Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Jin-Si R. Over Originator: Jennifer M. Cramer Publication_Date: 2025 Title: Lidar point cloud, elevation models, GPS data, imagery, and orthomosaic, collected during UAS operations at Town Neck Beach, Sandwich, MA on December 19th, 2023 Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: point cloud, raster, and tabular digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P1UBZZFA Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1UBZZFA Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/67213f10d34ed0f827eaaeed Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Jin-Si R. Over Originator: Jennifer M. Cramer Originator: Amy Farris Originator: Christopher R. Sherwood Publication_Date: 2025 Title: Topographic data, imagery, and GPS data collected during uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) operations at Town Neck Beach, Sandwich, Massachusetts Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P1UBZZFA Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Over, J.R., Cramer, J.M., Farris, A., and Sherwood, C.R., 2025, Topographic data, imagery, and GPS data collected during uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) operations at Town Neck Beach, Sandwich, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P1UBZZFA. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1UBZZFA Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/67213855d34ed0f827eaae83 Description: Abstract: Small Uncrewed Aircraft Systems (sUAS) were used to collect aerial remote sensing data over Town Neck Beach, Massachusetts. The area is a highly trafficked public beach with a parking lot, boardwalk, and renourishment and dune stabilization plan. On December 19th, 2023, after a recent placement of dredged sand and dune grass plug plantings, USGS personnel collected natural (RGB) color images, lidar, check points, and ground control points. These data were processed to produce a high-resolution lidar point cloud, digital elevation models, and a natural-color orthomosaic. Data are related to USGS Field activity 2023-028-FA and support observations of coastal change and lidar data testing. Purpose: The imagery and lidar products were produced to help monitor the movement of sand placed on the beach by the US Army Corps of Engineers in the fall of 2023. These data will also be used to test the ability of the lidar data to penetrate both newly planted dune grass as well as more mature vegetation. The data will also be used to measure the seasonal variability of beach slope and shoreline position. Supplemental_Information: For more information about the WHCMSC Field Activity, see https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/services/activity.php?fan=2023-028-FA. Images can be viewed or downloaded on the USGS Imagery Data System here https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/idsviewer/data_release/10.5066-P1UBZZFA in the collection 2023_TNB_Dec_Ricoh. Note that the bounding coordinates are for the entire area and not individual files. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20231219 Currentness_Reference: Ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Not planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.48839210 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.47266159 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.77067666 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.76186184 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: YellowScan Mapper Plus Theme_Keyword: DJI Matrice 600 Theme_Keyword: Bare Earth Theme_Keyword: Point Cloud Theme_Keyword: UAS Theme_Keyword: AeroPoints Theme_Keyword: digital surface model Theme_Keyword: orthomosaics Theme_Keyword: Aerial Imaging and Mapping Group Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: remote sensing Theme_Keyword: digital elevation models Theme_Keyword: structure from motion Theme_Keyword: image mosaics Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme_Keyword: image collections Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Physical Habitats and Geomorphology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:67213f10d34ed0f827eaaeed Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: Commonwealth of Massachusetts Place_Keyword: Sandwich (616643) Place_Keyword: Town Beach (616661) Place_Keyword: Town Neck (616663) Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain (CC0-1.0) data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. These data are not intended for navigational use. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jin-Si R. Over Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2297 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jover@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/67213f10d34ed0f827eaaeed?name=2023028FA_TNB_data_browse.png&allowOpen=true Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Data and products of Town Neck Beach: RGB image, lidar point cloud, ortho, and USGS personnel. