Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Rachel E. Henderson Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Originator: Amy S. Farris Publication_Date: 20250922 Title: Shorelines for the Long Island Sound coastal region used in shoreline change analysis: Connecticut (1883-2016) and New York (1931-2014) Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P1TKEDFX Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1TKEDFX Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/67bfb060d34e8876fcbfc9c9 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Rachel E. Henderson Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Originator: Amy S. Farris Originator: Erika E. Lentz Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Publication_Date: 2025 Title: National Shoreline Change—A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data from the 1800s to the 2010s for the coast of Long Island Sound, New York and Connecticut Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P1TKEDFX Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: suggested citation: Henderson, R.E., Kratzmann, M.G., Farris, A.S., Lentz, E.E., and Himmelstoss, E.A., 2025, National Shoreline Change—A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data from the 1800s to the 2010s for the coast of Long Island Sound, New York and Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P1TKEDFX Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1TKEDFX Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/67586ac4d34ebb495ab01800 Description: Abstract: The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) maintains shoreline positions for the United States coasts from various historical sources, such as aerial photographs or topographic surveys, and contemporary sources, such as lidar-point clouds and digital elevation models. Shorelines are compiled in a geographic informaitoin system (GIS) and analyzed in the USGS Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software to calculate rates of change. Keeping a record of historical shoreline positions is an effective method to monitor change over time, enabling scientists to identify areas most susceptible to erosion or accretion. These data can help coastal managers understand which areas of the coast are vulnerable to change. This data release, and other associated products, represents an expansion of the USGS national-scale shoreline database to include Long Island Sound (LIS) covering coastal areas in New York and Connecticut. The shoreline positions and shoreline change rates provide actionable information to homeowners, coastal communities, and managers of public and private properties to improve resiliency for coastal hazards in Long Island Sound. Purpose: This dataset includes shoreline positions compiled from existing and new data sources for Long Island Sound (LIS) in New York and Connecticyt from the 1800s to the 2010s. Historical shorelines were compiled from a variety of sources including NOAA Topographic Survey Sheets (T-sheets), aerial photography, and lidar data. New York (NY): New York shorelines span 83 years ranging from 1931 to 2014. Shorelines were compiled from NOAA T-sheets, aerial photography (NOAA Continually Updated Shoreline Product (CUSP)), and lidar (USGS, NOAA, Capital Region Council of Governments (CRCOG), New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC), and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)). Connecticut (CT): Connecticut shorelines span 133 years ranging from 1883 to 2016. Shorelines were compiled from topographic survey sheets (NOAA, University of Connecticut (UCONN)) and lidar (USGS, NOAA, UCONN, CRCOG, USACE, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)). New York and Connecticut shoreline datasets were merged into one shapefile for Long Island Sound. Historical shoreline positions serve as easily understood features that can be used to describe the movement of beaches through time. Long-term (LT) and short-term (ST) shoreline change rates were generated using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 5.1. DSAS uses a measurement baseline method to calculate rate-of-change statistics. Transects are cast from the reference baseline to intersect each shoreline, establishing measurement points used to calculate shoreline change rates. Supplemental_Information: Cross-referenced citations are applicable to the dataset as a whole. Additional citations are located within individual process steps that pertain specifically to the method described in that step. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1883 Ending_Date: 2016 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -73.817423 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -71.852907 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.343788 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.787171 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: environment Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: Shoreline Theme_Keyword: Shoreline Change Theme_Keyword: Digital Shoreline Analysis System Theme_Keyword: DSAS Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Theme_Keyword: NOAA Theme_Keyword: Environmental Protection Agency Theme_Keyword: EPA Theme_Keyword: Mean High Water Theme_Keyword: MHW Theme_Keyword: High Water Line Theme_Keyword: Historical Shorelines Theme_Keyword: Lidar data Theme_Keyword: Digital Elevation Model Theme_Keyword: DEM Theme_Keyword: Point cloud data Theme_Keyword: Compressed lidar data format Theme_Keyword: LAZ Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS thesaurus Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:67bfb060d34e8876fcbfc9c9 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Atlantic Coast Place_Keyword: Long Island Sound Place_Keyword: LIS Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: North America Place_Keyword: New York Place_Keyword: Connecticut Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: GNIS Place_Keyword: Long Island Sound Place_Keyword: State of New York Place_Keyword: State of Connecticut Access_Constraints: No access constraints. Please see 'Distribution Information' for details. Use_Constraints: These data are marked with a Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal License. These data are in the public domain and do not have any use constraints. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. These data are not to be used for navigation. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Rachel E. Henderson Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rehenderson@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/67bfb060d34e8876fcbfc9c9?name=LIS_shorelines.jpg&allowOpen=true Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Map view of data, blue line indicates the linear extent of the shorelines. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 11 Enterprise; Esri ArcGIS Desktop 10.8.2 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Originator: Amy S. Farris Originator: Rachel E. Henderson Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Originator: Ayhan Ergul Originator: Ouya Zhang Originator: Jessica L. Zichichi Originator: E. Robert Thieler Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Digital Shoreline Analysis System (version 5.1): U.S. Geological Survey Software Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: software release Issue_Identification: version 5.1 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Use the first link to access the version of the software used (v5.1). The second link is to the current version of DSAS (v6.0). The third link directs to the DSAS project page. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VW42I0 Online_Linkage: https://code.usgs.gov/cch/dsas/ Online_Linkage: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc/science/digital-shoreline-analysis-system-dsas Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Originator: Rachel E. Henderson Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Originator: Amy S. Farris Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Digital Shoreline Analysis System (version 5.1) User Guide Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2021-1091 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Use the first link to access the user guide. The second link directs to the DSAS project page. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211091 Online_Linkage: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc/science/digital-shoreline-analysis-system-dsas Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Peter Ruggiero Originator: Jeffrey H. List Publication_Date: 200909 Title: Improving Accuracy and Statistical Reliability of Shoreline Position and Change Rate Estimates Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of Coastal Research Issue_Identification: vol. 255 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: n/a Publisher: Coastal Education and Research Foundation Other_Citation_Details: pp. 1069-1081 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2112/08-1051.1 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Amy S. Farris Originator: Kathryn M. Weber Originator: Kara S. Doran Originator: Jeffrey H. List Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Comparing methods used by the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program for deriving shoreline position from lidar data Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2018–1121 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: suggested citation: Farris, A.S., Weber, K.M., Doran, K.S., and List, J.H., 2018, Comparing methods used by the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program for deriving shoreline position from lidar data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1121, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181121 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181121 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Kathryn M. Weber Originator: Jeffrey H. List Originator: Karen L.M. Morgan Publication_Date: 2005 Title: An operational mean high water datum for determination of shoreline position from topographic lidar data Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2005-1027 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051027 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The data provided here are a compilation of shorelines from multiple sources, spanning approximately 130 years. The attributes are based on the requirements of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software and have gone through a series of quality assurance procedures. Logical_Consistency_Report: Adjacent shoreline segments do not overlap and are not necessarily continuous. Shorelines were quality checked for accuracy. Any slight offsets between adjacent segments due to georeferencing and digitizing error are taken into account in the uncertainty of the shoreline position, as reported in the horizontal accuracy section of this metadata file. Completeness_Report: This shoreline file is complete and contains all shoreline segments used to calculate shoreline change rates along sections of the Long Island Sound coastal region where shoreline position data were available. These data adequately represented the shoreline position at the time of the survey. Gaps in these data, if applicable, are a consequence of non-existing data or existing data that did not meet quality assurance standards. The digitized shoreline vectors downloaded from NOAA included attributes defining the shoreline type (see the entity attributes section of this metadata file under field name ATTRIBUTE). Other shoreline features (such as seawalls, bulkheads, jetties, upriver segments) were, for the most part, deleted. Some historically marsh-backed areas that were otherwise classified as sandy beach were preserved for this analysis. As this dataset represents an expansion of the National Shoreline Change effort into an area of highly variable geomorphology with significant areas of development, please take care when assessing the individual transect rates and measurements and consider the local geology/geomorphology in all cases. