Jin-Si R. Over Peter A. Traykovski 20251126 1.0 raster and tabular digital data data release DOI:10.5066/P1Z9NCQX Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program https://doi.org/10.5066/P1Z9NCQX https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/67f94fc2d4be022c3e84f2a9 Jin-Si R. Over Sandra M. Brosnahan Jennifer M. Cramer Chris R. Sherwood Peter A. Traykovski 2025 1.0 digital data data release DOI:10.5066/P1Z9NCQX Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Suggested citation: Over, J.R., Brosnahan, S.M., Cramer, J.M., Sherwood, C.R., and Traykovski, P.A., 2025, Topographic and bathymetric data, aerial imagery, and GPS data collected during UxS operations at Marconi Beach, Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts between September 2024 and March 2025: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P1Z9NCQX. https://doi.org/10.5066/P1Z9NCQX https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/6781a6f0d34ee8e22c8b6665 Surveys with Uncrewed Systems (UxS) were used to collect remote sensing data at Marconi Beach on Cape Cod National Seashore, Wellfleet, Massachusetts after the area experienced multiple erosion events after fall storms in 2024 and the loss of National Park Service beach access stairs. The USGS has a stationary camera system (CoastCam) and meteorological station north of the parking lot on the bluff to observe waves and total water levels. UxS were approved to map the coast in view of the CoastCam and where the Park Service stairs were destroyed to help evaluate the conditions of the site and monitor landscape change from storm impacts. The data products will also help validate the CoastCam imagery datasets. Between September 2024 and March 2025, USGS personnel surveyed five times and collected natural (RGB) color images, lidar data, GPS data, and bathymetric data to produce elevation maps and orthomosaics. The bathymetry products were produced to help the Park Service partnership evaluate the conditions of the site and monitor change from the September nor’easter storm impacts in the nearshore and to be able to create a continuous topobathy profile and dataset. For more information about the WHCMSC Field Activity, see https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/services/activity.php?fan=2025-005-FA. Note that the bounding coordinates are for the entire area mapped and not individual files. Bathymetry can be used with the elevation models in the larger work citation to create a continuous topobathy model. 20250226 Ground condition Complete Not planned -69.96389842 -69.95076874 41.89920482 41.88996484 None U.S. Geological Survey USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program CMHRP Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center WHCMSC UMS Yellowfin bathymetry UxS WHOI Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution USGS Thesaurus remote sensing single-beam echo sounder bathymetry geospatial datasets ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation elevation USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:67f94fc2d4be022c3e84f2a9 Common geographic areas United States Cape Cod National Seashore Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Atlantic Ocean Commonwealth of Massachusetts Wellfleet (616837) Marconi Beach No access constraints. Please see 'Distribution Information' for details. These data are marked with a Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal License. These data are in the public domain and do not have any use constraints. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. These data are not intended for navigational use. Jin-Si R. Over U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Geographer mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2297 jover@usgs.gov https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/67f94fc2d4be022c3e84f2a9?name=2025005FA_Marconi_Feb_bathy_browse.png&allowOpen=true Bathymetry grid colored by elevation at Marconi Beach. PNG MathWorks MATLAB R2024a (https://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab.html), Emlid Studio (v. 1.9) Jin-Si R. Over Chris R. Sherwood Peter A. Traykovski 2024 raster and tabular data data release DOI:10.5066/P99ST3LT Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey This publication includes the topobathy survey data of Marconi Beach from March and April of 2024. https://doi.org/10.5066/P99ST3LT Holly Francis Peter A. Traykovski 2021 Journal of Coastal Research Volume 37, Issue 5, p. 933-945, online Allen Press The publication describes the theory behind attaching and processing data from a single beam echosounder attached to an uncrewed marine system (UMS), referred to as an autonomous surface vehicle in the publication. https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-20-00143.1 GPS: The base station GPS data and GPS on Yellowfin was assessed with post-processing kinematic (PPK) data. Bathymetry: No official quality control (QC) test was performed, but all depth values are internally consistent in relation to each other and are comparable to values of published bathymetry in the area (see Over and others, 2024). The product was interpolated therefore small-scale bathymetry features may not be resolved in this dataset. The actual bathymetry may be less accurate between tracklines. Yaw, pitch, and roll, are not taken into account due to the wide beamwidth, for more processing information see Francis and Traykovski (2021). The data represents single beam echo-sounder bathymetry data collected by Peter Traykovski (WHOI). These data are a combination of PPK elevations collected using a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver (EMLID Reach M2) and soundings from a Cerulean s500 single beam echosounder mounted on a self-righting uncrewed marine vessel named Yellowfin. PPK data was corrected to an onshore base station (JAVA Triumph). The