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Native_Data_Set_Environment: Agisoft Metashape Pro v. 2.0.1, Emlid Studio v. 1.8, Trimble PosPac UAV v. 9.0, YellowScan CloudStation v. 2405.0.0, Global Mapper Pro v. 26.0 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Jin-Si R. Over Originator: Andrew C. Ritchie Originator: Christine J. Kranenburg Originator: Jenna A. Brown Originator: Daniel D. Buscombe Originator: Tom Noble Originator: Christopher R. Sherwood Originator: Jonathan A. Warrick Originator: Phillipe A. Wernette Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Processing coastal imagery with Agisoft Metashape Professional Edition, version 1.6-Structure from motion workflow documentation Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2021-1039 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: This publication includes the general methodology for processing imagery in Metashape to produce digital surface models and ortho products. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211039 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The horizontal and vertical accuracy of the elevation products (2023028FA_TNB_YSMP_LPC.laz, 2023028FA_TNB_YSMP_DSM_25cm.tif, 2023028FA_TNB_Ricoh_SfM_DSM_25cm.tif, and 2023028FA_TNB_Ricoh_SfM_Ortho_5cm.tif) were assessed using the ground control points (2023028FA_TNB_AeroPoints.csv) and GPS check points (2023028FA_TNB_GPS_SP80.csv). It should also be noted that accuracy estimates of the products are for areas of bare ground or low vegetation where ground control points (GCPs) were placed or GPS points taken. Additional sources of error, such as moving objects, may cause accuracy estimates to exceed estimates in localized portions of the products. Lidar flight paths are corrected using a base station and returns over water reflect the surface, not the bottom. GPS point accuracy is assessed based on a known reference mark and a positioning solution of “FIX” for each point. The Ricoh GRII images were geotagged with estimated image locations from the SfM project, the accuracy of these estimates is assumed to be less than 1 meter. Logical_Consistency_Report: There were three UAS M600 flights and five AeroPoint GCPs. One flight was used the Ricoh GRII to take RGB photos, which produced the structure from motion (SfM) digital surface model (DSM) and orthomosaic. Two flights used the YellowScan Mapper+ (YSMP) to collect lidar data and produced the lidar point cloud (LPC) and a DSM. The SfM orthomosaic was used to color the lidar point cloud. All data fall into expected elevation ranges of a low-lying beach and dune system. Completeness_Report: Imagery: The YSMP camera failed to trigger during the lidar flights due to human error, thus only the Ricoh GRII images are provided. Images at take-off and landing were removed. All of these removed images can account for the non-consecutive original file names and results in a total of 588 images. A list of the images and their locations are available in 2023028FA_TNB_ImageLocations.csv. Lidar: Points were removed from the LPC in the water where they were sparse. Points identified as flying birds were also removed. LPC is not classified. Products: GeoTIFF products are cloud-optimized and deflate compressed. GPS: One AeroPoint (AP27C) did not collect data, but was surveyed with the SP80, this entry does not have internal variance values. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The GCPs and GPS points have a horizontal accuracy of 3 cm. The lidar point cloud, and by association the lidar derived DSM, horizontal accuracy was assessed against positions of the AeroPoints. The horizontal accuracy is variable; based on intensity the AeroPoint centers are on average 20 cm from the known position. It is recommended that users do their own assessment for their own needs. The SfM products were spatially georeferenced using AeroPoints and created using Agisoft Metashape. The horizontal root mean square error (RMSE) of the GCPs (n=10) as reported from the Metashape project are x/y 0.009/0.011 m. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The GCPs and GPS points have a vertical accuracy of 2 cm. The lidar point cloud was assessed against the USGS 3DEP (https://www.usgs.gov/3d-elevation-program) surface in the parking lot and values fall within 10 cm. The lidar based DSM was assessed against the elevations of the AeroPoints and GPS points, and the RMSE (n=51) was 0.066 m. The SfM product vertical RMSE as reported from the Metashape project GCPs is 0.010 m. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: GROUND CONTROL: Ten AeroPoint GCPs were spaced out over the field site and left on for at least two hours to collect Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data. After collection and connected to Wi-Fi, the AeroPoint data were uploaded and run through a post-processing kinematic algorithm of the Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) network to get a global accuracy. The data were exported with xyz internal variances in the horizontal datum NAD83(2011) to produce latitude, longitude, and ellipsoid heights, and then UTM19N and NAVD88 using GEOID 18 was used to produce easting, northing, and orthometric heights. These were exported to a *.csv file and named 2023028FA_TNB_AeroPoints.csv. GPS DATA: A Spectra Precision 80 (SP80) was set up as a base station in the parking lot to collect RINEX data to correct the lidar data. A second SP80 was set up as a rover connected to the Massachusetts CORS network and used to take check shots in the parking lot and on a transect across the beach. The check points are provided in 2023028FA_TNB_GPS_SP80.csv. Step