Hydrological and chemical records from the flooded Ox Bel Ha cave system in the Yucatan Peninsula, Quintana Roo, from August 2014 to January 2015

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What does this data set describe?

Title:
Hydrological and chemical records from the flooded Ox Bel Ha cave system in the Yucatan Peninsula, Quintana Roo, from August 2014 to January 2015
Abstract:
Natural cave passages penetrating coastal aquifers in the Yucatan Peninsula (Quintana Roo, Mexico) were accessed to investigate how regional meteorology and hydrology control dissolved organic carbon and methane dynamics in karst subterranean estuaries, the region of aquifers where fresh and saline waters mix. Three field trips were carried out in December 2013, August 2014, and January 2015 to obtain 1) physicochemical and 2) geochemical data from the water column and 3) temporal records of water chemistry and hydrological parameters below and above the surface at three sites within the Ox Bel Ha cave (Cenote Jailhouse, Cenote Naach Wennen Ha, and Cenote Odyssey) and another cave (Cenote Crustacea). These efforts resulted in vertical physicochemical and geochemical profiles from the water column of the flooded caves from the region. In addition, the sampling resulted in temporal chemical and hydrological records of dissolved methane concentrations and chloride concentrations (used to calculate salinity) from August 2014 to January 2015, sampled by OsmoSamplers. The records encompass wet and dry seasons and include the impact of Tropical Storm Hanna during October 2014. Field activities were carried out by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program in conjunction with Texas AM University at Galveston.
Supplemental_Information:
For more information, see the following field activity: FAN 2015-013-FA: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2015-013-FA; other field campaigns that included data/sample collections were not USGS field activites
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Brankovits, David, Pohlman, John W., Lapham, Laura L., Casso, Michael, and Mann, Adrian G., 20220915, Hydrological and chemical records from the flooded Ox Bel Ha cave system in the Yucatan Peninsula, Quintana Roo, from August 2014 to January 2015: data release DOI:10.5066/P91D2OUN, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Collected in support of PhD thesis research of David Brankovits, Texas AM University
    This is part of the following larger work.

    Brankovits, David, Pohlman, John W., Lapham, Laura L., Casso, Michael, Mann, Adrian G., and Jennifer A. O'Keefe Suttles, 2022, Water column properties and temporal hydrologic and chemical records from flooded caves (Ox Bel Ha and Cenote Crustacea) within the coastal aquifer of the Yucatan Peninsula, Quintana Roo, from December 2013 to January 2015: data release DOI:10.5066/P91D2OUN, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Suggested citation: Brankovits, D., Pohlman, J.W., Lapham, L.L., Casso, M., Mann, A.G., and O'Keefe Suttles, J.A., 2022, Water column properties and temporal hydrologic and chemical records from flooded caves (Ox Bel Ha and Cenote Crustacea) within the coastal aquifer of the Yucatan Peninsula, Quintana Roo, from December 2013 to January 2015: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P91D2OUN.
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -87.6215
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -87.4155
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 20.3111
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 20.1359
  3. What does it look like?
    https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/6307c85bd34e3b967a8c1410?name=temporal.jpg&allowOpen=true (JPEG)
    Hydrologic and chemical records from Cenote Odyssey (Tulum, Mexico) showing (a) precipitation, (b) water level and dissolved oxygen (DO), and (c) methane concentrations (CH4) and salinity.
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 01-Aug-2014
    Ending_Date: 20-Jan-2015
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Point
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.00001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.00001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is World Geodetic System 1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS 84.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257.
      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Depth_System_Definition:
      Depth_Datum_Name: Local surface
      Depth_Resolution: 0.01
      Depth_Distance_Units: meters
      Depth_Encoding_Method: Attribute values
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    barometric-pressure_2014-2015
    Temporal meteorological data (barometric pressure and temperature) from the town of Tulum near the study sites. The data were collected by a logger (model: Onset U20) which was co-deployed with a rain gauge between August 2014 and January 2015. There are total of 14752 data records in the dataset. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Location
    The surface location where the measurements were taken. Speleotech_Tulum is a facility in the town of Tulum where the weather station was installed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text).
