Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Jennifer A. O'Keefe Suttles Originator: Meagan J. Eagle Originator: Adrian G. Mann Originator: Serena Moseman-Valtierra Originator: Sara E. Pratt Originator: Kevin D. Kroeger Publication_Date: 20210630 Title: Collection, Analysis, and Age-Dating of Sediment Cores from Salt Marshes, Rhode Island, 2016 Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabulated comma separated text file (*.CSV) Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P94HIDVU Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: O’Keefe Suttles, J.A., Eagle, M.J., Mann, A.G., Moseman-Valtierra, S., Pratt, S.E., Kroeger, K.D., 2021, Collection, analysis, and age-dating of sediment cores from salt marshes, Rhode Island, 2016: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P94HIDVU. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P94HIDVU Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/60bfb7c2d34e86b938916d1e Description: Abstract: The accretion history of fringing salt marshes in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, was reconstructed from sediment cores. Age models, based on excess lead-210 and cesium-137 radionuclide analysis, were constructed to evaluate how vertical accretion and carbon burial rates have changed during the past century. The Constant Rate of Supply (CRS) age model was used to date six cores collected from three salt marshes. Both vertical accretion rates and carbon burial increased from 1900 to 2016, the year the data were collected. Cores were up to 90 cm in length with dry bulk density ranging from 0.07 to 3.08 grams per cubic centimeter and carbon content 0.71 % to 33.58 %. Purpose: Sediment cores were collected and dated, and their carbon content was measured to determine vertical accretion and carbon burial rates. Supplemental_Information: For more information, see the following field activity: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2016-016-FA Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20160909 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20160912 Currentness_Reference: Ground Condition. These are the dates when the cores were collected. Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -71.512756347656 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -71.163940429688 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.861379155874 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.576415977893 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: soil chemistry Theme_Keyword: radiometric dating Theme_Keyword: piston coring Theme_Keyword: sedimentation Theme_Keyword: wetland ecosystems Theme_Keyword: sea-level change Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: location Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Agricultural Library Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: salt marshes Theme_Keyword: wetland soils Theme_Keyword: wetlands Theme_Keyword: ecological restoration Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: salt marsh Theme_Keyword: Constant Rate of Supply (CRS) model Theme_Keyword: age model Theme_Keyword: 210-lead Theme_Keyword: 137-cesium Theme_Keyword: accretion rate Theme_Keyword: carbon burial Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:60bfb7c2d34e86b938916d1e Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: Narragansett Bay (1218465) Place_Keyword: Rhode Island Place_Keyword: United States of America Place_Keyword: Prudence Island (1218169) Place_Keyword: Mary's Creek (2090042) Place_Keyword: Almy Brook (1218186) Place_Keyword: Mary C Donovan Marsh (1901736) Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: None Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Meagan J Eagle Contact_Organization: Northeast Region: WOODS HOLE COASTAL AND MARINE SCIENCE CENTER Contact_Position: Research Physical Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2280 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: meagle@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/60bfb7c2d34e86b938916d1e/?name=RI_salt_marsh.jpeg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Browse graphic showing salt marsh vegetation at one of the Rhode Island coring sites. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Radionuclide detection limits are specific to an individual sample and are a function of: 1) the detector efficiency at the energy of level of the peak being measured; 2) the branching ratio (expected fraction of decay events observed at each energy level), 3) the background activity within the sample. Detector efficiency was determined from EPA standard pitchblende ore in the same geometry as the samples. Activities of 7Be, 137Cs, and excess 210Pb (i.e. unsupported) were decay-corrected to time of collection. Suppression of low energy peaks by self-absorption was corrected for according to Cutshall and others, 1983. Peak detection, with respect to background activity, is calculated for each radionuclide in the APTEC peak integration spectroscopy software during sample analysis. Generally, measured radionuclide activity greater than or equal to 0.02 (210Pb), 0.02 (226Ra), 0.03 (7Be), and 0.01 (137Cs) dpm/g were accepted as above detection limit for this dataset. Samples were analyzed for Total Carbon and Nitrogen on a Perkin-Elmer Series II CHNS/O Elemental Analyzer at USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center. A series of calibration blanks and reference standards were analyzed daily. Standard reference materials (Algae (Bladderwrack), High Organic Sediment Standard and BCSS-1) were analyzed throughout each set of sample runs. Algae was determined to have an average weight percent carbon (wt%C) of 36.45 and weight percent nitrogen (wt%N) of 1.33, compared to