Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Jin-Si R. Over Originator: Jennifer M. Cramer Originator: Sandra M. Brosnahan Publication_Date: 20251126 Title: Lidar points, elevation models, imagery, orthomosaic, and supporting GPS data collected during UAS operations at Marconi Beach, CACO, Wellfleet, MA on January 23, 2025 Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: point cloud, raster, and tabular digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P1Z9NCQX Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1Z9NCQX Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/67a2310dd34e05baae1c8501 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Jin-Si R. Over Originator: Sandra M. Brosnahan Originator: Jennifer M. Cramer Originator: Chris R. Sherwood Originator: Peter A. Traykovski Publication_Date: 2025 Title: Topographic and bathymetric data, aerial imagery, and GPS data collected during UxS operations at Marconi Beach, Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts between September 2024 and March 2025 Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P1Z9NCQX Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: Over, J.R., Brosnahan, S.M., Cramer, J.M., Sherwood, C.R., and Traykovski, P.A., 2025, Topographic and bathymetric data, aerial imagery, and GPS data collected during UxS operations at Marconi Beach, Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts between September 2024 and March 2025: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P1Z9NCQX. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1Z9NCQX Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/6781a6f0d34ee8e22c8b6665 Description: Abstract: Surveys with Uncrewed Systems (UxS) were used to collect remote sensing data at Marconi Beach on Cape Cod National Seashore, Wellfleet, Massachusetts after the area experienced multiple erosion events after fall storms in 2024 and the loss of National Park Service beach access stairs. The USGS has a stationary camera system (CoastCam) and meteorological station north of the parking lot on the bluff to observe waves and total water levels. UxS were approved to map the coast in view of the CoastCam and where the Park Service stairs were destroyed to help evaluate the conditions of the site and monitor landscape change from storm impacts. The data products will also help validate the CoastCam imagery datasets. Between September 2024 and March 2025, USGS personnel surveyed five times and collected natural (RGB) color images, lidar data, GPS data, and bathymetric data to produce elevation maps and orthomosaics. Purpose: The imagery and AeroPoint ground control points are used to create a structure from motion (SfM) orthomosaic product and the lidar is used to produce a point cloud and an elevation model. The GPS points are used to validate the accuracy of the products. The dataset is used to evaluate the recovery from the nor’easter on September 22, 2025 that destroyed the beach access stairs and will help monitor landscape change from additional storm impacts. Supplemental_Information: For more information about the WHCMSC Field Activity, see https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/services/activity.php?fan=2025-005-FA. Images can be viewed or downloaded on the USGS Imagery Data System here https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/idsviewer/data_release/10.5066-P1Z9NCQX in the collection 2025_Marconi_Jan_YSMP. Note that the bounding coordinates are for the entire area and not individual files. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20250123 Currentness_Reference: Ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Not planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -69.96693083 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -69.96097703 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.89979187 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.88831692 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: Yellowscan Mapper Plus Theme_Keyword: DJI Matrice 600 Theme_Keyword: Bare Earth Theme_Keyword: Point Cloud Theme_Keyword: UAS Theme_Keyword: AeroPoints Theme_Keyword: Emlid Theme_Keyword: orthomosaics Theme_Keyword: digital surface models Theme_Keyword: Aerial Imaging and Mapping Group Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: remote sensing Theme_Keyword: digital elevation models Theme_Keyword: structure from motion Theme_Keyword: image mosaics Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme_Keyword: GPS measurement Theme_Keyword: image collections Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:67a2310dd34e05baae1c8501 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Common geographic areas Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: Cape Cod National Seashore Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: Commonwealth of Massachusetts Place_Keyword: Wellfleet (616837) Place_Keyword: Marconi Beach Access_Constraints: No access constraints. Please see 'Distribution Information' for details. Use_Constraints: These data are marked with a Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal License. These data are in the public domain and do not have any use constraints. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. These data are not intended for navigational use. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jin-Si R. Over Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2297 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jover@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/67a2310dd34e05baae1c8501?name=2025-005-FA_Marconi_Jan_data_browse.png&allowOpen=true Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Data and products of Marconi Beach in January 2025: Lidar point cloud, RGB imagery, digital elevation model, and orthomosaic. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Native_Data_Set_Environment: Agisoft Metashape Pro v. 2.1.4, Emlid Studio v. 1.8, Trimble PosPac UAV v. 9.0, YellowScan CloudStation v. 2405.0.0, Global Mapper Pro v. 26.0 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Jin-Si R. Over Originator: Andrew C. Ritchie Originator: Christine J. Kranenburg Originator: Jenna A. Brown Originator: Daniel D. Buscombe Originator: Tom Noble Originator: Christopher R. Sherwood Originator: Jonathan A. Warrick Originator: Phillipe A. Wernette Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Processing coastal imagery with Agisoft Metashape Professional Edition, version 1.6-Structure from motion workflow documentation Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2021-1039 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: This publication includes the general methodology for processing imagery in Metashape to produce digital surface models and ortho products. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211039 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: GPS: The theoretical internal accuracy of the Emlid RS3 survey equipment is 2 cm. Points that had a FIX were assumed to be within that tolerance after staking out at known reference mark MAR-RM1 and the values were within 2 cm. The vertical and horizontal root mean square errors (RMSE) for each point were also reported in 2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_GPS_Emlid_RS3.csv. The AeroPoint2 GCPs have an internal reported variance provided in 2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_AeroPoints.csv, the global accuracy was calculated and reported below by adding the variance to twice the longest baseline distance. GeoTIFFs: The horizontal and vertical accuracy of the products (2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_YSMP_Lidar_DSM_25cm.tif and 2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_YSMP_SfM_Ortho_5cm.tif) were assessed using the AeroPoint2 ground control points (GCPs) and check points. It should also be noted that accuracy estimates of the products are for areas of bare ground or low vegetation where GCPs were placed or check points taken. Additional sources of error, such as moving objects, may cause accuracy estimates to exceed estimates in localized portions of the products. Lidar: The point cloud (2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_YSMP_LPC.laz) positional accuracy is based on the GPS/IMU and post positional corrections from the base station but the vertical point spread on a flat surface is about 5 cm. The colorization is based on the closest image and may be off by up to 30 cm. Some misalignment in the collected lidar strips on the distal ends of the collection may occur. Users are advised to evaluate the data for their own needs. Logical_Consistency_Report: There was one UAS flight and ten AeroPoint2 GCPs. The flight (8 min) used the YellowScan Mapper Plus (YSMP) on the M600 to collect lidar data and RGB images. The images and AeroPoint data were used to create the orthomosaic using SfM and the GPS base data and the lidar data produced the lidar point cloud (LPC) and digital surface model (DSM). Two Emlid RS3 GPS units were used to collect check points to validate the elevation products. Completeness_Report: Imagery: The YSMP camera triggered every 2 seconds. Images at takeoff and landing were removed. A total of 455 YSMP images are on the IDS and were used in SfM processing. Products: GeoTIFF products are cloud-optimized and Deflate compressed. The LPC has been cleaned in Global Mapper to remove water points and wave noise. The total area covered by the YSMP photos was much larger than where the AeroPoint2 GCPs were placed (n=10), leading to less accurate results on the outer edges of the structure from motion (SfM) surfaces, beyond (~100 meters) the GCP placement. To reduce the extent of the errors the extent of the final orthomosaic product was cropped to a smaller area covered by the AeroPoint2s but still encompasses the areas in view of the CoastCam. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Images: The YSMP images were geotagged with the post-processed lidar *.T04 file and Emlid RS2 base station data and had an average xy accuracy of 0.02 m. GPS: Emlid RS3 GPS points have a xy RMSE average of 2 cm. AeroPoint2 horizontal global accuracy is 2.7 cm. Lidar: The lidar point cloud, and by association the DSM, horizontal accuracy was assessed against positions of the AeroPoint2s in the intensity view. The horizontal accuracy is variable and within 20 cm. SfM: The orthomosaic was spatially georeferenced using AeroPoint2 GCPs (n=10) and created using SfM. The horizontal RMSE of the check points as reported from the Metashape projects were xy 0.029/0.026 m. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Images: The YSMP images were geotagged with the post-processed lidar *.T04 file and base station data and had an average z accuracy of 0.1 m. GPS: Emlid RS3 GPS points have a z RMSE average of 1 cm. AeroPoint2 global vertical accuracy is 3.1 cm. Lidar: The lidar point cloud was assessed against USGS 3DEP (https://www.usgs.gov/3d-elevation-program) surface, and the vertical difference on the parking lot surface is within 25 cm. The lidar based DSM was assessed against the elevations of the AeroPoint2s and Real Time Kinematic (RTK) points, and the RMSE (n=81) was 10 cm, this may be biased by check shots made in low vegetation, using just the AeroPoint2s the RSME (n=10) is 5 cm. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: GROUND CONTROL: Ten AeroPoint2 GCPs were spaced out over the field site and left on for at least 30 minutes to collect Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data. After collection the AeroPoint2s data were uploaded via a Wi-Fi connection and run through a post-processing kinematic algorithm of the Propeller Corrections Network to get corrected positions. The data were exported in NAD83(2011) (EPSG:6318) to produce latitude, longitude, and ellipsoid heights, and then NAD83(2011)/UTM zone 19N (EPSG:6348) and NAVD88 (EPSP:5703) with GEOID 18 to produce easting and northing and orthometric heights. These were exported to a CSV file and named 2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_AeroPoints.csv. An Emlid RS2 was set up as a base station using an RTK fix on the highest section of boardwalk to record GNSS data for post processing the lidar data. Two Emlid RS3s with tilt compensation were used. E3 was connected to the base and E2 was connected to the CORS network to take RTK three-second averaged check shots on the bluff, beach, and AeroPoint2s; data were provided in 2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_GPS_Emlid_RS3.csv Step processed by J. Cramer, J. Over, and S. Brosnahan. Process_Date: 20250123 Process_Step: Process_Description: UAS FLIGHTS: The lidar sensor was a 905 nm wavelength Livox Avia with a 70.4/4.5 degree horizontal and vertical field of view (FOV). A configuration text file that controls camera triggering height, the camera triggering interval, and the lidar scan pattern was pre-loaded onto a 256 GB USB thumb drive. The lidar scanner was set to a repetitive (linear back and forth) motion optimal for unvegetated surfaces. The camera module is a SONY UMC - 10RC which takes 20 megapixel (MP) photos. The system also consists of a Trimble AV18 GNSS antenna mounted to the top of the UAS and connected to the lidar system via GNSS cable. The lidar data was saved to the thumb drive in three different files: (1) the IMU/GPS data, decimated for quick post-processing, in binary *.ys format, (2) the scanner data in *.lvx format (~600 MB per minute of data collection), (3) and the complete IMU/GPS data in Applanix (Trimble) binary *.T04 format. The RGB images are saved to a 64 GB micro-SD card as *.JPG files. The YSMP was attached to a DJI Matrice 600 Pro UAS with approved government edition firmware. The YSMP lidar data were collected with the UAS flying at 8 m/s at 68 meters above ground level with north-south transect passes. The camera module was set to take images every 2 seconds. After the flight the lidar data were taken off the sensor. Note, the YSMP geotagged positions embedded in the imagery Exif information were in EPSG:4326, this is how the data were collected. The positions were converted to EPSG:6348 and EPSG:5703 in the processing software and the converted positions are reported in the imagery location file (2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_YSMP_ImageLocations.csv) and represented in the final SfM products. Step processed by Seth Ackerman, J. Cramer, and S. Brosnahan. Process_Date: 20250123 Process_Step: Process_Description: RAW IMAGERY: The YSMP images were geotagged in Emlid Studio using the lidar *.T04 file and base station RINEX files. All images were processed to add additional information required by the USGS to the Exif headers using ExifTools (https://exiftool.org/, version: 12.06), and the files were renamed to a unique identifier using Namexif (http://www.digicamsoft.com/softnamexif.html, version 2.1) to avoid any possibility of duplicate names. These steps are described here. 1. ExifTools was used to tag each photo headers following the Imagery Data System Exif Guidance. Attributes (e.g. Credit, Copyright, UsageTerms, ImageDescription, Artist, etc) were stored in a csv file and written to each image with the command:' exiftool -csv="C:\directory\name\EXIF.csv" C:\directory\name\of\photos *.JPG ' To read out the photo information to a csv when in the directory with the photos the command is: exiftool -csv *.JPG > directory/name/allheaders_out.csv 2. All the images were renamed with Namexif (https://us.digicamsoft.com/softnamexif.html v 2.2 accessed April 2020) to ensure unique filenames and compliance with the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program's best practices for image naming convention. Images were renamed with the field survey ID prefix; flight number, and ID that distinguishes USGS cameras by make/camera number, the image acquisition date, coordinated universal time (UTC) in ISO8601 format, and a suffix with the original image name. For example, image name '2025005FA_f01YSMP_20250123T165822Z_IMG_####_#', 2025005FA is the field activity ID; f01 is the flight number; YSMP is the camera on the YellowScan Mapper Plus; 20250123 is the UTC date in the format YYYYMMDD, and a 'T' is used to separate UTC date from UTC time in format HHMMSS followed by a Z. The IMG_#### is the original raw photo name appended to the end of the new filename. 3. Images are validated and uploaded onto the Imagery Data System. 4. The 2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_ImageLocations.csv was created with the exif command: exiftool –ImageName –GPSDateTime –csv *.JPG > .