    Latitude
    Latitude of location as determined by Garmin GPSmap 60CSx GPS in decimal degrees (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:20.2066
    Maximum:20.2066
    Units:decimal degrees
    Longitude
    Longitude of location as determined by Garmin GPSmap 60CSx GPS in decimal degrees west (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-87.46798
    Maximum:-87.46798
    Units:decimal degrees
    Station
    Sampling station where device was deployed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    RoofRoof of the one house within the Speleotech dive facility that is located in the town of Tulum.
    Date
    Calendar date data were obtained in the format MM/DD/YYYY (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text).
    Time
    Time of day, local time, Central Standard Time (CST) in HH:MM:SS 24-hour format. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text).
    Pressure(millibar)
    Barometric pressure (mbar) obtained with a logger (model: Onset U20) (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1001.9
    Maximum:1020.3
    Units:milli bar (mbar)
    Temp(degC)
    Air temperature (degrees Celsius) obtained with a logger (model: Onset U20). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:14.517
    Maximum:41.575
    Units:degrees Celsius
    precipitation_2014-2015
    Precipitation data from the town of Tulum near the study sites. The data were collected by a logger (model: Onset RG3 rain gauge) which was co-deployed with a pressure gauge between August 2014 and January 2015. There are total of 154 data records in the dataset. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Location
    The surface location where the measurements were taken. Speleotech_Tulum is a facility in the town of Tulum where the weather station was installed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text).
    Latitude
    Latitude of location as determined by Garmin GPSmap 60CSx GPS in decimal degrees (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:20.2066
    Maximum:20.2066
    Units:decimal degrees
    Longitude
    Longitude of location as determined by Garmin GPSmap 60CSx GPS in decimal degrees west (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-87.46798
    Maximum:-87.46798
    Units:decimal degrees
    Station
    Sampling station where device was deployed. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    RoofRoof of the one house within the Speleotech dive facility that is located in the town of Tulum.
    Date
    Calendar date data were obtained in the format MM/DD/YYYY (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text).
    Rainfall(mm)
    Rainfall (mm) obtained with a logger (model: Onset RG3 rain gauge) (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.00
    Maximum:224.79
    Units:millimeter (mm)
    water-level-ODY
    Temporal water depth and temperature from coastal caves. The data were collected by a logger (model: Onset U20) which was co-deployed with other loggers (see simultaneous records from same location) between August 2014 and January 2015. There are total of 14500 data records in the dataset. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Location
    The surface location where the measurements were taken. Cenote Odyssey is the entry pool (flooded sinkhole) located in the interior of a tropical forest that provides access to the caves we investigated within the Ox Bel Ha cave network. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text).
    Latitude
    Latitude of location as determined by Garmin GPSmap 60CSx GPS in decimal degrees (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:20.17
    Maximum:20.17
    Units:decimal degrees
    Longitude
    Longitude of location as determined by Garmin GPSmap 60CSx GPS in decimal degrees (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-87.47
    Maximum:-87.47
    Units:decimal degrees
    Station
    Sampling station where device was deployed within cave environment. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    ODY-S1Interior cave passage where logger was deployed. ODY-S1 is found in the main corridor located approximately 20 meters upstream from the entrance in the freshwater at approximately 5 meters water depth (see relevant water depth record for temporal changes in water depth).
    Date
    Calendar date data were obtained in the format MM/DD/YYYY (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text)
    Time
    Time of day, local time, Central Standard Time (CST) in HH:MM:SS 24-hour format. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text).
    Depth(m)
    Water depth (m) as measured with an Onset U20 (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:4.89
    Maximum:5.67
    Units:meters (m)
    Temp(degC)
    Temperature: water temperature (degrees C) as measured with an Onset U20 (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:24.84
    Maximum:25.81
    Units:degrees Celsius
    water-level-NWH
    Temporal water depth and temperature from coastal caves. The data were collected by a logger (model: Onset U20) which was co-deployed with other loggers (see simultaneous records from same location) between August 2014 and January 2015. There are total of 14606 data records in the dataset. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Location
    The surface location where the measurements were taken. Cenote Naach Wennen Ha (NWH) is the entry pool (flooded sinkhole) located in the interior of a tropical forest that provides access to the caves we investigated within the Ox Bel Ha cave network. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text).
