Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Junbong Jang Publication_Date: 2018 Title: PCCT measurements of stress and strain during direct shear tests of fine-grained sediment collected from Area C, Krishna-Godavari Basin during India's National Gas Hydrate Program, NGHP-02 Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P91XJ7DP Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P91XJ7DP Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5b69af43e4b006a11f774f11 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Junbong Jang Originator: Sheng Dai Originator: Jun Yoneda Originator: William F. Waite Originator: Timothy S. Collett Originator: Pushpendra Kumar Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Pressure core characterization tool measurements of compressibility, permeability, and shear strength of fine-grained sediment collected from Area C, Krishna-Godavari Basin, during India's National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition NGHP-02 Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P91XJ7DP Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: Jang, J., Dai, S., Yoneda, J., Waite, W.F., Collett T.S., and Kumar, P., 2018, Pressure core characterization tool measurements of compressibility, permeability, and shear strength of fine-grained sediment collected from Area C, Krishna-Godavari Basin, during India's National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition NGHP-02: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P91XJ7DP. This dataset supports the following publication: Jang, J., Dai, S., Yoneda, J., Waite, W.F., Stern, L.A., Boze, L.-G., Collett, T.S., and Kumar, P., 2018. Pressure core analysis of geomechanical and fluid flow properties of seals associated with gas hydrate-bearing reservoirs in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, offshore India: Marine and Petroleum Geology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.08.015. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P91XJ7DP Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5b645dffe4b006a11f72ed13 Description: Abstract: Understanding how effectively methane can be extracted from a gas hydrate reservoir requires knowing how compressible, permeable, and strong the overlying seal sediment is. This data release provides results for flow-through permeability, consolidation, and direct shear measurements made on fine-grained seal sediment from Site NGHP-02-08 offshore eastern India. The sediment was collected in a pressure core from the Krishna-Godavari Basin during the 2015 Indian National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 2 (NGHP-02). Gas hydrate is a crystalline solid that forms naturally in the sediment of certain marine and permafrost environments where pressure is relatively high (equivalent to the pressure measured at ~300 meters water depth or more) and temperature is relatively low (but generally above freezing). The concentration of methane can be high enough to make certain gas hydrate occurrences potentially relevant as energy resources. To extract methane from gas hydrate, the in situ formation (generally a coarse-grained, gas-hydrate-bearing sediment interval) can be depressurized by drawing pore water out through a production well. As the pore pressure falls below the gas hydrate stability limit, the solid gas hydrate breaks down, releasing gas and water that migrate toward the production well for collection. How effectively the production well can depressurize the gas-hydrate-bearing interval depends on how permeable the overlying seal sediment is. If the seal is permeable, depressurizing the reservoir to extract methane causes water to flow out of the seal and into the reservoir. This can limit the ability of the production well to maintain the low reservoir pressure required to break down gas. Purpose: The purpose of this dataset is to report the strains (horizontal and vertical) and the stress ratio (shear stress normalized by the effective vertical stress) for a series of direct shear tests made on the fine-grained seal sediment collected in pressure core NGHP-02-08-30P using the Direct Shear Chamber. Supplemental_Information: In addition to funding from the U.S. Geological Survey Gas Hydrate Project, this work is sponsored in part by the Department of Energy through an interagency agreement (DE-FE0023495). More information about the project can be found at: https://www.netl.doe.gov/research/oil-and-gas/project-summaries/methane-hydrate/fe0023495-usgs. This work is also part of the NGHP-02 expedition. Links to related data and publications within the NGHP-02 project are collected in the USGS Field Activity Report 2015-023-FA, found at: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2015-023-FA. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20150703 Currentness_Reference: ground condition of the field activity when the original pressure core that was subsampled for this study was collected Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned. Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: 82.924221 East_Bounding_Coordinate: 82.924222 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 16.581168 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 16.581167 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:5b69af43e4b006a11f774f11 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: pressure core Theme_Keyword: fine-grained sediment Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: drilling and coring Theme_Keyword: rotary drilling Theme_Keyword: core analysis Theme_Keyword: earth material properties Theme_Keyword: soil sciences Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Indian Ocean Place_Keyword: Krishna-Godavari Basin Place_Keyword: Bay of Bengal Access_Constraints: None. Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Junbong Jang Contact_Position: Geophysicist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: Massachusetts Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2278 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jjang@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5b69af43e4b006a11f774f11?name=NGHP02_AreaC_Direct_Shear_BrowseGraphic.png Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Direct Shear Chamber (DSC) used for the obtaining the data in this data release. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: Specimen collection via pressure core, and maintenance of high pore pressures throughout the specimen collection and testing process, is required because these are gassy sediment that potentially contain gas hydrate. Allowing these specimens to depressurize prior to testing would allow gas bubbles to form, expand, and disrupt the sediment fabric that determines the in situ moduli, permeability and strength reported in this data release. Completeness_Report: This data release contains the stress and strain data associated with a set of direct shear tests using the DSC. Blank entries in the column of vertical strain reflect data points collected while the vertical strain measurement (via a Linear Voltage Displacement Transducer) was too noisy to acquire an accurate reading. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Horizontal position was determined by GPS satellite data, which provided guidance information for the dynamic positioning system (DPS) utilized by the D/V Chikyu. The DPS also utilizes inputs from tidal, wind and wave data to control six azimuthal thrusters beneath the ship’s hull. The thrusters are capable of 360 degree adjustment. Given the DPS capabilities, borehole locations for the D/V Chikyu are considered to be accurate to a radius of 15 meters. Details are provided in: Chikyu Hakken – Earth Discovery, Volume 1, Spring 2005, published by JAMSTEC’s Center for Deep Earth Exploration: https://www.jamstec.go.jp/chikyu/e/magazine/backnum/pdf/hk_01_e.pdf Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Coring depth measurements used on the D/V Chikyu during NGHP-02 followed standard International Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) protocols. Assessment of these protocols by IODP had determined the vertical position accuracy is on the order of centimeters to meters. Additional information about the depth conventions and accuracy are on pages 8 and 9 of the IODP report “IODP Depth Scales Terminology”: http://www.iodp.org/policies-and-guidelines/142-iodp-depth-scales-terminology-april-2011/file. Depth resolution ranges from 0.01 to 1 meter. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Deployment sample collection: This study used sediment from pressure core NGHP-02-08-30P, collected from Site NGHP-02-08 in Area C of the Bay of Bengal offshore Eastern India. Pressure core collection requires the rotary corer to retract the core through a ball valve and into an autoclave at the in situ coring depth. Once retracted into the autoclave, the ball valve at the base of the autoclave can be closed, sealing the core within the autoclave. A connected high-pressure nitrogen canister provides pressure stabilization as the autoclave is brought through different thermal regimes on the trip to the rig floor. Once the autoclave is recovered, it is chilled in an ice bath to stabilize the core contents, then transferred to a temperature-controlled unit for core manipulation. During NGHP-02, depth below sea floor was based on the continuous downhole log of the drill pipe length. The sea floor depth reference (mudline) was determined from a combination of noting when the drill string contacted the sea floor and increased the measured weight-on-bit, and visual verification of the drill bit position using an ROV. Here, depth is reported using the IODP standard depth terminology CSF-B (total depth from sea floor to target sediment, after all gas expansion gaps have been removed). Process_Date: 20150703 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: William F. Waite Contact_Position: Research Geophysicist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: Massachusetts Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2346 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wwaite@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Core preparation and transport: Note that throughout the core preparation, transport and testing stages, the hydrostatic pressure is maintained at or above in situ values to maintain the stability of the core contents and avoid the formation of gas bubbles. Once the core-filled autoclave was brought to the rig floor and its temperature was stabilized, the autoclave was transferred to a shipboard analysis laboratory. In the laboratory, a pressurized system extracted the core from the autoclave, cut the core to a prescribed length (1.2 meters for the NGHP-02-08-30P core described here), and inserted the 1.2 m-long section into a pressurized storage chamber. The storage chamber can then be isolated via a ball valve closure and, ultimately, shipped in a Department of Transportation-approved, refrigerated overpack system to the U.S. Geological Survey’s Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center for analysis (WHCMSC). Process_Date: 2015 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: William F. Waite Contact_Position: Research Geophysicist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: Massachusetts Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2346 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wwaite@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Pressure Core Characterization Tool (PCCT) Core Manipulation: Once the core storage chamber arrived at WHCMSC, it was moved into a refrigerated core storage facility to maintain the core’s temperature stability. The core was subsequently tested in the WHCMSC High Pressure Core Analysis Laboratory (HyPrCAL) using the PCCTs (see the browse graphic for this data releases primary landing page). Similar to the shipboard setup, the core was first retrieved, at pressure, from the storage chamber, then individual specimens were cut and inserted into either the Direct Shear Chamber (DSC) or Effective Stress Chamber (ESC). The core manipulation and transfer into the testing chambers was accomplished at a hydrostatic pressure between 10-11 MPa (Megapascal). Process_Date: 2017 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Junbong Jang Contact_Position: Geophysicist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: Massachusetts Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2278 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jjang@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Testing Chamber Overview: The DSC and its operations are described in Santamarina and others (2012, 2015). Briefly, once the specimen is isolated in the Direct Shear Chamber (DSC, see Browse Graphic), the sediment is extruded from the plastic core liner using a plunger that will eventually serve as the specimen’s top endcap once the specimen is pushed all the way out of the liner and into the primary testing space. The plunger is then used to apply a vertical effective stress, returning the specimen to its in situ state of effective stress (approximately 2 MPa). Additional vertical effective stress can be applied to test the specimen response to the increasing effective stress that will occur in situ when the formation is depressurized to extract methane from gas hydrate. The consolidation data measured while applying the full range of vertical stresses are provided in a separate data release within this larger work (see "PCCT measurements of the consolidation characteristics, constrained modulus and compressional wave velocity for fine-grained sediment collected from Area C, Krishna-Godavari Basin during India's National Gas Hydrate Program, NGHP-02" in Jang and others, (2018)). For the shear strength testing, a core specimen in the DSC is held in a three-layer specimen chamber. The middle layer can be horizontally moved, shearing the middle third of the approximately 15 cm-tall specimen along the top and bottom of the middle layer. In this data release, the following parameters are reported as functions of the applied effective vertical stress: the horizontal and vertical strain, and the ratio of shear stress to effective vertical stress. The strains (unitless) are measured using Linear Voltage Displacement Transducers, and are reported here with an accuracy of 1e(-8). Stresses are calculated from load cell measurements, and are reported here with an accuracy of 5 kPa (kilopascal). Jang, J., Dai, S., Yoneda, J., Waite, W.F., Collett T.S., and Kumar, P., 2018, Pressure core characterization tool measurements of compressibility, permeability, and shear strength of fine-grained sediment collected from Area C, Krishna-Godavari Basin, during India's National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition NGHP-02: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P91XJ7DP. Santamarina, J.C., Dai, S., Jang, J., and Terzariol, M., 2012, Pressure core characterization tools for hydrate-bearing sediments. Scientific Drilling, v. 14, p. 44-48. Santamarina, J.C., Dai, S., Terzariol, M., Jang, J., Waite, W.F., Winters, W.J., Nagao, J., Yoneda, J., Konno, Y., Fujii, T., and Suzuki, K., 2015, Hydro-bio-geomechanical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments from Nankai Trough. Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 66, p. 434-450. Process_Date: 2017 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Junbong Jang Contact_Position: Geophysicist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: Massachusetts Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2278 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jjang@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Direct Shear Chamber (DSC) direct shear measurement: To obtain the stress and strain data provided in this data release, a direct shear test is performed in the following fashion: A target vertical effective stress is applied to the specimen, and held until the specimen height becomes constant, meaning the specimen has finished consolidating to the extent required for that imposed vertical effective stress. A horizontal shear is induced by hydraulically forcing the ring containing the middle third of the specimen to slide horizontally at 1.9 millimeters per minute. The horizontal and vertical stresses and strains are tracked during this shearing. Once the middle ring has been displaced by 10 millimeters, the test is considered complete. The ring is pushed back into its original position, and a new vertical load is applied to the specimen. With the increased load, the specimen consolidates, and the shear planes are shifted below the upper and lower limits of the shearing ring. A subsequent shear test will therefore shear the specimen along a new pair of horizontal shear planes. Process_Date: 2017 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Junbong Jang Contact_Position: Geophysicist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: Massachusetts Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2278 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jjang@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Data archiving: Microsoft Excel version 15.33 was used to consolidate all data in a spreadsheet. Measured interface