GNSS antenna was offset from the echo-sounder by 0.15 m (referred to as Antenna_Z_Offset), and this was taken into account when calculating the GPS elevation values. The sonar was also offset from the water line by 0.10 m (referred to as Sonar_waterline_offset) and was accounted for when calculating the seafloor depth (see Processing Steps). Collected data were edited for erroneous soundings by removing outlier points identified after plotting data before being incorporated into the final bathymetric grid. NaNs were also removed from the echosounder data, this tends to occur in shallow waters but occasionally there is a slip. In total this accounts for the removal of 10,443 data points for a remaining 180,922 good returns. The CSV of raw PPK and echosounder values have been edited to remove returns at the beginning and end of the survey when the Yellowfin was on land. There is no extrapolation of data beyond the collected bounds. Navigation information was acquired from the GNSS receiver in PPK mode with a multi-band GNSS antenna that has a theoretical horizontal accuracy of 1-5 cm and average reported xy standard deviation (SD) of 6.5 cm. The location information was acquired from the GNSS receiver in PPK mode with a multi-band GNSS antenna with a theoretical horizontal accuracy of 1-5 cm and average reported z SD of 9.4 cm. The navigational accuracies do not represent the accuracy of the derived bathymetric soundings. The vertical accuracy of the raw data in water depths of 10 meters or less, based on industry standard system specifications for 450 and 500 kHz transmit frequencies, is 5-10 cm. Individual point errors (20-30% of points) due to extreme movement of Yellowfin could be as high as 10 cm, but process steps to interpolate and fit the raster remove a large portion of variability. The single-beam bathymetry data were collected by launching Yellowfin into the water from the surf zone. Yellowfin is equipped with a Cerulean s500 echosounder and collects singe-beam data and has an EMLID Reach M2 GNSs reciever for positioning data. The boat was controlled near the shore by Peter Traykovski and put on auto-pilot using predetermined tracklines for longer transects offshore. A base station was set-up in the Nauset Lighthouse parking lot to gather GNSS data. Step completed by Peter Traykovski with help from Athina Lange and Mark Carson. 20250226 The raw bathymetry data was processed with the following steps: 1.Parsed the echosounder data (NMEA GPS Puck, Time, and Echosounder range) into MATLAB (v. 2024a) using MATLAB Scripts developed by Peter Traykovski at WHOI - see contact below. 2. Post Processed Kinematic (PPK) GNSS data from Yellowfin was corrected using the base station (Java Triumph-1) data in Emlid Studio (Version 1.9) using the datum NAD83(2011) and then NAVD88 with GEOID 18 applied. A projection for UTM Zone 19N was also specified to get the Easting and Northing information. 3. Refined time alignment to account for any small-time delays between GPS data and echosounder data collection. This is accomplished using the time lagged cross-correlation of echosounder range and PPK GNSS altitude in locations with a relatively flat bottom. The resulting time shift was 18 seconds. The GPS measures vertical fluctuation of the boat due to waves and these fluctuations are also visible in echosounder data. Outliers in the echosounder data were removed using a despiking function. The equation in Step 5 removes the vertical fluctuation due to waves from the echosounder data leaving only true bathymetry if GPS and the echosounder are well synced. The lagged cross-correlation processing ensures they are synced optimally. 4. The PPK GNSS elevation (GPS_z) positions (collected at a higher frequency than the echosounder) were adjusted for the Antenna_Z_offset (0.15 m) and then interpolated to the time of echosounder samples (Echo_z) with the MATLAB function interp1 (linear interpolation). 5. Calculated sea-floor elevation with reference to the NAVD88 datum in meters using the following equation: Seafloor_z = Echo_z + GPS_z – Sonar_waterline_offset. These values data are available in 2025005FA_Marconi_Feb_Bathymetry_trackline.csv. 6. Gridded Seafloor_z values onto 1 m resolution UTM eastings, northings using MATLAB file exchange script regularizedata3d by Jamal (2020), a cubic interpolation with the optimum smoothness coefficient determined by a Monte Carlo optimization procedure for the data regularization. The function Regularizedata3d (Jamal, 2020) entailed removing one cross-shore line of data from the processing and adjusting the smoothness parameter, so the overall surface fit best fits the removed data. The process was then repeated for all the lines of data. The optimized smoothing parameter was used with all the data for the final processing. 7. The MATLAB function 'roipoly' returned the mask as a binary image, which sets pixels inside the region of interest (ROI) to 1 and pixels outside the ROI to 0. The boundary was developed so that there were no extrapolated bathymetry data outside the tracklines. The masks extent was the convex hull of the tracklines positions (x,y) and a bounding z coordinate of 0.3 represented the surface in reference to NAVD88 in meters. 8. Exported gridded 1 m data in NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N in NAVD88 meters as a GeoTIFF: 2025005FA_Marconi_Feb_Yellowfin_Bathymetry_1m.tif. Note that using NAVD88 as the elevation datum, means that the depths are not true depths but the elevation of the seafloor above or below the datum and GEOID. Jamal (2020). RegularizeData3D (https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/46223-regularizedata3d), MATLAB Central File Exchange. Retrieved September 23, 2020. Step processed by P. Traykovski. 20250311 Peter A. Traykovski Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Associate Scientist mailing and physical address