    Latitude
    Latitude of location as determined by Garmin GPSmap 60CSx GPS in decimal degrees (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:20.17
    Maximum:20.17
    Units:decimal degrees
    Longitude
    Longitude of location as determined by Garmin GPSmap 60CSx GPS in decimal degrees (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-87.46
    Maximum:-87.46
    Units:decimal degrees
    Station
    Sampling station where device was deployed within cave environment. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    NWH-S1Interior cave passage where logger was deployed. NWH-S1 is found in the main corridor located approximately 50 meters upstream from the entrance in the freshwater at approximately 5.5 meters water depth (see relevant water depth record for temporal changes in water depth).
    Date
    Calendar date data were obtained in the format MM/DD/YYYY (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text).
    Time
    Time of day, local time, Central Standard Time (CST) in HH:MM:SS 24-hour format. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text).
    Depth(m)
    Water depth (m) as measured with an Onset U20 (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:5.13
    Maximum:5.98
    Units:meters (m)
    Temp(degC)
    Water temperature (degrees C) as measured with an Onset U20 (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:25.81
    Maximum:26.39
    Units:degrees Celsius
    flow-ODY
    Water flow velocity and flow direction data from coastal caves. The data were collected by a logger (model: TCM-1 by Lowell Instruments INC) which was co-deployed with other loggers (see simultaneous records from same location) between August 2014 and January 2015. There are total of 217200 data records in the dataset. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Location
    The surface location where the measurements were taken. Cenote Odyssey is the entry pool (flooded sinkhole) located in the interior of a tropical forest that provides access to the caves we investigated within the Ox Bel Ha cave network. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text).
    Latitude
    Latitude of location as determined by Garmin GPSmap 60CSx GPS in decimal degrees (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:20.17
    Maximum:20.17
    Units:decimal degrees
    Longitude
    Longitude of location as determined by Garmin GPSmap 60CSx GPS in decimal degrees (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-87.47
    Maximum:-87.47
    Units:decimal degrees
    Station
    Sampling station where device was deployed within cave environment. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    ODY-S1Interior cave passage where logger was deployed. ODY-S1 is found in the main corridor located approximately 20 meters upstream from the entrance in the freshwater at 5 meters water depth.
    Date
    Calendar date data were obtained in the format MM/DD/YYYY (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text).
    Time
    Time of day, local time, Central Standard Time (CST) in HH:MM:SS 24-hour format. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text).
    Speed(cm/s)
    Current speed (cm/s) as measured with a TCM-1 Lowell tilt-current meter (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.07
    Maximum:0.86
    Units:centimeters per second (cm/s)
    Bearing(degrees)
    Flow direction as single angle in degrees going clockwise from 0.01 to 360 (due north), measured with a TCM-1 Lowell tilt-current meter. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:87.05
    Maximum:194.87
    Units:degrees
    flow-NWH
    Temporal hydrologic data from coastal caves. The data were collected by a logger (model: TCM-1 by Lowell Instruments INC) which was co-deployed with other loggers (see simultaneous records from same location) between August 2014 and January 2015. There are total of 215567 data records in the dataset. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Location
    The surface location where the measurements were taken. Cenote Naach Wennen Ha (NWH) is the entry pool (flooded sinkhole) located in the interior of a tropical forest that provides access to the caves we investigated within the Ox Bel Ha cave network. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text).
    Latitude
    Latitude of location as determined by Garmin GPSmap 60CSx GPS in decimal degrees (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:20.17
    Maximum:20.17
    Units:decimal degrees
    Longitude
    Longitude of location as determined by Garmin GPSmap 60CSx GPS in decimal degrees (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-87.46
    Maximum:-87.46
    Units:decimal degrees
    Station
    Sampling station where device was deployed within cave environment. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    NWH-S1Interior cave passage where logger was deployed. NWH-S1 is found in the main corridor located approximately 50 meters upstream from the entrance in the freshwater at 5.5 meters water depth.