completed by C. Sherwood, A. Farris, J. Cramer, and J. Over. Process_Date: 20231219 Process_Step: Process_Description: UAS FLIGHTS: The lidar sensor was a 905 nm wavelength Livox Avia with a 70.4/ 4.5 degree horizontal and vertical field of view (FOV). The lidar scanner was set to the repetitive scan pattern, which moves the sensor in a back-and-forth motion and is optimal for non-vegetated areas. The camera module (that was attached but not triggered) was a SONY UMC - 10RC, a 20.4 megapixel (MP). The system also consists of a Trimble AV18 GNSS antenna mounted to the top of the UAS and connected to the lidar system via GNSS cable. The lidar data was saved to a 256 GB USB thumb drive in three different files: (1) the IMU+GPS data, decimated for quick post-processing, in binary *.ys format, (2) the scanner data in *.lvx format (~600 MB per minute of data collection), (3) and the complete IMU+GPS data in Applanix (Trimble) binary *.t04 format. The RGB images were saved to a 64 GB micro SD card as *.jpeg files. A configuration text file (CONFIG.TXT) was pre-loaded onto the USB thumb drive and can be edited to control lidar and camera module settings, including the camera triggering height, the camera triggering interval, and the lidar scan pattern. The YSMP was attached to a DJI Matrice 600 Pro UAS with approved government edition firmware. The YSMP lidar data were collected with the UAS flying at 7 m/s at ~61 meters above ground level at a transect spacing of 45 m for a total of 42 minutes of flight time. After each flight the lidar data were taken off the sensor. Note, the geotagged positions embedded in the Exchangeable image file format (Exif) information are WGS84 and ellipsoid height, this is how the data are collected. The positions have been converted to NAD83(2011) and NAVD88 GEOID 18 in the imagery locations file (2023028FA_TNB_ImageryLocations.csv). Step completed by J. Cramer and J. Over. Process_Date: 20231219 Process_Step: Process_Description: RAW IMAGERY: The Ricoh GRII attached to the UAS M600 was set to infinity focus and a 2 second interval. The M600 was flying at 8 m/s at 100 meters above ground level at a transect interval of 40 m for a total of 28 minutes of flight time. JPEGs were taken off after the end of the flight. Images were processed to add additional information required by the USGS to the EXIF headers using ExifTools (https://exiftool.org/, version: 12.06), and the files were renamed to a unique identifier using Namexif (http://www.digicamsoft.com/softnamexif.html, version 2.1) to avoid any possibility of duplicate names. These steps are described here. 1. ExifTools was used to tag each photo headers following the Imagery Data System EXIF Guidance. Attributes (e.g. Credit, Copyright, UsageTerms, ImageDescription, Artist, etc) were stored in a *.csv file and written to each image with the command:' exiftool -csv="C:\directory\name\EXIF.csv" C:\directory\name\of\photos *.JPG ' To read out the photo information to a csv when in the directory with the photos the command is: exiftool -csv *.JPG > directory/name/allheaders_out.csv 2. All the images were renamed with Namexif (https://us.digicamsoft.com/softnamexif.html v 2.2 accessed April 2020) to ensure unique filenames and compliance with the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program's best practices for image naming convention. Images were renamed with the field survey ID prefix; flight number, and ID that distinguishes USGS cameras by make/camera number, the image acquisition date, coordinated universal time (UTC) in ISO8601 format, and a suffix with the original image name. For example, image name '2023028FA_f01r03_20231219T165822Z_R#', 2023028FA is the field activity ID, f01 is the flight number, r03 is the camera, 20231219 is the UTC date in the format YYYYMMDD, and a 'T' is used to separate UTC date from UTC time in format HHMMSS followed by a Z. The R# is the original raw photo name appended to the end of the new filename. Step completed by J. Cramer and J. Over. Process_Date: 20231220 Process_Step: Process_Description: PHOTOGRAMMETRY: The SfM products were created in Agisoft Metashape v. 2.0.1 using the following general steps (see Over and others, 2021 for a more detailed methodology explanation): 1. A project was created in Metashape and Ricoh GRII imagery was imported. 2. Photos were aligned at a low accuracy and then GCPs were automatically detected in the point cloud. GCP positions (2023028FA_TNB_AeroPoints.csv) were added to the project in the reference systems NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N and NAVD88 (GEOID 18). The horizontal and vertical accuracies for the GCPs were set to 0.01/0.02 m, respectively, and the camera positions for the images were turned off. The photos were then re-aligned with high accuracy (the pixels were not subsampled) using a keypoint limit of 60,000 and unlimited tie points. 3. The alignment process matched pixels between images to create point clouds and put the imagery into a relative spatial context using the GCPs. The resultant point clouds were filtered using one iteration of the 'Reconstruction uncertainty' filter at a level of 10, one iteration of the 'Projection accuracy' filter at a level of 4, and three iterations of the 'Reprojection accuracy' filter to get to a level of 0.3. With each filter, iteration points are selected, deleted, and then the camera model was optimized to refine the focal length, cx, cy, k1, k2, k3, p1, and p2 camera model coefficients. 