute_Definition: The distance in meters between the DSAS reference baseline and the shoreline intersection point along a DSAS transect. Decimal values may be positive or negative, which is used to indicate landward (negative) or seaward (positive) direction from baseline origin. As the LIS baseline is offshore, all values will be negative. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -363.572415 Range_Domain_Maximum: -6.342744 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: IntersectX Attribute_Definition: The X-coordinate location in eastings of the intersect point in NAD83 UTM 18N. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 599688.617009 Range_Domain_Maximum: 762677.666469 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: IntersectY Attribute_Definition: The Y-coordinate location in northings of the intersect point in NAD83 UTM 18N. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 4517198.35671 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4581366.66673 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Uncertaint Attribute_Definition: The uncertainty of the shoreline position represented by the intersect point, as defined by the positional uncertainty attribute value (Uncy) of the shoreline dataset. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.57 Range_Domain_Maximum: 11.7 Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the intersects needed to calculate long-term shoreline change rates for Long Island Sound. Please review the individual attribute descriptions for detailed information. All calculations for length are in meter units and were based on the UTM zone 18N NAD83 projection. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - GS ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: The dataset contains the point intersections used for the analysis of shoreline data (SHP and other shapefile components), browse graphic, and the FGDC CSDGM metadata. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS Pro version 3.5.57366 Format_Specification: Esri point shapefile (compressed to ZIP format) Format_Information_Content: These files (.cpg, .dbf, .prj, .sbn, .sbx, .shp, .html, and .shx) are a collection of files with a common filename prefix and must be downloaded and stored in the same directory. Together they are the components of the shapefile and include FGDC CSDGM-compliant metadata in HTML format. Transfer size is in MB. File_Decompression_Technique: Unzip Transfer_Size: 1.46 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1TKEDFX Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/67bfb0fbd34e8876fcbfc9d2 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/67bfb0fbd34e8876fcbfc9d2 Access_Instructions: The first link is to the USGS publication page, the second link downloads all the data on the landing page, and the third link is to the dataset landing page. Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: These data are available in a point shapefile format. The user must have software to read and process the data components of a shapefile. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20250922 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Meredith G. Kratzmann Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time