    Date
    Calendar date data were obtained in the format MM/DD/YYYY (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text).
    Time
    Time of day, local time, Central Standard Time (CST) in HH:MM:SS 24-hour format. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text).
    Speed(cm/s)
    Current speed (cm/s) as measured with a TCM-1 Lowell tilt-current meter (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.07
    Maximum:3.92
    Units:centimeters per second (cm/s)
    Bearing(degrees)
    Flow direction as single angle in degrees going clockwise from 0.01 to 360 (due north), measured with a TCM-1 Lowell tilt-current meter. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.01
    Maximum:360.00
    Units:degrees
    osmosampler-ODY
    Temporal chemical record data from coastal caves. The data were collected by an OsmoSampler that was deployed in Cenote Odyssey between August 2014 and January 2015 in the fresh groundwater. There are total of 108 data records in the dataset. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Location
    The surface location where the measurements were taken. Cenote Odyssey is the entry pool (flooded sinkhole) located in the interior of a tropical forest that provides access to the caves we investigated within the Ox Bel Ha cave network. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text)
    Latitude
    Latitude of location as determined by Garmin GPSmap 60CSx GPS in decimal degrees (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:20.17
    Maximum:20.17
    Units:decimal degrees
    Longitude
    Longitude of location as determined by Garmin GPSmap 60CSx GPS in decimal degrees (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-87.47
    Maximum:-87.47
    Units:decimal degrees
    Station
    Sampling station where device was deployed within cave environment. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    ODY-S1Interior cave passage where logger was deployed. ODY-S1 is found in the main corridor located approximately 20 meters upstream from the entrance in the freshwater at 5 meters water depth.
    Sample_ID
    Format for sample ID for the individual copper coil sections from the OsmoSampler. 'OD' represents the location 'CENOTE ODYSSEY' referring to the cave location where the sampler was installed. The numeric code is the unique identifier of the sample (which is the same as the sequence number of the copper coil section). When the unique identifier is present twice in the data table, it means that one part of the sample was analyzed for methane and the other part was analyzed for chloride. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text).
    Date
    Calendar date sample was obtained in the format MM/DD/YYYY (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text).
    Time
    Time of day, local time, Central Standard Time (CST) in HH:MM:SS 24-hour format. Time indicates an average time (the mid-time point) of the time period represented by the sample. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text).
    Period(days)
    Period (days) is the length of time represented by the sample. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.2
    Maximum:1.6
    Units:days
    Salinity(psu)
    Salinity (psu) value of water sample calculated by multiplying the ion chromatograph determined chloride concentration by 0.0018066. Blank values indicate section sample has not been analyzed for this attribute. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.51
    Maximum:2.97
    Units:unitless
    Chloride(milliM)
    Chloride concentration of water sample measured by ion chromatography. Blank values indicate section sample has not been analyzed for this attribute. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:7.93
    Maximum:46.32
    Units:millimolar (mM)
    CH4(nanoM)
    Dissolved methane (CH4) concentration (nM) of the water sample determined by analysis by gas chromatography flame-ionization detection. Blank values indicate section sample has not been analyzed for this attribute. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:23.90
    Maximum:44968.72
    Units:nanomolar (nM)
    osmosampler-NWH
    Temporal chemical record data from coastal caves. The data were collected by an OsmoSampler that was deployed in Cenote Naach Wennen Ha between August 2014 and January 2015 in the fresh groundwater. There are total of 91 data records in the dataset. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Location
    The surface location where the measurements were taken. Cenote Naach Wennen Ha (NWH) is the entry pool (flooded sinkhole) located in the interior of a tropical forest that provides access to the caves we investigated within the Ox Bel Ha cave network. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text).
    Latitude
    Latitude of location as determined by Garmin GPSmap 60CSx GPS in decimal degrees (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:20.17
    Maximum:20.17
    Units:decimal degrees
    Longitude
    Longitude of location as determined by Garmin GPSmap 60CSx GPS in decimal degrees (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-87.46
    Maximum:-87.46
    Units:decimal degrees
    Station
    Sampling station where device was deployed within cave environment. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    NWH-S1Interior cave passage where logger was deployed. NWH-S1 is found in the main corridor located approximately 50 meters upstream from the entrance in the freshwater at 5.5 meters water depth.