WHOI

226 Woods Hole Rd, MS #12

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-289-2638 ptraykovski@whoi.edu Universal Transverse Mercator 19 0.999600 -69.000000 0.000000 500000.000000 0.000000 row and column 0.0001 0.0001 meters North American Datum of 1983 (National Spatial Reference System 2011) GRS_1980 6378137.0 298.257222101 North American Vertical Datum of 1988 0.001 meters Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates 2025005FA_Marconi_Feb_Yellowfin_Bathymetry_1m.tif The GeoTIFF is the interpolated grid of the soundings representing the bathymetry of offshore Marconi Beach on February 26th, 2025. USGS Value Seafloor bottom elevation in EPSG:5703 using GEOID 18. No data value is -3.40282E41. producer defined -13.4264 -0.7229 meters 2025005FA_Marconi_Feb_Bathymetry_trackline.csv Post-processed and heave corrected GPS and echosounder data. USGS FAN USGS Field Activity Number USGS 2025-005-FA Year, USGS ID, and Field Activity USGS Date Calendar date of collection USGS 20250226 YYYYMMDD USGS Latitude NAD83[2011] Post-processed x-position of Yellowfin GPS relative to NAD83(2011). USGS 41.89009137 41.89908163 decimal degrees Longitude NAD83[2011] Post-processed y-position of Yellowfin GPS relative to NAD83(2011). USGS -69.96374399 -69.95091815 decimal degrees Easting 19N Post-processed x-position of Yellowfin GPS relative to NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N. USGS 420071.486 421051.892 meters Northing 19N Post-processed y-position of Yellowfin GPS relative to NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N. USGS 4638065.941 4638951.214 meters GPS_z Post-processed heave corrected Z-coordinate of Yellowfin GPS relative to NAVD88 with GEOID 18 applied. USGS -0.6800 1.9310 meters Echo_z The smoothed Cerulean s500 bed detection range, or the distance between the echosounder and the bottom. producer defined -13.8855 -0.8935 meters Seafloor_z Elevation in meters of the seafloor in NAVD88, calculated using Seafloor_z = Echo_z + GPS_z - Sonar_waterline_offset. producer defined -13.9839 -0.5076 meters GeoTIFF raster has 1079 columns and 1015 rows. There are 180,992 data points in the trackline CSV file. USGS Field Activity 2025-005-FA U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing and physical address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Bathymetric mapping of Marconi Beach includes the depth soundings, GPS location of the boat, and the seafloor elevation values as a CSV and as a grid. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Not for navigational use. GeoTIFF 1.0.0 2025005FA_Marconi_Feb_Yellowfin_Bathymetry_1m.tif 5.25 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/67f94fc2d4be022c3e84f2a9 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/67f94fc2d4be022c3e84f2a9 https://doi.org/10.5066/P1Z9NCQX The first link in the list above is to the child page where files can be downloaded individually, the second link is to directly download all the data on the page, and third link is to the doi to the main publication. CSV Exported from Excel Office 365 16.01 The CSV file 2025005FA_Marconi_Feb_Bathymetry_trackline.csv contains corrected GPS and echosounder data. 0.1 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/67f94fc2d4be022c3e84f2a9 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/67f94fc2d4be022c3e84f2a9 https://doi.org/10.5066/P1Z9NCQX The first link in the list above is to the child page where files can be downloaded individually, the second link is to directly download all the data on the page, and third link is to the doi to the main publication. None. 20251126 Jin-Si R. Over U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region Geographer mailing and physical

U.S. Geological Survey

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2297 whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 None None