4. At this point, multiple ‘chunks’ were created so that a high-quality dense cloud with a low-frequency filtering algorithm could be made from the images. The dense point cloud was then edited by visual inspection and Metashape’s confidence filter to remove points with a low confidence near the edges and near water bodies. 5. A DSM is built from the dense point cloud and then an orthomosaic is built from the DSM with refined seamlines. The DSM (2023028FA_TNB_Ricoh_SfM_DSM_25cm.tif) and orthomosaic (2023028FA_TNB_Ricoh_SfM_Ortho_5cm.tif) are exported in EPSG:6348 NAD83(2011)/UTM19N, the DSM has a vertical reference system in EPSG:5703 NAVD88 (GEOID 18). Step completed by J. Over. Process_Date: 20241031 Process_Step: Process_Description: LIDAR DATA: The YSMP lidar data were processed in YellowScan CloudStation software integrated with Trimble POSPac UAV 9.0. Base station GNSS data were downloaded from the SP80 collecting data on site for the time the UAS was flying. Raw scanner data (.ys file) was imported into YellowScan CloudStation, the sensor lidar (.profile) and Camera (.camera) profiles, provided by the vendor, were selected for the project and the project coordinate reference system is set. CloudStation flight trajectories are adjusted manually to select the desired data to be processed. The .T04 file and base station GNSS RINEX file were used to correct and optimize the sensor position trajectories and produce a Smoothed Best Estimate of Trajectory (SBET) file in .txt ASCII format, which represents the Post Processing Kinematic (PPK) Solution. The lever arm offsets and boresight angle corrections were applied to the lidar point cloud (LPC), along with a strip adjustment between transect swaths using CloudStation's "robust" setting. The Cut Overlap function was applied to remove redundant points based on the closest parallel flight trajectory. The unclassified LPC model is exported from CloudStation as a 1.4 *.laz file. The LPC is brought into Global Mapper (v. 26.0) and manually cleaned of points interpreted to be noise or are above a reasonable elevation threshold based on the surrounding features. Then, the LPC is adjusted to the GCPs using a planar fit, colorized with the Ricoh orthomosaic, and exported as 2023028FA_TNB_YSMP_LPC.laz. The LPC is then gridded using maximum values and exported as a digital surface model (2023028FA_TNB_YSMP_DSM_25cm.tif). All files were exported in EPSG:6348 NAD83(2011)/UTM zone 19N and the vertical datum in EPSG:5703 NAVD88 using Geoid 18. Step completed by J. Over. Process_Date: 20241102 Process_Step: Process_Description: CLOUD OPTIMIZATION: All GeoTIFF products were DEFLATE compressed and turned into a cloud-optimized GeoTIFFs (COG) using gdal_translate with the following command: for %i in (.\*.tif) do gdal_translate %i .\cog\%~ni_cog.tif -of COG -stats -co BLOCKSIZE=256 -co COMPRESS=DEFLATE -co PREDICTOR=YES -co NUM_THREADS=ALL_CPUS -co BIGTIFF=YES (v. 3.1.4 accessed October 20, 2020 https://gdal.org/). Where i is the name of each GeoTIFF section. Step completed by J. Over. Process_Date: 20241104 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jin-Si R. Over Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2297 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jover@usgs.gov Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 19 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -69.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.001 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.001 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 (National Spatial Reference System 2011) Ellipsoid_Name: GRS_1980 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Altitude_Resolution: 0.001 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2023028FA_TNB_ImageLocations.csv Entity_Type_Definition: The CSV file contains the approximate position of the Ricoh GRII images at the moment of each capture based on their estimated position from the SfM processing. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: ImageName Attribute_Definition: File names of individual images, see the Process Description for file naming convention. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Attribute: Attribute_Label: GPSDateTime Attribute_Definition: Date and UTC time in YYYY:MM:DD HH:MM:ss. Attribute_Definition_Source: Processor defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Latitude NAD83[2011] Attribute_Definition: Latitude (x) of camera based on time of each image capture. Positive values represent north coordinates. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 41.76186184 Range_Domain_Maximum: 41.77067666 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Longitude NAD83[2011] Attribute_Definition: Longitude (y) of camera based on time of each image capture. Negative values represent west coordinates. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -70.48763183 Range_Domain_Maximum: -70.47423920 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Ellipsoid height GRS80 Attribute_Definition: Vertical position of the camera based on time of each capture in relation to the NAD83(2011) reference ellipsoid. Attribute_Definition_Source: None Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 58.921 Range_Domain_Maximum: 77.844 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Easting 19N Attribute_Definition: X-coordinate position of the camera based on time of each capture in NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 376354.081 Range_Domain_Maximum: 377455.913 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Northing 19N Attribute_Definition: Y-coordinate position of the camera based on time of each capture in in NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 4624388.209 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4625384.588 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Altitude NAVD88 Attribute_Definition: Altitude of the camera at the time of each image capture relative to NAVD88 using GEOID 18. Attribute_Definition_Source: None Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 87.112 Range_Domain_Maximum: 106.040 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2023028FA_TNB_AeroPoints.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Ground control point positions, elevations, and attributes. AeroPoint AP-27C was not turned on but was surveyed with the SP80 GPS, so its position variance and baseline data was not provided from Propeller and the attributes reflect this with NaN. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: FAN Attribute_Definition: USGS Field Activity Number Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2023-028-FA Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Year, USGS ID, and Field Activity Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Date Attribute_Definition: Calendar date of collection Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 20231219 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: YYYYMMDD Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Point ID Attribute_Definition: Unique point identification number. Attribute_Definition_Source: Processor defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 10 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Attributes Attribute_Definition: Unique identifier for ground control points. Prefix AP-### refers to AeroPoint and the last 3 digits of its identifying code. Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Latitude NAD83[2011] Attribute_Definition: Post-processed latitude of AeroPoint position (NAD83[2011]). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 41.76408972 Range_Domain_Maximum: 41.76857353 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Longitude NAD83[2011] Attribute_Definition: Post-processed longitude of AeroPoint position (NAD83[2011]). Attribute_Definition_Source: None Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -70.48567046 Range_Domain_Maximum: -70.47850307 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Ellipsoid height GRS80 Attribute_Definition: Post-processed height in meters of AeroPoint in relation to the NAD83(2011) reference ellipsoid. Attribute_Definition_Source: None Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -26.471 Range_Domain_Maximum: -22.516 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Easting 19N Attribute_Definition: Post-processed interpolated X-coordinate of AeroPoint in NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 376513.911 Range_Domain_Maximum: 377101.108 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Northing 19N Attribute_Definition: Post-processed interpolated Y-coordinate of AeroPoint in NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 4624640.213 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4625148.312 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Orthometric height NAVD88 Attribute_Definition: Post-processed Z-coordinate of AeroPoint using NAVD88 with GEOID 18 applied. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.720 Range_Domain_Maximum: 5.671 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Xvar mm Attribute_Definition: Internal variance in the X-coordinate from post-processing. No data value is NaN. Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.6 Range_Domain_Maximum: 18.3 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: millimeters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Yvar mm Attribute_Definition: Internal variance in the Y-coordinate from post-processing. No data value is NaN. Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 3.0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 12.7 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: millimeters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Zvar mm Attribute_Definition: Internal variance in the Z-coordinate from post-processing. No data value is NaN. Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 3.9 Range_Domain_Maximum: 13.2 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: millimeters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Baseline distance km Attribute_Definition: Distance to from the AeroPoint to the correcting base. No data value is NaN. Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.35 Range_Domain_Maximum: 12.19 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: kilometers Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2023028FA_TNB_GPS_SP80.csv Entity_Type_Definition: GPS SP80 check point positions, elevations, and attributes Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: FAN Attribute_Definition: USGS Field Activity Number Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2023-028-FA Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Year, USGS ID, and Field Activity Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Date Attribute_Definition: Calendar date of collection Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 20231219 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: YYYYMMDD Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Point ID Attribute_Definition: Unique point identification number. Attribute_Definition_Source: Processor defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 47 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Attributes Attribute_Definition: Identifies check point type. Attributes with suffix open and close identify reference marks surveyed at the beginning (open) and end (close). Attributes labeled ‘transect’ are ground check points. Attributes with the prefix ‘aero’ are surveyed AeroPoints. Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Latitude NAD83[2011] Attribute_Definition: Real-time kinematic latitude of GPS point (NAD83[2011]). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 41.76409003 Range_Domain_Maximum: 41.76857376 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Longitude NAD83[2011] Attribute_Definition: Real-time kinematic longitude of GPS point (NAD83[2011]). Attribute_Definition_Source: None Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -70.48567002 Range_Domain_Maximum: -70.47850289 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Ellipsoid height GRS80 Attribute_Definition: Real-time kinematic vertical position of GPS point in relation to the NAD83(2011) reference ellipsoid. Attribute_Definition_Source: None Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -27.596 Range_Domain_Maximum: -22.547 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Easting 19N Attribute_Definition: Real-time kinematic X-coordinate of GPS point in NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 376513.949 Range_Domain_Maximum: 377101.123 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Northing 19N Attribute_Definition: Real-time kinematic Y-coordinate of GPS point in NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 4624640.246 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4625148.336 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Orthometric height NAVD88 Attribute_Definition: Real-time kinematic Z-coordinate of GPS point relative to NAVD88 with GEOID 18 applied. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.595 Range_Domain_Maximum: 5.640 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: HSDV m Attribute_Definition: Horizontal standard deviation, provides the horizontal precision of the position solution. Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.008 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.016 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: VSDV m Attribute_Definition: Vertical standard deviation, provides the vertical precision of the position solution. Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.011 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.021 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2023028FA_TNB_YSMP_LPC.laz Entity_Type_Definition: YSMP lidar point cloud in .laz file format. This georeferenced point cloud was colorized using natural color RGB image values and is not classified. Total point count is 105,722,322. The point density is 309.88 points per square meter, and point spacing is 0.057 m. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: Elevation Attribute_Definition: Surface elevation orthometric height NAVD88 (m) using GEOID 18 in NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N. Attribute_Definition_Source: YellowScan CloudStation Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -4.956 Range_Domain_Maximum: 15.420 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Intensity Attribute_Definition: Lidar intensity is recorded as the return strength of a laser beam during data collection. Attribute_Definition_Source: YellowScan CloudStation Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 65,025 Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2023028FA_TNB_YSMP_DSM_25cm.tif Entity_Type_Definition: A cloud-optimized digital surface model created from the lidar point cloud with encoded elevation values. Pixel resolution is 25 cm. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Value Attribute_Definition: Surface elevation orthometric height NAVD88 (m) using GEOID 2018 in NAD83(2011) UTM Zone 19N. Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -1.348 Range_Domain_Maximum: 15.422 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2023028FA_TNB_Ricoh_SfM_DSM_25cm.tif Entity_Type_Definition: A cloud-optimized digital surface model created from the Ricoh GRII images using SfM with encoded elevation values. Pixel resolution is 25 cm. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Value Attribute_Definition: Surface elevation orthometric height NAVD88 (m) using GEOID 2018 in NAD83(2011) UTM Zone 19N. Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -2.971 Range_Domain_Maximum: 16.543 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2023028FA_TNB_Ricoh_SfM _Ortho_5cm.tif Entity_Type_Definition: True-color (RGB) cloud optimized orthomosaic made from the Ricoh GRII images. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Band_1 Attribute_Definition: Red wavelength band Attribute_Definition_Source: Agisoft Metashape Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 255 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Band_2 Attribute_Definition: Green wavelength band Attribute_Definition_Source: Agisoft Metashape Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 255 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Band_3 Attribute_Definition: Blue wavelength band Attribute_Definition_Source: Agisoft Metashape Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 255 Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The filenames are formatted as "2023028FA_TNB_sensor/product_resolution.*** ", where 2023028 is the USGS Field activity ID, location is Town Neck Beach (TNB); sensors include YellowScan Mapper Plus (YSMP), Ricoh GRII, GPS_SP80, and AeroPoints; products include orthomosaics (ortho), digital surface models (DSM), and lidar point cloud (LPC). The horizontal coordinate reference system for all products is NAD83(2011)/UTM19N, the vertical coordinate reference system (VCRS) is NAVD88 using GEOID 18. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: USGS Field Activity 2023-028-FA Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Aerial imaging and mapping of Town Neck Beach includes a lidar point cloud, elevation models, imagery and true-color orthomosaic, and ground control and check points. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Not for navigational use. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: GeoTIFF Format_Version_Number: 1.0.0 Format_Specification: Cloud optimized GeoTIFF format Adobe deflate compressed Format_Information_Content: 2023028FA_TNB_YSMP_DSM_25cm.tif (21 MB) and 2023028FA_TNB_Ricoh_SfM_DSM_25cm.tif (27 MB) have encoded surface elevations and 2023028FA_TNB_Ricoh_SfM _Ortho_5cm.tif (320 MB) is an orthomosaic. Transfer_Size: 368 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/67213f10d34ed0f827eaaeed Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/67213f10d34ed0f827eaaeed Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1UBZZFA Access_Instructions: The first link in the list above is to the child page where files can be downloaded individually, the second link is to directly download all the data on the page, and third link is to the doi to the main publication. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: CSV Format_Version_Number: Exported from Excel Office 365 16.01 Format_Information_Content: The file 2023028FA_TNB_AeroPoints.csv contains ground control data, 2023028FA_TNB_GPS_SP80.csv contains GPS check points, and 2023028FA_TNB_ImageLocations.csv contains a list of the images and their positions. Transfer_Size: 0.1 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/67213f10d34ed0f827eaaeed Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/67213f10d34ed0f827eaaeed Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1UBZZFA Access_Instructions: The first link in the list above is to the child page where files can be downloaded individually, the second link is to directly download all the data on the page, and third link is to the doi to the main publication. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: JPEG Format_Version_Number: 1.0.0 Format_Information_Content: The Ricoh GRII images. Transfer_Size: 3150 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/67213f10d34ed0f827eaaeed Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/67213f10d34ed0f827eaaeed Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1GG3QSO Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1UBZZFA Access_Instructions: The first link in the list above is to the child page where files can be downloaded individually, the second link is to directly download all the data on the page, and the third link is to the Imagery Data System where the photos can be viewed and downloaded individually (filter by FA, date, and sensor type), and the fourth link is to the doi to the main publication. Transfer size refers to the total size of all images in MB if downloaded from the IDS, images are not hosted on sciencebase. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: LAZ Format_Version_Number: 1.4 Format_Information_Content: LAZ (LAserZipped) is an open file format intended for point data records. File_Decompression_Technique: Use laszip to decompress Transfer_Size: 963 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/67213f10d34ed0f827eaaeed Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/67213f10d34ed0f827eaaeed Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1UBZZFA Access_Instructions: The first link in the list above is to the child page where files can be downloaded individually, the second link is to directly download all the data on the page, and third link is to the doi to the main publication. Fees: None. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20250430 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jin-Si R. Over Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2297 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Access_Constraints: None Metadata_Use_Constraints: None