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The horizontal accuracy of the shoreline data varies with respect to the data source from which the shorelines were digitized, the lidar data from which the shorelines were extracted, and the time period, and the method used to extract the shoreine data. T-sheet Shoreline Positional Uncertainty: Shorelines prior to 1960 (T-sheets) have an estimated positional uncertainty of plus or minus 10.8 meters (m). Shorelines from the 1960s-1980s (T-sheets) have an estimated positional uncertainty of plus or minus 5.1 m. Contour Shoreline Positional Uncertainty: We accounted for four sources of uncertainty in the contour method: 1) The vertical uncertainty of the lidar data (0.05 - 0.11 m) as found in the original lidar source metadata; 2) a mean high water (MHW) uncertainty of 0.15m to account for our simplified use an average MHW values for sections of Long Island Sound when in reality MHW continuously varies around Long Island Sound; 3) the horizontal uncertainty due to the cell size or point spacing of the DEM or point cloud (0.5 - 3.0 m) and 4) the horizontal uncertainty of the lidar data (0.3-1.0 m). Since the first two sources of uncertainty are vertical measurements, we converted both of them to a horizontal uncertainty using the beach slope. The beach slope was found by averaging all slope values calculated from the lidar profile shorelines (see process steps for a description). We divided both of the vertical uncertainty terms by the average beach slope (expressed as rise/run) in order to get the horizontal component of the two vertical uncertainty terms. In order to estimate the total horizontal uncertainty, the four, now horizontal, components of uncertainty were added in quadrature. These values are stored in the attribute tableas "Uncy". The average uncertainty, in meters, for the contour shorelines are as follows: CT 2004 = 3.2 m CT 2006 = 2.0 m CT 2012 = 1.6 m CT 2016 = 1.6 m NY-CT 2011 = 2.1 m NY 2012 = 2.1 m NY 2012 Post Sandy WEST = 2.2 m NY 2012 Post Sandy EAST = 1.8 m NY 2014 = 1.8 m Profile shoreline extraction was completed for three datasets (CT 2012, NY 2014 and, CT 2016). Not all profile shoreline segments were used for shoreline change analysis. In cases where coverage of contour shoreline and profile shoreline had overlapping coverage, only one shoreline was used for the final shoreline dataset. See shoreline attribute “Source_b” for determination of shoreline method used. Profile Shoreline Positional Uncertainty: We accounted for four sources of uncertainty in the profile method:: 1) the 95% confidence interval on the linear regression estimate of the shoreline position; 2) the uncertainty associated with the elevation of the raw lidar data and; 3) the uncertainty due to extrapolation. These three components of uncertainty were added in quadrature to yield a total error for each shoreline point. These errors were averaged for each profile shoreline segment (up to 2 kilometers). The range of uncertainty the profile shorelines used is 0.57 to 4.9 m, with an average of 2.17 m. See the data field UNCY for individual shoreline uncertainties. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS) Publication_Date: Unknown Title: Scanned National Ocean Service (NOS) Coastal Survey Maps (also known as Topographic Survey sheets, or T-sheets) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital dataset Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Washington, D.C. Publisher: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Other_Citation_Details: T-sheet and shoreline data from the 1930s to the 1980s were downloaded in 2023. NOAA 1800s-era T-sheets and shorelines were also downloaded but did not pass quality assurance standards and were not used in the analysis. Online_Linkage: https://nsde.ngs.noaa.gov/# Type_of_Source_Media: digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1931 Ending_Date: 1984 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: T-sheet shorelines Source_Contribution: T-sheets used for QA/QC of NOAA-digitized 1930s-1980s shorelines and/or used as data source to digitize shorelines. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kevin O’Brien Originator: Joel Stocker Originator: Juliana Barrett Originator: Bruce Hyde Publication_Date: 2014 Title: Analysis of Shoreline Change in Connecticut Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital dataset Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Storrs, CT Publisher: University of Connecticut (UCONN) Other_Citation_Details: Shorelines from the 1800s published by UCONN were included in the dataset for the state of CT only. The study was a cooperative effort between the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP), the Connecticut Sea Grant (CT Sea Grant), and the University of Connecticut Center for Land Use Education and Research (UCONN-CLEAR). The shorelines were obtained directly from the authors as the website links were broken at the time of request (March 2022). Online_Linkage: https://shorelinechange.uconn.edu/ Online_Linkage: http://shorelinechange.media.uconn.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/1897/2016/09/2014_CT_ShorelineChange.pdf Type_of_Source_Media: digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1883 Ending_Date: 1887 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: CT 1800s UCONN Source_Contribution: Shorelines for CT 1883-1887 included in the analysis. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Office for Coastal Management (NOAA/OCM) Publication_Date: 20060814 Title: 2004 Connecticut Coastline Lidar Mapping Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital dataset Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: Office for Coastal Management Other_Citation_Details: Point cloud data were downloaded for the entire area of coverage from New Haven to Old Saybrook, CT. Downloaded 05/01/2024. Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=20 Online_Linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/48168 Type_of_Source_Media: digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20041008 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: CT 2004 PTS Source_Contribution: The elevation data were downloaded as a point cloud (.laz) for extraction of datum-based shoreline (profile/contour). Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS) Publication_Date: Unknown Title: NOAA NGS Continually Updated Shoreline Product (CUSP) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital dataset Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: Office for Coastal Management Other_Citation_Details: CUSP (N40W075) shoreline for 09/06/2005 derived from aerial photography. Data downloaded 2024. Site accessed 9/15/2025. Online_Linkage: https://nsde.ngs.noaa.gov/ Online_Linkage: https://inport.nmfs.noaa.gov/inport/item/60812 Type_of_Source_Media: digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 2004 Ending_Date: 2006 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 2004-2006 CUSP shorelines Source_Contribution: The NOAA CUSP shoreline was used to supplement locations where fewer than 3 shorelines were available for analysis. In areas where sufficient data (historical and lidar) were available, CUSP was not used. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and NOAA Office for Coastal Management Publication_Date: 20130401 Title: 2006 Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Topographic LiDAR: Connecticut Coastline Survey Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital dataset Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: Office for Coastal Management Other_Citation_Details: DEM data were downloaded for the entire area of coverage from Port Chester, NY to Pawcatuck, CT with a large data gap in the area of Old Saybrook, CT. Downloaded 2-meter DEM. Projection was NAD 1983 UTM Zone 18N referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). Data accessed and downloaded 05/01/2024. Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=1468 Online_Linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/49654 Type_of_Source_Media: digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20061216 Ending_Date: 20061218 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: CT 2006 DEM Source_Contribution: The elevation data were downloaded as DEM tiles for extraction of datum-based shoreline (profile/contour). Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: US Army Corps Of Engineers (USACE) and NOAA Office for Coastal Management Publication_Date: 20130101 Title: 2012 USACE Post Sandy Topographic LiDAR: Coastal Connecticut Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital dataset Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: Office for Coastal Management Other_Citation_Details: DEM data were downloaded for the entire area of coverage from Port Chester, NY to Pawcatuck, CT. Downloaded 1-meter DEM. Projection was NAD 1983 UTM Zone 18N referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). Data accessed and downloaded 05/01/2024. Dataset credit: USACE, St. Louis District. Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=1434 Online_Linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/49607 Type_of_Source_Media: digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20121114 Ending_Date: 20121116 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: CT 2012 DEM Source_Contribution: The elevation data were downloaded as DEM tiles for extraction of datum-based shoreline (profile/contour). Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Capital Region Council of Governments (CRCOG) and NOAA Office for Coastal Management Publication_Date: 20171020 Title: 2016 CRCOG Lidar: Connecticut Statewide Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital dataset Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: Office for Coastal Management Other_Citation_Details: Point cloud data were downloaded for the entire area of coverage from Port Chester, NY to Pawcatuck, CT. Downloaded 05/01/2024. Online_Linkage: https://noaa-nos-coastal-lidar-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/laz/geoid18/8392/index.html Online_Linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/49615 Type_of_Source_Media: digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20160322 Ending_Date: 20160331 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: CT 2016 PTS Source_Contribution: The elevation data were downloaded as a point cloud (.laz) for extraction of datum-based shoreline (profile/contour). Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 20130501 Title: 2011 USGS Lidar: Northeast (NY to ME) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital dataset Other_Citation_Details: Point cloud data were downloaded for areas of New York from Oyster Bay to Kings Point, and for Connecticut from Port Chester to Stratford Point. Downloaded 05/01/2024. Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=2524 Online_Linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/49844 Type_of_Source_Media: digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20101211 Ending_Date: 20110325 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: CT-NY 2011 PTS Source_Contribution: The elevation data were downloaded as a point cloud (.laz) for extraction of datum-based shoreline (profile/contour). Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Capital Region Council of Governments and NOAA Office for Coastal Management Publication_Date: 20121101 Title: 2011 - 2012 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) Lidar: Coastal New York (Long Island and along the Hudson River) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital dataset Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: Office for Coastal Management Other_Citation_Details: Point cloud data were downloaded for Port Chester, NY to Pawcatuck, CT. (Coverage not downloaded includes other portions of Long Island, NY) Downloaded 05/01/2024. Data set credit: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=1408 Online_Linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/49888 Type_of_Source_Media: digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20111126 Ending_Date: 20120407 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NY 2012 PTS Source_Contribution: The elevation data were downloaded as a point cloud (.laz) for extraction of datum-based shoreline (profile/contour). Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: US Army Corps Of Engineers (USACE) and NOAA Office for Coastal Management Publication_Date: 20130501 Title: 2012 USACE NCMP Lidar: Post-Sandy (NJ, NY) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital dataset Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: Office for Coastal Management Other_Citation_Details: DEM data were downloaded for the area of coverage from Port Chester, NY to Oyster Bay, NY. Downloaded 2-meter DEM. Projection was NAD 1983 UTM Zone 18N referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). Data set credit: US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise (JALBTCX). Data downloaded 5/2024. Site accessed 9/15/2025. Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=2478 Online_Linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/50096 Type_of_Source_Media: digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20121116 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NY EAST 2012 DEM Source_Contribution: The elevation data were downloaded as DEM tiles for extraction of datum-based shoreline (profile/contour). Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: US Army Corps Of Engineers (USACE) and NOAA Office for Coastal Management Publication_Date: 20130501 Title: 2012 USACE NCMP Post-Sandy Topobathy Lidar: Long Island, NY Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital dataset Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: Office for Coastal Management Other_Citation_Details: DEM data were downloaded for portions of Long Island near Mattituck and Orient Point, NY. Downloaded 1-meter DEM. Projection was NAD 1983 UTM Zone 18N referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). Data set credit: US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise (JALBTCX). Data downloaded 5/2024. Site accessed 9/15/2025. Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=9427 Online_Linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/49608 Type_of_Source_Media: digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20121114 Ending_Date: 20121115 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NY WEST 2012 DEM Source_Contribution: The elevation data were downloaded as DEM tiles for extraction of datum-based shoreline (profile/contour). Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: US Army Corps Of Engineers (USACE) and NOAA Office for Coastal Management Publication_Date: 20130501 Title: 2014 USGS CMGP Lidar: Post Sandy (Long Island, NY) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital dataset Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: Office for Coastal Management Other_Citation_Details: Point cloud data were downloaded for Port Washington, NY to Orient Point, NY. (Coverage not downloaded includes other portions of Long Island, NY) Downloaded 05/01/2024. Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=4938 Online_Linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/49890 Type_of_Source_Media: digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20121114 Ending_Date: 20121115 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NY 2014 PTS Source_Contribution: The elevation data were downloaded as a point cloud (.laz) for extraction of datum-based shoreline (profile/contour). Process_Step: Process_Description: Historical shoreline data for Long Island Sound were downloaded from NOAA along with corresponding T-sheets for quality checking and editing the digitized shorelines. Shoreline data from T-sheets are proxy-based shorelines that represent the high-water line (HWL) at the time of survey. T-sheet shorelines were downloaded from the NOAA Shoreline Data Explorer at: https://nsde.ngs.noaa.gov/# Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: T-sheet shorelines Process_Date: 2023 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: USGS T-sheet shorelines Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Meredith Kratzmann Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mkratzmann@contractor.usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Overview of the methods used to extract shoreline features from lidar data for Long Island Sound (CT and NY): In this data release, two methods of shoreline extraction from lidar were used: the contour method and the profile method. Both methods use the Mean High Water (MHW) elevation for shoreline extraction. The contour method was the primary method in the shoreline extraction process. Described in Farris and others (2018), the contour method extracts the elevation of average MHW value from DEM data using the ArcGIS Pro tool Contour List with the MHW value chosen for the contour. Also described in Farris and others (2018), the profile method produces a datum-based mean high water (MHW) shoreline. The profile method extracts the MHW shoreline point from the lidar point cloud data, using a cross shore transect in a MATLAB-based approach. These shorelines are polyline shapefiles that may be referred to as "profile shorelines" or "contour shorelines" in this metadata document to distinguish extraction methods, but note they are both lidar-derived. Process_Date: 2023 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Rachel E. Henderson Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rehenderson@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The MHW values for Long Island Sound were calculated using NOAA’s VDatum tool (version 4.1.2; https://vdatum.noaa.gov/) to model the regional surface using local MHW values based on the NAVD88 vertical datum. The MHW value ranges in Long Island Sound from 0.25 m to 1.15 m NAVD88 increasing in range from east to west. To keep the regionally averaged MHW value within 0.15 m of the actual MHW value, the area of Long Island Sound needed to be divided into different MHW zones. The following values were used calculate an average MHW for each described zone. All values are meters above NAVD88: Westerly, RI to Old Saybrook, CT average MHW used = 0.4 Old Saybrook, CT to New Haven, CT average MHW used = 0.7 New Haven, CT to Rye, NY average MHW used = 1.0 White Plains, NY to Port Jefferson Harbor, NY average MHW used = 1.0 Port Jefferson Harbor, NY to Mattituck Inlet, NY average MHW used = 0.88 Mattituck Inlet, NY to Orient Point, NY average MHW used = 0.62 Process_Date: 2023 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Amy S. Farris Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: afarris@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The following information