    Sample_ID
    Format for sample ID for the individual copper coil sections from the OsmoSampler. 'TA' represents the location 'CENOTE NAACH WENNEN HA' referring to the cave location where the sampler was installed. The numeric code is the unique identifier of the sample (which is the same as the sequence number of the copper coil section). When the unique identifier is present twice in the data table, it means that one part of the sample was analyzed for methane and the other part was analyzed for chloride. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text)
    Date
    Calendar date sample was obtained in the format MM/DD/YYYY (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text).
    Time
    Time of day, local time, Central Standard Time (CST) in HH:MM:SS 24-hour format. Time indicates an average time (the mid-time point) of the time period represented by the sample. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text).
    Period(days)
    Period (days) is the length of time represented by the sample. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.28
    Maximum:2.27
    Units:days
    Salinity(psu)
    Salinity (psu) value of water sample calculated by multiplying the ion chromatograph determined chloride concentration by 0.0018066. Blank values indicate section sample has not been analyzed for this attribute. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.42
    Maximum:2.70
    Units:unitless
    Chloride(milliM)
    Chloride concentration (mM) of water sample measured by ion chromatography. Blank values indicate section sample has not been analyzed for this attribute. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:6.59
    Maximum:42.11
    Units:millimolar (mM)
    CH4(nanoM)
    Dissolved methane (CH4) concentration (nM) of the water sample determined by analysis by gas chromatography flame-ionization detection. Blank values indicate section sample has not been analyzed for this attribute. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:106.17
    Maximum:5571.80
    Units:nanomolar (nM)
    DO-ODY
    Temporal hydrologic data from coastal caves. The data were collected by a logger (model: Onset U26) which was co-deployed with other loggers (see simultaneous records from same location) between August 2014 and January 2015. There are total of 14424 data records in the dataset. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Location
    The surface location where the measurements were taken. Cenote Odyssey is the entry pool (flooded sinkhole) located in the interior of a tropical forest that provides access to the caves we investigated within the Ox Bel Ha cave network. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text).
    Latitude
    Latitude of location as determined by Garmin GPSmap 60CSx GPS in decimal degrees (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:20.17
    Maximum:20.17
    Units:decimal degrees
    Longitude
    Longitude of location as determined by Garmin GPSmap 60CSx GPS in decimal degrees (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-87.47
    Maximum:-87.47
    Units:decimal degrees
    Station
    Sampling station where device was deployed within cave environment. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    ODY-S1Interior cave passage where logger was deployed. ODY-S1 is found in the main corridor located approximately 20 meters upstream from the entrance in the freshwater at 5 meters water depth.
    Date
    Calendar date sample was obtained in the format MM/DD/YYYY (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text).
    Time
    Time of day, local time, Central Standard Time (CST) in HH:MM:SS 24-hour format. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set (text).