\2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_YSMP_ImageLocations.csv Step processed by J. Over. Process_Date: 20250307 Process_Step: Process_Description: PHOTOGRAMMETRY: The ortho product was created in Agisoft Metashape v. 2.1.4 using the following general steps (see Over and others, 2021 for a more detailed SfM methodology explanation): 1. A project was created and imagery was imported and assigned the WGS84 (EPSG:4326) reference system and then were immediately converted to EPSG: 6318 and then EPSG:6348 and EPSG:5703. These converted positions were added to the 2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_YSMP_ImageLocations.csv. 2. Photos were aligned at a low accuracy and then GCPs were automatically detected in the point cloud. GCP positions (2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_AeroPoints.csv) were added to the project in the reference systems EPSG:6348 and EPSG:5703 using GEOID 18. The horizontal and vertical accuracies for the GCPs were set to 0.01/0.02 m, respectively and the camera positions for the images were turned off. The photos were then re-aligned with high accuracy (the pixels were not subsampled) using a keypoint limit of 60,000 and unlimited tie points. 3. The alignment process matched pixels between images to create point clouds and put the imagery into a relative spatial context using the GCPs. The resultant point clouds were filtered using one iteration of the 'Reconstruction uncertainty' filter at a level of 13, one iteration of the 'Projection accuracy' filter at a level of 3.5, and multiple iterations of the 'Reprojection accuracy' filter to get to a level of 0.3. With each filter, iteration points are selected, deleted, and then the camera model was optimized to refine the focal length, cx, cy, k1, k2, k3, p1, and p2 camera model coefficients. 4. In a new chunk a high quality dense cloud with a low-frequency filtering algorithm was made. The dense point cloud was then edited by visual inspection to remove points with a low confidence near the edges and near water bodies. 5. An interpolated DSM was built from the dense point cloud and then an orthomosaic was built from the DSM with refined seamlines. The orthomosaic is a 3-band orthomosaic exported at 5 cm resolution (2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_YSMP_SfM_Ortho_5cm.tif). Step processed by J. Over. Process_Date: 20250310 Process_Step: Process_Description: LIDAR DATA: The YSMP lidar data were processed in YellowScan CloudStation software integrated with Trimble POSPac UAV 9.0. Raw scanner data (*.ys file) was imported into YellowScan CloudStation, the sensor LiDAR (*.profile) and Camera (*.camera) profiles, provided by the vendor, were selected for the project and the project coordinate reference system was set to EPSG:6318. CloudStation flight trajectories were adjusted manually to select the desired data to be processed. The *.T04 file and base station GNSS RINEX file were used to correct and optimize the sensor position trajectories and produce a Smoothed Best Estimate of Trajectory (SBET) file in *.txt ASCII format, which represents the Post Processing Kinematic (PPK) Solution. The lever arm offsets and boresight angle corrections were applied to the LPC, along with a strip adjustment between transect swaths using CloudStation's "robust" setting. The lidar point cloud (LPC) was colored by the YSMP camera based on the photo timestamp. Finally, the Cut Overlap function was applied to remove redundant points based on the smaller scan angle. The LPC was then exported in *.laz 1.4 in EPSG:6348. The LPC was brought into Global Mapper and manually cleaned of points interpreted to be noise or are above a reasonable elevation threshold based on the surrounding features before the data were QA/QC’d with 3DEP, GCPs, and GPS check points. Then, the LPC was gridded at 0.25 m into a DSM using maximum values binning grid method and the setting 'Grid "No Data" Distance' set to 5; the resulting file was exported as 2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_YSMP_Lidar_DSM_25cm.tif. The LPC was exported as 2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_YSMP_LPC.laz. All files were exported in EPSG:6348 and EPSG:5703 using GEOID 18. Step processed by J. Over. Process_Date: 20250311 Process_Step: Process_Description: CLOUD OPTIMIZATION: All GeoTIFF products were Deflate compressed and turned into a cloud-optimized GeoTIFFs (COG) using gdal_translate with the following command: for %i in (.\*.tif) do gdal_translate %i .\cog\%~ni.tif -of COG -stats -co BLOCKSIZE=256 -co COMPRESS=DEFLATE -co PREDICTOR=YES -co NUM_THREADS=ALL_CPUS -co BIGTIFF=YES (v. 3.1.4 accessed October 20, 2020 https://gdal.org/). Where i is the name of each GeoTIFF section. Step processed by J. Over. Process_Date: 20250312 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jin-Si R. Over Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2297 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jover@usgs.gov Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 19 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -69.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.001 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.001 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 (National Spatial Reference System 2011) Ellipsoid_Name: GRS_1980 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Altitude_Resolution: 0.001 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_YSMP_ImageLocations.csv Entity_Type_Definition: The CSV file contains the approximate position of the YSMP images at the moment of each capture. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: ImageName Attribute_Definition: File names of individual images, see the Process Description for file naming convention. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Attribute: Attribute_Label: GPSDateTime Attribute_Definition: Date and UTC time in YYYY:MM:DD HH:MM:ss Attribute_Definition_Source: Processor defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Latitude NAD83[2011] Attribute_Definition: Latitude (x) of UAS based on time of each image capture. Positive values represent North coordinates. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 41.88791667 Range_Domain_Maximum: 41.90003056 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Longitude NAD83[2011] Attribute_Definition: Longitude (y) of UAS based on time of each image capture. Negative values represent West coordinates. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -69.96661111 Range_Domain_Maximum: -69.96043056 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Ellipsoid height NAD83[2011] Attribute_Definition: Altitude of the UAS position at the time of each image capture relative to the NAD83(2011) reference ellipsoid GRS80. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 27.600 Range_Domain_Maximum: 59.900 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Easting 19N Attribute_Definition: Post-processed interpolated X-coordinate of UAS based on time of each image capture NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 419821.397 Range_Domain_Maximum: 420320.016 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Northing 19N Attribute_Definition: Post-processed interpolated Y-coordinate of UAS based on time of each image capture NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 4637779.652 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4639126.834 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Orthometric height NAVD88 Attribute_Definition: Post-processed Z-coordinate of the UAS at the time of each image capture relative to NAVD88 with GEOID 18 applied. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 55.392 Range_Domain_Maximum: 87.705 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_AeroPoints.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Ground control point positions, elevations, and attributes Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: FAN Attribute_Definition: USGS Field Activity Number Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2025-005-FA Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Year, USGS ID, and Field Activity Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Date Attribute_Definition: Calendar date of collection Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 20250123 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: YYYYMMDD Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Point ID Attribute_Definition: Unique point identification number. Attribute_Definition_Source: Processor defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 10 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Attributes Attribute_Definition: Unique identifier for ground control points. Prefix AP-### refers to AeroPoint2 and the last 3 digits of its identifying code. Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Latitude NAD83[2011] Attribute_Definition: Post-processed latitude of AeroPoint2 position (NAD83[2011]). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 41.88987167 Range_Domain_Maximum: 41.89569071 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Longitude NAD83[2011] Attribute_Definition: Post-processed longitude of AeroPoint2 position (NAD83[2011]). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -69.96487395 Range_Domain_Maximum: -69.96227904 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Ellipsoid height NAD83[2011] Attribute_Definition: Post-processed height in meters of AeroPoint2 in relation to the NAD83(2011) reference ellipsoid GRS80. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -26.612 Range_Domain_Maximum: -7.839 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Easting 19N Attribute_Definition: Post-processed interpolated X-coordinate of AeroPoint2 in NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 419969.681 Range_Domain_Maximum: 420168.661 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Northing 19N Attribute_Definition: Post-processed interpolated Y-coordinate of AeroPoint2 in NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 4637996.557 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4638643.982 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Orthometric height NAVD88 Attribute_Definition: Post-processed Z-coordinate of AeroPoint2 using NAVD88 with GEOID 18 applied. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 2.187 Range_Domain_Maximum: 19.957 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Xvar mm Attribute_Definition: Variance in the X-coordinate from post-processing Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.4 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.3 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: millimeters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Yvar mm Attribute_Definition: Variance in the Y-coordinate from post-processing Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.2 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.8 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: millimeters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Zvar mm Attribute_Definition: Variance in the Z-coordinate from post-processing Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 2.2 Range_Domain_Maximum: 7.4 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: millimeters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Baseline distance km Attribute_Definition: distance of AeroPoint2 from nearest used processing network base station Attribute_Definition_Source: Propeller Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.05 Range_Domain_Maximum: 11.58 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: kilometers Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_GPS_Emlid_RS3.csv Entity_Type_Definition: GPS positions, elevations, and attributes Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: FAN Attribute_Definition: USGS Field Activity Number Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2025-005-FA Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Year, USGS ID, and Field Activity Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Date Attribute_Definition: Calendar date of collection Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 20250123 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: YYYYMMDD Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Point ID Attribute_Definition: Unique point identification number. NaN assigned to reference point pre-loaded into project. Discontinuous as points unrelated camera calibration were removed. Attribute_Definition_Source: Processor defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 100 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Emlid ID Attribute_Definition: The ID of the Emlid RS3 used to take the point. NaN assigned to reference point pre-loaded into project. Attribute_Definition_Source: Processor defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 2 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Attributes Attribute_Definition: Identifier for GPS check shots. OPUS MAR-RM2 and RM1 refers to the known solution of reference mark 1 and 2 at Marconi Beach, prefix 'stake' refers to a check in on the reference mark either at the beginning ('OPEN') or at the end ('CLOSE') of the survey, AP-### refers to a surveyed AeroPoint2, and 'transect' refers to a check point taken along a line from the bluff to the water. The prefix CACO-04 refers to the CoastCam and then what was measured; camera 1 (c1), camera 2 (c2), the bracket, or the bracket hole. Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Latitude NAD83[2011] Attribute_Definition: RTK x position of the point relative to (NAD83[2011]). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 41.89117593 Range_Domain_Maximum: 41.89569036 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Longitude NAD83[2011] Attribute_Definition: RTK y position of the point relative to (NAD83[2011]). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -69.96438642 Range_Domain_Maximum: -69.96230716 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Ellipsoid height NAD83[2011] Attribute_Definition: RTK z position of the point relative to the NAD83(2011) reference ellipsoid GRS80. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -28.033 Range_Domain_Maximum: -8.577 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Easting 19N Attribute_Definition: RTK x position of the point relative to NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 419995.6 Range_Domain_Maximum: 420167.957 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Northing 19N Attribute_Definition: RTK y position of the point relative to NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 4638141.795 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4638643.943 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Orthometric height NAVD88 Attribute_Definition: RTK z position of the point relative to NAVD88 with GEOID 18 applied. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.234 Range_Domain_Maximum: 19.222 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Tilt angle Attribute_Definition: Angle to nadir of the Emlid RS3 Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 11.5 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Elevation RMS m Attribute_Definition: Root mean square in the Z-coordinate Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.011 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.019 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Lateral RMS m Attribute_Definition: Root mean square in the horizontal XY-coordinate Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.002 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.026 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Baseline m Attribute_Definition: Distance from the rover to the base station. A value of NaN is present for the OPUS solution which does not have a baseline value. Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 46.301 Range_Domain_Maximum: 11,987.410 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_YSMP_LPC.laz Entity_Type_Definition: UAS lidar point cloud in *.laz file format. This georeferenced point cloud was colorized using natural color RGB image values and is not classified. There are 56,025,333 points. Point density is 261.74 points per square meter and point spacing is 0.062 m. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: Elevation Attribute_Definition: Surface elevation in EPSG:5703 using GEOID 18. Attribute_Definition_Source: YellowScan CloudStation Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -1.390 Range_Domain_Maximum: 27.68 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Intensity Attribute_Definition: Lidar intensity is recorded as the return strength of a laser beam during data collection. Value is scaled 16-bit integer from 0 to 65,535) Attribute_Definition_Source: YellowScan CloudStation Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 65,025 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: none Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_YSMP_Lidar_DSM_25cm.tif Entity_Type_Definition: A cloud-optimized deflate compressed digital surface model created from the lidar point cloud maximum values with encoded elevation values. Pixel resolution is 25 cm. No-data value is –3.4028e+38. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Elevation Attribute_Definition: Surface elevation in EPSG:5703 using GEOID 18. Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -1.306 Range_Domain_Maximum: 27.98 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_YSMP_SfM_Ortho_5cm.tif Entity_Type_Definition: Cloud-optimized deflate compressed true-color (RGB) orthomosaic. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Band_1 Attribute_Definition: Red wavelength band Attribute_Definition_Source: Agisoft Metashape Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 255 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Band_2 Attribute_Definition: Green wavelength band Attribute_Definition_Source: Agisoft Metashape Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 255 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Band_3 Attribute_Definition: Blue wavelength band Attribute_Definition_Source: Agisoft Metashape Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 255 Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The filenames are formatted as "2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_sensor/product_resolution.*** ", where 2025005 is the USGS Field activity ID, location is Marconi Beach (Marconi), Jan is month of data collection, sensors are YellowScan Mapper Plus (YSMP), AeroPoints, Emlid RS3, and products include structure from motion (SfM) orthomosaic, lidar derived digital surface model (DSM), and lidar point cloud (LPC). Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: USGS Field Activity 2025-005-FA Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Aerial imaging and mapping of Marconi Beach includes the imagery (YSMP), orthomosaic, the YSMP lidar point cloud, digital surface model, Emlid GPS check points, and AeroPoint2 ground control points. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Not for navigational use. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: GeoTIFF Format_Version_Number: 1.0.0 Format_Specification: Cloud optimized GeoTIFF format Adobe deflate compressed Format_Information_Content: 2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_YSMP_Lidar_DSM_25cm.tif (11.8 MB) is an elevation model and 2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_YSMP_SfM_Ortho_5cm.tif (143 MB) is an orthomosaic. Transfer_Size: 155 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/67a2310dd34e05baae1c8501 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/67a2310dd34e05baae1c8501 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1Z9NCQX Access_Instructions: The first link in the list above is to the child page where files can be downloaded individually, the second link is to directly download all the data on the page, and third link is to the doi to the main publication. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: CSV Format_Version_Number: Exported from Excel Office 365 16.01 Format_Information_Content: The CSV file 2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_AeroPoints.csv contains ground control data, 2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_GPS_RS3.csv contains GPS check points, and 2025005FA_Marconi_Jan_YSMP_ImageryLocations.csv contains a list of the images and their positions. Transfer_Size: 0.1 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/67a2310dd34e05baae1c8501 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/67a2310dd34e05baae1c8501 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1Z9NCQX Access_Instructions: The first link in the list above is to the child page where files can be downloaded individually, the second link is to directly download all the data on the page, and third link is to the doi to the main publication. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: JPEG Format_Version_Number: 1.0.0 Format_Information_Content: The YSMP images. Transfer_Size: 3120 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/67a2310dd34e05baae1c8501 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/67a2310dd34e05baae1c8501 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13T9TTH Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1Z9NCQX Access_Instructions: The first link in the list above is to the child page where files can be downloaded individually, the second link is to directly download all the supporting image data on the page, and the third link is to the Imagery Data System where the photos can be viewed and downloaded individually (filter by FA, date, and sensor type), and the fourth link is to the doi to the main publication. The transfer size is the total, in MB, if you downloaded all images from the IDS, images are not hosted on sciencebase. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: LAZ Format_Version_Number: 1.4 Format_Information_Content: LAZ (LAserZipped) is an open file format intended for point data records. File_Decompression_Technique: Use laszip to decompress Transfer_Size: 603 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/67a2310dd34e05baae1c8501 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/67a2310dd34e05baae1c8501 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P1Z9NCQX Access_Instructions: The first link in the list above is to the child page where files can be downloaded individually, the second link is to directly download all the data on the page, and third link is to the doi to the main publication. Fees: None. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20251126 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jin-Si R. Over Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2297 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Access_Constraints: None Metadata_Use_Constraints: None