applies to shorelines extracted using the profile method (Farris and others, 2018), as indicated in the “Source” attribute of the final dataset and includes the years 2016 (CT), 2014 (NY), 2012 (CT). The profile method used to extract the operational MHW shoreline from the lidar point cloud data utilizing the MATLAB-based approach (MATLAB version 2019b) is described in Farris and others (2018). The profile method used a coast-following reference line with 20-meter spaced profiles. All lidar data points that were within 1 meter of each profile line were associated with that profile. All processing was done on the 2-meter-wide profiles, working on a single profile at a time. For each profile, a linear regression was fit through data points on the foreshore and the regression was evaluated at the MHW elevation to yield the cross-shore position of the MHW shoreline. If there was a data gap at MHW or if the MHW elevation was obscured by water points, the linear regression was simply extrapolated to the MHW elevation. For each profile, the foreshore beach slope was defined as the slope of the regression line. This slope information is combined for all surveys and used to calculate uncertainty for profile- and contour-derived shorelines. Each MHW shoreline point that was extracted using this profile method has an uncertainty associated with it. This uncertainty includes four components: 1) the 95% confidence interval on the linear regression estimate of the shoreline position; 2) the vertical error of the raw lidar data as reported in the metadata; 3) a 15 cm vertical error in our chosen value of MHW, and; 4) the uncertainty due to extrapolation (if the shoreline was determined using extrapolation). These four components of uncertainty were added in quadrature to yield a total error for each shoreline point. See the shoreline attribute UNCY for individual values. Additional datasets were extracted using this method (CT 2012 PTS, NY 2014 PTS) and the slope information was used for uncertainty calculations. However, in further processing (see process step to combine profile and contour shorelines), the contour shorelines were found to have better coverage and were used for the final dataset. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: CT 2012 PTS Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: CT 2016 PTS Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NY 2014 PTS Process_Date: 2023 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: CT 2012 profile shoreline Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: CT 2016 profile shoreline Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: NY 2014 profile shoreline Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Amy S. Farris Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: afarris@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The following information applies to the shorelines extracted using the contour method (Farris and others, 2018) as indicated in the “Source” attribute of the final dataset and includes the years 2016 (CT), 2014 (NY), 2012 (CT, NY), 2011 (CT, NY), 2010 (CT), 2006 (CT). In some cases shorelines were extracted using both the profile and contour methods, and were combined in later processing. The following two steps outline the process for extraction using the contour method to extract the operational MHW shoreline from 1) the lidar point cloud (.laz) and 2) digital elevation model (raster .tif) datasets. This and the following steps were performed by the same person: Rachel E. Henderson Process_Date: 2024 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Rachel E. Henderson Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rehenderson@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: For contours extracted from point cloud data the following method was used: 1) Organized .laz files into groups based on the MHW value defined for the region (see MHW values for Long Island Sound). 2) Extracted point cloud data: The ArcGIS Pro tool “Convert LAS” was used to batch convert compressed lidar point cloud data (.laz) to a LAS dataset (LASD) dataset. In some cases, conversion to a LASD was a separate step, using the ArcGIS Pro tool “Create LAS Dataset.” a. Right-clicked on “Convert LAS” in tool list and selected “Batch” b. Chose batch parameter as “Input LAS” and accepted default to “make temporary batch tool” then clicked Next c. Batch input – navigated to and selected all .laz files d. Target folder set to save .las files e. File version: same as input f. Point format: (left blank) g. LAS options – unchecked “rearrange points” h. Output LAS Dataset: Created a new file name combining all the extracted LAS files into ONE dataset. i. Once created, verified that all the correct tiles were present (compared to index). Sometimes, individual LAS datasets were added using the LAS Dataset Layer > Data > “Add file” 3) Converted files from GCS to UTM: Used ArcGIS Pro tool “Extract LAS” specifying in “environments” to save the output to the correct UTM zone (18N). Output saved to a new LASD. 4) Created contours: ArcGIS Pro tool “Surface Contour.” a. Output Feature Class: navigated to target folder to save contours b. Contour interval: 100 c. Base contour: the value of MHW to be extracted (see MHW values for Long Island Sound) d. Contour Field: contour (default) e. Contour field precision: 2 f. Index interval: blank or divisible by contour interval: 200 g. Index Interval field: default h. Z factor: 1 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: CT 2004 PTS Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: CT 2016 PTS Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: CT-NY 2011 PTS Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NY 2012 PTS Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NY 2014 PTS Process_Date: 2024 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: CT 2004 contour shoreline Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: CT 2016 contour shoreline Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: CT-NY 2011 contour Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: NY 2012 contour shoreline Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: NY 2014 contour shoreline Process_Step: Process_Description: For contours extracted from DEM data the following method was used: 1) Organized tiles into MHW zones (see process step describing MHW values for Long Island Sound). 