    DO(mg/L)
    Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) as measured with an Onset U26 logger. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-0.01
    Maximum:0.77
    Units:milligrams per liter (mg/L)
    Temp(degC)
    Temperature (degrees C) of the water as measured with an Onset U26 logger. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:24.80
    Maximum:25.82
    Units:degrees Celsius
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    The dataset contains one Excel file with 9 tabs (OxBelHaTemporalRecords_2014-2015.xlsx), and 9 CSV files each corresponding to the similarly named tab in the spreadsheet (see list below). The first row (header line) of the CSV file contains the column labels (and is the same information as these attributes). The first row of the Excel spreadsheet contains a header line that includes a short description of the project and the years the data were obtained, the second row indicates the logger or sampler utilized, the third row is the column label with special characters, and the fourth row is the column label without special characters (and it corresponds with the first row of the CSV file). Additionally, a browse graphic (temporal.jpg) and the CSDGM metadata in XML format are provided. The tabs (sheets) in the Excel file correspond to the following CSV files:
    Sheet barometric-pressure_2014-2015 corresponds to CSV file barometric-pressure_2014-2015.csv;
    Sheet precipitation_2014-2015 corresponds to CSV file precipitation_2014-2015.csv;
    Sheet water-level-ODY corresponds to CSV file water-level-ODY.csv;
    Sheet water-level-NWH corresponds to CSV file water-level-NWH.csv;
    Sheet flow-ODY corresponds to CSV file flow-ODY.csv;
    Sheet flow-NWH corresponds to CSV file flow_NWH.csv;
    Sheet osmosampler-ODY corresponds to CSV file osmosampler_ODY.csv;
    Sheet osmosampler-NWH corresponds to CSV file osmosampler_NWH.csv;
    Sheet DO-ODY corresponds to CSV file DO-ODY.csv;
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • David Brankovits
    • John W. Pohlman
    • Laura L. Lapham
    • Michael Casso
    • Adrian G. Mann
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    John Pohlman
    U.S. Geological Survey and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Research Geochemist
    Crawford Building
    Woods Hole, MA
    US

    508-548-8700 x2213 (voice)
    jpohlman@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

These data are used to investigate how regional meteorology and hydrology control carbon cycling and methane turnover in flooded coastal caves in a karst subterranean estuary.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2015 (process 1 of 2)
    The year-long records were obtained from Cenote Odyssey and Cenote Naach Wennen Ha from August-14-2014 to January-15-2015. OsmoSamplers (temporal chemical sampling devices) and data-loggers were co-deployed in the cave environment by scuba divers who followed protocols established by the USGS, American Academy of Underwater Sciences, and the National Speleological Society Cave Diving Section. OsmoSamplers were co-deployed with the data loggers and packed in a plastic box (42 cm wide, 42 cm long, and 33 cm high) to allow the diver to safely deploy the full set of devices. At both locations, sampling stations were established in the upper aquifer with low salinity and minimal flow velocity. The sample inlets of the Cenote Naach Wennen Ha and Cenote Odyssey OsmoSamplers were placed at 5.5 m and 5.0 m water depth, respectively. The deployment period lasted from 15 August 2014 and 14 January 2015. Upon recovery, the OsmoSampler coils were sealed on both ends, stored at ~7 degrees C in the field and at 4 degrees C thereafter until they were subsampled in the laboratory within two months of collection. Processing took place following the full deployment period. Full details related to the processing of the analysis and attribute accuracy are provided in the Methods section of Brankovits and others, 2022. Person who carried out this activity:
    John Pohlman
    U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region
    Research Geochemist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    United States

    508-548-8700 x2213 (voice)
    jpohlman@usgs.gov
    Date: 2015 (process 2 of 2)
    Analysis of the OsmoSampler samples was performed at the Chesapeake Biological Laboratory in Solomons MD, USA. Chloride concentrations were determined using a Dionex ICS 1000 ion chromatograph (IonPac AG22 4 x 50 millimeter [mm] guard column, IonPac AS22 4 x 250 mm analytical column, and ASRS 300 4 mm suppressor) with an AS40 Autosampler. Chloride concentrations in millimolar (mM) were converted to milligrams per liter (mg l-1) and multiplied by 0.0018066 to determine salinity. The analytical error for chloride and sulfate was +/-2 percent (%) of the IAPSO standard chloride values.
    For methane concentrations, sample water, which was approximately 2 milliliters (ml) in volume, from the 4 meters (m) OsmoSampler-coil sections was expelled into 10 ml syringes using a benchtop tube roller with a gas tight connection between the tubing and syringe. Then 8 ml of ultra zero air was added to the syringe and mixed to equilibrate dissolved methane into the inert headspace. This headspace was then injected into a gas chromatograph (SRI 8610C multi-gas) equipped with a HayeSep D packed column and a Flame Ionization Detector to measure methane partial pressures that were used to calculate dissolved methane concentrations in nanomolar (nM) according to equations in Magen and others, 2014. Analytical precision was 3 percent (%).
    Precipitation was measured with a rain gauge (Onset RG-3, calibration accuracy of +/-1.0 percent [%], up to 2 centimeter per hour [cm h−1]; 0.2 mm resolution; time accuracy +/-1 minute per month) and is presented as daily total precipitation millimeter per day [mm d−1].