published values of 33.67 ± 0.29 and 1.25 ± 0.0.02, respectively. The High Organic Sediment Standard was determined to have an average wt%C of 7.32 and wt%N of 0.53, compared to published values of 7.45 ± 0.14 and 0.52 ± 0.02, respectively. BCSS-1 was determined to have an average wt%C of 2.26 and wt%N of 0.17 compared to published values of 2.19 ± 0.09 and 0.07 ± 0.003, respectively. Triplicate samples had an average relative standard deviation of 2.9 %C and 3.3 %N. The detection limit was determined as wt%C of 0.18 and wt%N of 0.01. Any analysis value below detection is given the numerical value of 0. Any attribute that was not measured for a specific sample is left as a blank cell. Logical_Consistency_Report: Dataset was queried for maximum and minimum values to be sure sample analyses were within expected ranges for the environmental conditions. Data were plotted to look for any obvious outliers that may have been indicative of analytical error. Samples with questionable results were re-analyzed. Detection limits are defined in the attribute accuracy section of the metadata. Any analysis value below detection is given the numerical value of 0. Any attribute that was not measured for a specific sample is listed as an empty or blank cell. Each sample was treated in the same manner for each analysis. Completeness_Report: The dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. All sample measurements are reported. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Latitude and Longitude was measured with a handheld Garmin GPSMAP 76Cx unit in the field at time of collection. The GPS unit indicated accuracy was within 3 meters. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Six sediment cores were collected in coastal salt marshes between 9/9/2016 and 9/12/16. A piston coring system was used, where the core liner (diameter 11 cm, 1-2 m in length) was fitted with a gasketed piston that was placed on the sediment surface. The clear, sharpened core liner was pushed down into the marsh subsurface, while the piston was maintained at the marsh surface via tension on the piston. We visually observed the sediment surface to ensure that the soil column did not compact during collection. Once the core reached the maximum depth (limited by the core tube length or an impenetrable sediment layer), the core liner and piston were removed from the marsh with a pulley system. The process date reflects the last occurrence of the work. Process_Date: 2016 Process_Step: Process_Description: At the end of each core collection date, the sediment cores were immediately returned to the Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center. They were placed in a refrigerator for 1 to 3 days, then split vertically, sectioned at 1 or 2 cm intervals, frozen, and then freeze dried for 7 days, until sediment weights did not change further. Dry bulk density was determined as the dry weight of a known volume of sample. Approximately 5 g of dried sediment sample was blended and homogenized prior to sealing in a jar for a minimum of three weeks and then placed on a planar-type gamma counter for 24 to 48 hours to measure 7Be, 137Cs, 210Pb, and 226Ra at 477, 662, 46.5 and 352 kiloelectron volts (KeV) energies, respectively (Canberra Inc., USA). Detector efficiency was determined from EPA standard pitchblende ore in the same geometry as the samples. Excess 210Pb was calculated as the decay-corrected difference between total 210Pb and supported 210Pb (considered to be equal to 226Ra). Activities of 7Be, 137Cs, and 210Pb were decay-corrected to time of collection, using their respective half-lives. Suppression of low energy peaks by self-absorption was corrected for according to Cutshall and others, 1983. Gamma spectroscopy detection limits were determined in APTEC software for each sample; refer to the attribute accuracy section of this metadata for further details. Values reported are above this limit, while values below are reported as 0. Core sections not analyzed are reported as blank cells. Sediment ages and accretion rates were calculated with the Constant Rate of Supply (CRS) excess 210Pb age model, a variant on the advection-decay equation (Appleby and Oldfield, 1978; Goldberg, 1963). This model assumes that 210Pb supply to the sediment surface is constant through time, but allows for changing sedimentation rates, in addition to decay, to control the down-core activity of excess 210Pb. The common form of the CRS model, as derived by Appleby and Oldfield (1978), solves for age based on the distribution of excess 210Pb in the sediment record. Prior to application of the age model, excess 210Pb profiles were evaluated to ensure they were sufficiently resolved to apply the CRS model without bias towards to ages that are too old or accretion rates that are too low at depth (Binford, 1990). All gamma analyses were ongoing from 2016 and completed in 2017. Appleby, P.G., and Oldfield, F., 1978, The calculation of lead-210 dates assuming a constant rate of supply of unsupported 210Pb to the sediment: Catena, v. 5, issue 1, p. 