2) Create contours: ArcGIS Pro tool “Contour List” a. Right clicked on “Contour List” in tool list and selected “Batch” b. Chose batch parameter as “Input LAS” and accepted default to “make temporary batch tool” then clicked Next c. Selected multiple rasters in the same MHW area d. Entered an output name e. Entered the MHW value for the region (see process step MHW values for Long Island Sound) Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: CT 2006 DEM Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: CT 2012 DEM Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NY EAST 2012 DEM Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NY WEST 2012 DEM Process_Date: 2024 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: CT 2006 contour shoreline Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: CT 2012 contour shoreline Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: NY EAST 2012 contour shoreline Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: NY WEST 2012 contour shoreline Process_Step: Process_Description: Lidar contour shorelines were smoothed using ArcGIS Pro tool “Smooth Line” and the “PAEK” (Polynomial Approximation with Exponential Kernel) smoothing algorithm. Smoothing tolerance = 10. Process_Date: 2024 Process_Step: Process_Description: The lidar shoreline shapefiles (profile and contour) were then visually checked against the imagery base map within ArcGIS Pro v3.5.57366 to make sure the shoreline was not interpolated through a headland or structure, for example. If issues were discovered, the shoreline was edited using standard Arc Tools to clip the feature. Attribute fields based on DSAS requirements, as well as source and publication information, were added to the attribute table and populated with the relevant information. Process_Date: 2024 Process_Step: Process_Description: The lidar shoreline shapefiles (profile and contour) were combined into one shapefile for evaluation. Where profile and contour shorelines of the same year had duplicate coverage, a decision was made to either use non-overlapping shoreline segments from both or choose a shoreline that was entirely extracted from either method. For example, profile and contour shorelines were extracted for CT 2016 and a decision was made to use a combination of profile- and contour-extracted shorelines. The “Source” attribute of the shorelines file shows which method was used to extract each segment. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: CT 2016 profile shoreline Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: CT 2016 contour shoreline Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: CT 2012 profile shoreline Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: CT 2012 contour shoreline Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: CT 2006 contour shoreline Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: CT 2004 contour shoreline Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: CT-NY 2011 contour shoreline Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NY 2014 profile shoreline Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NY 2014 contour shoreline Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NY 2012 contour shoreline Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NY WEST 2012 contour shoreline Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NY EAST 2012 contour shoreline Process_Date: 2024 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: LIS lidar shorelines Process_Step: Process_Description: Historical (1880s-1980s) were merged with the modern shorelines (2000s-2010s) in ArcGIS Pro v3.5.57366 to produce a single shorelines file for the Long Island Sound. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: USGS T-sheet shorelines Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: 2004-2006 CUSP shorelines Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: LIS lidar shorelines Process_Date: 2025 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: LIS shorelines Process_Step: Process_Description: The shorelines shapefile (LIS_shorelines.shp) was imported into a personal geodatabase in ArcCatalog v10.9 by right-clicking on the geodatabase > Import for use with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) v5.1 software to perform rate calculations. Process_Date: 2025 Process_Step: Process_Description: The shorelines feature class was exported from a personal geodatabase to a shapefile in ArcCatalog v10.9 by performing a right-mouse click on the data layer > export > to shapefile (single). Process_Date: 2025 Process_Step: Process_Description: The shorelines shapefile was projected in ArcGIS Pro v3.5.57366 > Geoprocessing > Data Management Tools > Project. Parameters: input projection - UTM zone 18N NAD 83; output projection- geographic coordinates (WGS 84); transformation = WGS_1984_(ITRF00)_To_NAD_1983. Process_Date: 2025 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Meredith G. Kratzmann Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mkratzmann@contractor.usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 6081 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.0000001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.0000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_84 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: LIS_shorelines Entity_Type_Definition: Shorelines for coastal Long Island Sound used in shoreline change analysis. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Feature type. Attribute: Attribute_Label: OBJECTID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Date_ Attribute_Definition: Date of shoreline position; date of survey as indicated on source material. A default date of 07/01 was assigned to shorelines where only the year was known (month and day unknown). Using July, the mid-point month of the calendar year, minimizes the potential offset to the actual shoreline date by a maximum of six months. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Date of the shoreline in mm/dd/yyyy Attribute: Attribute_Label: Uncy Attribute_Definition: Estimate of shoreline position uncertainty in meters. Actual shoreline position is within the range of this value (plus or minus, meters). The historic shoreline uncertainty values incorporate measurement uncertainties associated with mapping methods and materials for historical shorelines, the geographic registration of shoreline position, and shoreline digitizing. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.57 Range_Domain_Maximum: 11.7 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Source Attribute_Definition: Agency that provided shoreline feature or the data source used to digitize shoreline feature. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Name of the agency where shoreline data was aquired from. See lineage for all data source citations. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Source_b Attribute_Definition: Type of data used to create shoreline. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Aerial Photography Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shoreline derived from Aerial Photography Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Lidar - contour method Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shoreline derived from lidar data (contour extraction method) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Lidar - profile method Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shoreline derived from lidar data (profile extraction method) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: NOAA T-Sheet Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shoreline derived from NOAA Topographic Survey Sheets (T-Sheet) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: Year_ Attribute_Definition: Four-digit year of shoreline Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1883 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2016 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Default_D Attribute_Definition: Differentiates between shorelines that have known month and day attributes and those that use the default value of 07/01 when only the year is known. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shoreline month and day are known. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shoreline month and day are unknown and default value of 07/01 was used. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: DSAS_type Attribute_Definition: Shoreline type field used to specify the datum to which the shoreline is referenced. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: MHW Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Mean High Water (datum-based shoreline). Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: HWL Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: High Water Line (proxy-based shoreline). Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: STATE Attribute_Definition: Abbreviation of the State that the shoreline data lie within. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: NY Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: New York Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: CT Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Connecticut Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: Contour Attribute_Definition: Value of average MHW elevation (meters above NAVD88) that was used to extract the contour shoreline from DEM or point cloud data. The value is different based on the average MHW for different areas of Long Island Sound. A value of 9999 in the attribute table means the value is null, in this case 9999 values are present for shorelines not extracted with a MHW value (t-sheet and air photo sources). Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.4 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.0 Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 9999 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Null value Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: SRCE_INFO Attribute_Definition: Information regarding source data used to digitize shoreline feature. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string of length 50 Attribute: Attribute_Label: County Attribute_Definition: County that the shoreline data lie within. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string of length 25 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape_Leng Attribute_Definition: Length of shoreline in meter units (UTM zone 18N NAD 83). Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Science Center Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.006 Range_Domain_Maximum: 15035.860 Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the dataset. Please review the individual attribute descriptions for detailed information. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Federal Center, Building 810, MS 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: The dataset contains polyline shorelines (SHP and other shapefile components), browse graphic, and the FGDC CSDGM metadata. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS Pro version 3.5.57366 Format_Specification: Esri polyline shapefile (compressed to ZIP format) Format_Information_Content: These files (.cpg, .dbf, .prj, .sbn, .sbx, .shp, .html, and .shx) are a collection of files with a common filename prefix and must be downloaded and stored in the same directory. Together they are the components of the shapefile. Transfer size is in MB. File_Decompression_Technique: Unzip Transfer_Size: 28.97 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1TKEDFX Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/67bfb060d34e8876fcbfc9c9 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/67bfb060d34e8876fcbfc9c9 Access_Instructions: The first link is to the USGS publication page, the second link downloads all the data on the landing page, and the third link is to the dataset landing page. Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: These data are available in a polyline shapefile format. The user must have software to read and process the data components of a shapefile. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20250922 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Meredith G. Kratzmann Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time