    Barometric pressure was monitored at 15-minute time intervals alongside the rain gauge with an Onset U20 data logger (< 0.02 kiloPascal [kPa] resolution and a +/-0.3 percent [%] full scale or 0.62 kPa accuracy as the maximum error). This instrument also measured air temperature (0.1 degrees Celsius resolution, +/-0.44 degrees Celsius accuracy).
    Within the cave, groundwater flow velocity, water level and water temperature were monitored at 17 m water depth in the brackish water and at 22 m water depth in the saline water. Velocity was measured as current speed and direction with a TCM-1 (Lowell Instruments LLC) tilt current meter (TCM; +/-2 centimeter per second [cm s−1] with 3 percent (%) of reading accuracy and 0.1 cm s−1 resolution; bearing +/-5 degree accuracy for speed > 5 cm s−1 with a 0.1 degree resolution) at 1-minute intervals.
    Water level measured with an Onset U20 logger (+/-0.21 cm with an error less than +/-1.0 cm at 15-minute intervals) is reported as absolute depth and departure from the mean value after compensating for barometric pressure changes measured at the meteorological station. This logger also measured water temperature (0.1 degrees Celsius resolution, +/-0.44 degrees Celsius accuracy). Person who carried out this activity:
    John Pohlman
    U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region
    Research Geochemist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    United States

    508-548-8700 x2213 (voice)
    jpohlman@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Magen, Cédric, Lapham, Laura L., Pohlman, John W., Marshall, Kathleen, Bosman, Samantha, Casso, Michael, and Chanton, Jeffrey P., 20140908, A simple headspace equilibration method for measuring dissolved methane: Limnology and Oceanography: Methods vol. 12, issue 9, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: ppg. 637-650
    Brankovits, David, Pohlman, John W., and Lapham, Laura L., 2022, Oxygenation of a karst subterranean estuary during a tropical cyclone: Mechanisms and implications for the carbon cycle: Limnology and Oceanography DOI:10.1002/LNO.12231, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: This is the publication these data in the data release support.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    The accuracy of each attribute is determined by that analysis specific to that attribute and is provided in the process step for each measurement.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    The horizontal position (coordinates) of the entrance pools of the caves (Cenote Odyssey and Cenote Naach Wennen Ha) and the meterological station (Speleotech_Tulum) were obtained with a Garmin GPSmap 60CSx GPS, which has a positional accuracy of less than 10 meters. Coordinates for the sampling stations within the caves where the hydrologic and chemical data were collected are not available because the GPS does not operate in overhead or underwater settings. The bounding coordinates provided in this data release incorporate the horizontal extent of the passages investigated in this study. However, as stated previously, the precise locations of the passages are unknown.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    The approximate depth associated with deployed devices was obtained from the diver's depth gauge, which is accurate to +/-0.3 m.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    For missing values, the sample has not been analyzed or it was not possible to analyze. The condition of the missing values (i.e., why it was not analyzed) is not specified.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    All data provided in this release were obtained by David Brankovits during his Ph.D. studies under the supervision of USGS Research Geochemist John Pohlman.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details.
Use_Constraints None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: GS ScienceBase
    Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
    Denver, CO
    United States

    1-888-275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? The geochemical dataset contains the following files: OxBelHaTemporalRecords_2014-2015.xlsx (which includes 9 tabs), 9 CSV files (each corresponding to the similarly named tab in the spreadsheet: barometric-pressure_2014-2015.csv; precipitation_2014-2015.csv; water-level-ODY.csv; water-level-NWH.csv; flow-ODY.csv; flow_NWH.csv; osmosampler_ODY.csv; osmosampler_NWH.csv; DO-ODY.csv), a browse graphic (temporal.jpg), and FGDC CSDGM metadata in XML format.
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 15-Sep-2022
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey
Attn: John Pohlman
Research Geochemist
Crawford Building
Woods Hole, MA
US

508-457-8700 x2213 (voice)
jpohlman@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)

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