heights and elapsed times were arranged by sediment and pore fluid type. Results were then exported to a comma-separated values (csv) file format. Process_Date: 2017 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Junbong Jang Contact_Position: Geophysicist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: Massachusetts Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2278 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jjang@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20200806 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 969 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.0000001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.0000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Depth_System_Definition: Depth_Datum_Name: Meters below sea floor Depth_Resolution: 1 Depth_Distance_Units: meters Depth_Encoding_Method: Attribute values Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: NGHP02_AreaC_Direct_Shear_Data Entity_Type_Definition: Vertical and horizontal stress and strain data for direct shear tests of fine-grained NGHP-02 (Krishna-Godavari Basin, offshore India) seal sediment from Site NGHP-02-08 Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: Site Attribute_Definition: Site: NGHP-02 site name designation. Format is: Expedition Name (NGHP-02)-Site Number and Hole Designation Letter. Hole A was used only for logging-while-drilling (no core recovery). Holes B and C were used for coring. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set (text). Attribute: Attribute_Label: J-CORES section ID Attribute_Definition: SectionID: Unique, sequential identifier given at the time of collection to any shipboard core section. Cores were collected on the D/V Chikyu, so each ID begins with CKY. Attribute_Definition_Source: Shipboard science party, D/V Chikyu Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set (text). Attribute: Attribute_Label: Latitude (degrees, minutes, seconds) Attribute_Definition: Latitude_DMS: Latitude coordinate, in degrees (°) minutes (’) decimal seconds (”), of the sample’s location. North latitude recorded as positive values. Data release describes measurements from a single core, so the location information is single-valued. Attribute_Definition_Source: Shipboard science party, D/V Chikyu Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 16°34'52.206" Range_Domain_Maximum: 16°34'52.206" Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees (°) minutes (’) decimal seconds (”) Attribute: Attribute_Label: Longitude (degrees, minutes, seconds) Attribute_Definition: Longitude_DMS: Longitude coordinate, in degrees (°) minutes (’) decimal seconds (”), of the sample’s location. East longitude is recorded as positive values. Data release describes measurements from a single core, so the location information is single-valued. Attribute_Definition_Source: Shipboard science party, D/V Chikyu Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 82°55'27.198" Range_Domain_Maximum: 82°55'27.198" Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees (°) minutes (’) decimal seconds (”) Attribute: Attribute_Label: Latitude (decimal degrees) Attribute_Definition: Lat_DD: Latitude coordinate, in decimal-degrees, of sample’s location. North latitude recorded as positive values. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 16.58116833 Range_Domain_Maximum: 16.58116833 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Longitude (decimal degrees) Attribute_Definition: Long_DD: Longitude coordinate, in decimal degrees, of the sample’s location. East longitude is recorded as positive values. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 82.92422167 Range_Domain_Maximum: 82.92422167 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Core Subsection Attribute_Definition: Subsection: Core NGHP-02-08-30P was cut into several subsections for testing. Each subsection was tested in either the Direct Shear Chamber (DSC) or Effective Stress Chamber (ESC). The section number begins with 1 as the deepest subsection for the core, and increases for subsections taken higher up in the core. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set (text). Attribute: Attribute_Label: Top Depth in CSF-B (mbsf) Attribute_Definition: CSFB_TopDepth_mbsf: Depth of the top of the subsection in meters below the sea floor (mbsf), using the CSF-B convention in which gas expansion gaps, if present at the time of core recovery, have been removed. Attribute_Definition_Source: Shipboard science party, D/V Chikyu Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 247.12 Range_Domain_Maximum: 247.12 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Bottom Depth in CSF-B (mbsf) Attribute_Definition: CSFB_BottomDepth_mbsf: Depth of the bottom of the subsection in meters below the sea floor (mbsf), using the CSF-B convention in which gas expansion gaps, if present at the time of core recovery, have been removed. Attribute_Definition_Source: Shipboard science party, D/V Chikyu Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 247.28 Range_Domain_Maximum: 247.28 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Before or After Dissociation Attribute_Definition: Dissociation: Direct shear tests were made on the specimen tested here before and after the pore pressure was reduced below atmospheric pressure (depressurization was accomplished at a constant effective stress by simultaneously controlling the vertical load and the pore pressure). For data collected prior to the depressurization, this column contains the word "Before." For data collected after the depressurization, this column contains the word "After." Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set (text). Attribute: Attribute_Label: Loading or Unloading Attribute_Definition: LoadState: The first two direct shear tests were made after consolidation steps for which the effective vertical stress had been increased (designated in this column as "Loading"). The third direct shear tests was run after a consolidation step for which the effective vertical stress had been decreased (designated in this column as "Unloading"). The fourth direct shear tests was made after a consolidation step for which the effective vertical stress had been increased (designated in this column as "Reloading"). The fifth and final direct shear tests was run after a consolidation step for which the effective vertical stress had been decreased (designated in this column as "Unloading"). Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set (text). Attribute: Attribute_Label: Vertical Effective Stress (Megapascal) Attribute_Definition: Vert_Eff_Stress_MPa: This is the 1-dimensional (vertical) stress applied to the specimen during the direct shear test. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 2.005 Range_Domain_Maximum: 6.958 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: megapascals Attribute: Attribute_Label: Horizontal Strain (unitless) Attribute_Definition: Hor_Strain: Horizontal strain is the change in the position of the shearing ring divided by the diameter of the core. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.19279485 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: None Attribute: Attribute_Label: Vertical Strain (unitless) Attribute_Definition: Vert_Strain: Vertical strain is the change in the height of the specimen divided by the diameter of the core. If the result is negative, the specimen is getting shorter. If the answer is positive, the shearing process is causing the specimen to get taller. Blank elements in this column indicate data points for which the height measurement was too noisy to confidently determine a value. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.002578412 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.000131986 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: None Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shear-to-Effective-Vertical Stress Ratio (unitless) Attribute_Definition: Stress_Ratio: The stress ratio is the ratio of the shear stress divided by the vertical effective stress. The behavior of this ratio as a function of the horizontal strain indicates the shear strength of the specimen as well as the mode of shearing (for instance, a case where the stress ratio shows a peak or maximum shear strength compared with a work hardening case where the stress ratio simply increases with horizontal strain). Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.848038729 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: None Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: These data are available in a Microsoft Excel XLSX as well as a CSV format. The first two rows in the XLSX file are header rows, where the second row is an abbreviated column label intended for software packages that are unable to cope with longer labels available in the first row of the XLSX file. The first part of the attribute definition (before the colon) indicates the abbreviated column label. The first row of the CSV file is a header line and is the same as the abbreviated column label on the second row of the XLSX file. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: This dataset contains four files: NGHP02_AreaC_Direct_Shear_Data.xlsx (data in an Excel spreadsheet), NGHP02_AreaC_Direct_Shear_Data.csv (same data in a comma-separated text file), NGHP02_AreaC_Direct_Shear_BrowseGraphic.png (browse graphic), and FGDC CSDGM metadata in XML format. Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: XLXS Format_Version_Number: Microsoft Excel version 15.33 Format_Information_Content: The dataset contains the XLSX and CSV format of the data, a browse graphic and associated FGDC CSDGM metadata. Transfer_Size: 2 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5b69af43e4b006a11f774f11 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5b69af43e4b006a11f774f11 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P91XJ7DP Access_Instructions: The first link downloads all the data on the landing page and provides them in a zip file, the second link goes to the dataset landing page where files can be downloaded individually, and the third link goes to the data release main landing page. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: CSV Format_Version_Number: Microsoft Excel version 15.33 Format_Specification: Comma-Separated Values exported from Excel Format_Information_Content: The dataset contains the XLSX and CSV format of the data, a browse graphic and associated FGDC CSDGM metadata. Transfer_Size: 2 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5b69af43e4b006a11f774f11 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5b69af43e4b006a11f774f11 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P91XJ7DP Access_Instructions: The first link downloads all the data on the landing page and provides them in a zip file, the second link goes to the dataset landing page where files can be downloaded individually, and the third link goes to the data release main landing page. Fees: None. Technical_Prerequisites: These data are available in XLSX and CSV formats, and a browse graphic in PNG format. The user must have software capable of reading the data formats. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20200806 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: William F. Waite Contact_Position: Geophysicist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2346 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wwaite@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998