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(78)80002-2. Binford, M.W., 1990, Calculation and uncertainty analysis of 210 Pb dates for PIRLA project lake sediment cores: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 3, issue 3, p. 253-267, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00219461. Cutshall, N.H., Larsen, I.L., and Olsen, C.R., 1983, Direct analysis of 210 Pb in sediment samples—Self-absorption corrections: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, v. 206, issues 1–2, p. 309–312, https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5087(83)91273-5. Goldberg, E.D., 1963, Geochronology with 210 Pb, in Miller, J.A., convener, Radioactive dating: International Atomic Energy Agency Symposium on Radioactive Dating, Athens, Greece, November 19-23, 1962, [Proceedings], p. 121-131. Process_Date: 2017 Process_Step: Process_Description: A subsample of freeze-dried sediment (0.5 g) was ball-milled to a fine powder and packaged for carbon and nitrogen analysis at the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center. Sample preparation involved weighing 10-30 micrograms of ball-milled sediment into a tin capsule; encapsulated samples were analyzed for carbon and nitrogen on a Perkin Elmer 2400 Series II CHNS/O analyzer. Standards, blanks and reference sediment with a known carbon and nitrogen content were run to verify results (see attribute accuracy report for further details). These analyses occurred concurrently with analyses in the previous process step; after radionuclide analysis was completed on a core, we would begin the total carbon and nitrogen analysis (as other cores were still in the process of being analyzed for radionuclide). Process_Date: 2019 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Adrian C Mann Contact_Organization: Northeast Region: WOODS HOLE COASTAL AND MARINE SCIENCE CENTER Contact_Position: Physical Scientist, Lab and Safety Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2316 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: amann@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Raw data was entered into an EXCEL spreadsheet where all calculations were completed. The Excel spreadsheet was exported as a CSV file from Excel for Mac version 15.33. The CSV file was processed in MATLAB to round calculated values to appropriate place values and again exported as a comma separated text file (*.csv). Note that all calculations were performed prior to rounding and truncating values reported in this data release. Process_Date: 2020 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) placenames are included as keywords to give the general location of core collections. The entity contains attributes with specific latitude and longitude of each core collection; several attributes are also included to describe the core collection location: nearest body of water, vegetation type, and in some cases, the nearest road. Refer to the entity and attribute definitions for "Site", "Status", and "ID" for details. Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 353 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 1.0E-5 Longitude_Resolution: 1.0E-5 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Data_RI_Marsh_Core.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Comma separated text file with salt marsh core data collected from sites in Narragansett Bay. The CSV file includes latitude and longitude of core collection, calculated values of soil dry bulk density, mass accumulation rates, vertical accretion rates, and carbon burial rates. Also included are the data required for those calculations: radionuclide data, soil carbon and nitrogen content. The dataset includes 353 records. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: Site Attribute_Definition: A text identifier for the general location of the study site. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Narragansett Bay Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: A data point from a sediment core collected from a salt marsh in Narragansett Bay. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer-defined. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Status Attribute_Definition: A text identifier indicating the vegetation type that now dominates the core collection site. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Salt marsh Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Data point collected from a study site that is dominated by salt marsh plant species (e.g. Spartina alterniflora or Spartina patens). Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: ID Attribute_Definition: Core ID: Each core is assigned an alphabetical identification code to indicate from which marsh it was collected (defined below) and a secondary qualifier of A or B, indicating the order of core collection over time. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: MCA Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Mary's Creek site, core A. Salt marsh located in Warwick, Rhode Island. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: MCB Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Mary's Creek site, core B. Salt marsh located in Warwick, Rhode Island. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: PIA Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Prudence Island site, core A. Salt marsh located on Prudence Island, Rhode Island. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: PIB Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Prudence Island site, core B. Salt marsh located on Prudence Island, Rhode Island. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: MDA Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Mary Donovan site, core A. Salt marsh located in Little Compton, Rhode Island. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: MDB Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Mary Donovan site, core B. Salt marsh located in Little Compton, Rhode Island. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: Date Attribute_Definition: Collection Date: A numeric identifier of the date the core was collected in the format of month/day/year. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 9/9/2016 Range_Domain_Maximum: 9/12/2016 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: mm/dd/yy Attribute: Attribute_Label: Lat Attribute_Definition: Latitude: Latitude decimal degrees north, NAD83. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 41.54387 Range_Domain_Maximum: 41.69060 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Lon Attribute_Definition: Longitude: Longitude decimal degrees west, NAD83. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -71.45162 Range_Domain_Maximum: -71.20399 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Depth_mid Attribute_Definition: Depth: A numeric identifier of the interval mid-point depth below the sediment interface in centimeters. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.5 Range_Domain_Maximum: 89.0 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: centimeters Attribute: Attribute_Label: DBD Attribute_Definition: Dry Bulk Density: A numeric identifier of the sediment dry bulk density in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3). Blank/empty cells indicate the measurement was not done. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0700 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.0789 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: grams per cubic centimeter Attribute: Attribute_Label: 210Pb Attribute_Definition: A numeric identifier of the sediment total lead-210 activity in decays per minute per gram (dpm/g). Measured at 46.5 kiloelectron volts (KeV) on a planar gamma counter. Blank/empty cells indicate the measurement was not done. The value 0.00 is given to analyzed samples found to be below detection; see gamma analysis process step for detection limits of radionuclides. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0208 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.0481 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decays per minute per gram Attribute: Attribute_Label: 210Pb_e Attribute_Definition: A numeric identifier of the measurement error in sediment total lead-210 activity in decays per minute per gram (dpm/g). Blank/empty cells indicate the measurement was not done. If the radionuclide is below detection, then the associated error is also reported with a value 0.00. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0106 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.3855 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decays per minute per gram Attribute: Attribute_Label: 226Ra Attribute_Definition: A numeric identifier of the sediment total radium-226 activity in decays per minute per gram (dpm/g). Measured at 352 kiloelectron volts (KeV) on a planar gamma counter. Blank/empty cells indicate the measurement was not done. The value 0.00 is given to analyzed samples found to be below detection; see gamma analysis process step for detection limits of radionuclides. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0219 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.5942 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decays per minute per gram Attribute: Attribute_Label: 226Ra_e Attribute_Definition: A numeric identifier of the measurement error in sediment total radium-226 activity in decays per minute per gram (dpm/g). Blank/empty cells indicate the measurement was not done. If the radionuclide is below detection, then the associated error is also reported with a value 0.00. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0374 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.3314 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decays per minute per gram Attribute: Attribute_Label: 210Pbex Attribute_Definition: A numeric identifier of the sediment excess lead-210 activity in decays per minute per gram (dpm/g), decay-corrected to date of core collection. Calculated as the difference between total 210-Lead and total radium-226 activities. Blank/empty cells indicate the measurement was not done. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.6223 Range_Domain_Maximum: 23.9884 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decays per minute per gram Attribute: Attribute_Label: 210Pbex_e Attribute_Definition: A numeric identifier of the propagated measurement error in sediment excess lead-210 activity in decays per minute per gram (dpm/g). Blank/empty cells indicate the measurement was not done. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.0220 Range_Domain_Maximum: 16.6860 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decays per minute per gram Attribute: Attribute_Label: 137Cs Attribute_Definition: A numeric identifier of the sediment total cesium-137 activity in decays per minute per gram (dpm/g), decay-corrected to date of core collection. Measured at 662 kiloelectron volts (KeV) on a planar gamma counter. Blank/empty cells indicate the measurement was not done. The value 0.00 is given to analyzed samples found to be below detection; see gamma analysis process step for detection limits of radionuclides. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0140 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.2017 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decays per minute per gram Attribute: Attribute_Label: 137Cs_e Attribute_Definition: A numeric identifier of the measurement error in sediment total cesium-137 activity in decays per minute per gram (dpm/g). Blank/empty cells indicate the measurement was not done. If the radionuclide is below detection, then the associated error is also reported with a value 0.00. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0078 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.3200 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decays per minute per gram Attribute: Attribute_Label: 7Be Attribute_Definition: A numeric identifier of the total sediment beryllium-7 activity in decays per minute per gram (dpm/g), decay-corrected to date of core collection. Measured at 477 kiloelectron volts (KeV) on a planar gamma counter. The value 0.00 is given to analyzed samples found to be below detection; see gamma analysis process step for detection limits of radionuclides. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0366 Range_Domain_Maximum: 13.7111 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decays per minute per gram Attribute: Attribute_Label: 7Be_e Attribute_Definition: A numeric identifier of the measurement error in sediment total beryllium-7 activity in decays per minute per gram (dpm/g), decay-corrected to date of core collection. Blank/empty cells indicate the measurement was not done. If the radioisope is below detection, then the associated error is also reported with a value 0.00. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.1575 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.6769 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decays per minute per gram Attribute: Attribute_Label: wtC Attribute_Definition: Total amount of carbon by weight percent in soil. Blank/empty cells indicate the measurement was not done. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.71 Range_Domain_Maximum: 33.58 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: unitless Attribute: Attribute_Label: wtN Attribute_Definition: Total amount of nitrogen by weight percent in soil. Blank/empty cells indicate the measurement was not done. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.01 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.48 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: unitless Attribute: Attribute_Label: Age Attribute_Definition: A numeric identifier for the age in years from the collection date of the core interval based on the Constant Rate of Supply excess lead-210 age model. Blank/empty cells indicate the measurement was not done. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.9 Range_Domain_Maximum: 115.2 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years Attribute: Attribute_Label: Age_e Attribute_Definition: A numeric identifier for the age model uncertainty in years of the core interval based on the Constant Rate of Supply excess lead-210 age model. Error is propagated through the model. Blank/empty cells indicate the measurement was not done. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.9 Range_Domain_Maximum: 32.0 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years Attribute: Attribute_Label: VAR Attribute_Definition: Vertical Accretion Rate: A numeric identifier for the vertical accretion rate of the sediment in millimeters per year (mm/y). Calculated as the difference in interval midpoint divided by the difference in ages of those adjacent sediment intervals. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 39.6 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: millimeters per year Attribute: Attribute_Label: MAR Attribute_Definition: Mass Accumulation Rate: A numeric identifier for the mass accumulation rate of the sediment in grams per square meter per year (g/m2/y). Calculated by multiplying dry bulk density times vertical accretion rate. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 231 Range_Domain_Maximum: 49503 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: grams sediment per square meter per year Attribute: Attribute_Label: CAR Attribute_Definition: Carbon Accumulation Rate: A numeric identifier for the carbon mass accumulation rate of the sediment in grams of carbon per square meter per year (gC/m2/y). Calculated by multiplying the average mass accumulations rate for the combined depth interval of the elemental sample times weight percent carbon. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 38 Range_Domain_Maximum: 415 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: grams of carbon per square meter per year Attribute: Attribute_Label: Year Attribute_Definition: Year: The year corresponding to the soil horizon based on the Constant Rate of Supply excess lead-210 age model. Calculated as collection date minus age of sediment at each depth interval. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1901.6 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2016.0 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Calendar Year Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: ScienceBase Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: The dataset contains one CSV file containing the data (Data_RI_Marsh_Core.csv), the browse graphic, and the FGDC CSDGM metadata in XML format. Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: CSV Format_Version_Number: Microsoft Excel Office 365 Format_Information_Content: The data release includes 1 comma separated file, a browse graphic, and the FGDC CSDGM metadata. Transfer_Size: 4 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/60bfb7c2d34e86b938916d1e Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/60bfb7c2d34e86b938916d1e Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P94HIDVU Access_Instructions: The first link is to download the data in a ZIP file. The second and third links are to the landing page of the data. The last two links go to the same place; one is the DOI designation of the publication. Fees: none Technical_Prerequisites: The data release includes 1 comma-delimited text file. The user must have software capable of opening the file and reading the data formats. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20210630 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jennifer A O'Keefe Suttles Contact_Organization: Northeast Region: WOODS HOLE COASTAL AND MARINE SCIENCE CENTER Contact_Position: Chemist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2385 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jokeefesuttles@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998