Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 20240112 Title: Intersects for the Southern California coastal region generated to calculate shoreline change rates using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System version 5.0 Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P94J0K7Z Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P94J0K7Z Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/64adda38d34e70357a29327d Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Originator: Amy S. Farris Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Publication_Date: 2024 Title: National Shoreline Change—A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data from the 1800s to 2010s for the coast of California Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P94J0K7Z Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: suggested citation: Kratzmann, M.G., Farris, A.S., and Himmelstoss, E.A., 2024, National Shoreline Change—A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data from the 1800s to 2010s for the coast of California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P94J0K7Z. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P94J0K7Z Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/619668d0d34eb622f69155a7 Description: Abstract: Sandy ocean beaches are a popular recreational destination, often surrounded by communities containing valuable real estate. Development is on the rise despite the fact that coastal infrastructure is subjected to flooding and erosion. As a result, there is an increased demand for accurate information regarding past and present shoreline changes. To meet these national needs, the Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is compiling existing reliable historical shoreline data along open-ocean sandy shores of the conterminous United States and parts of Alaska and Hawaii as part of the Coastal Change Hazards programmatic focus, formerly the National Assessment of Shoreline Change project. There is no widely accepted standard for analyzing shoreline change. Existing shoreline data measurements and rate calculation methods vary from study to study and prevent combining results into state-wide or regional assessments. The impetus behind this national scale project was to develop a standardized method of measuring changes in shoreline position that is consistent from coast to coast. The goal was to facilitate the process of periodically and systematically updating the results in an internally consistent manner. In this release, three new tidal datum-based mean high water (MHW) shorelines extracted from 2009/2010/2011, 2015, and 2016 lidar elevation data are included in the analysis (coverage not necessarily continuous statewide). The full range of shoreline data is 1852 to 2016. The proxy-datum bias correction has been applied on a transect-by-transect basis to reconcile offsets between the MHW shorelines and proxy-based HWL shorelines for the entire California coastal region which is divided into three subregions: Northern California (NorCal), Central California (CenCal), and Southern California (SoCal). In the previous report (Hapke et al., 2006), the proxy-datum bias correction was only applied to regional shoreline averages. This shoreline change update for California reports proxy-datum bias corrected rates when that information was computed while extracting shoreline positions from lidar data. In areas where the methods for delineating shorelines did not include computing bias correction values, the rates are reported without that correction. The proxy-datum bias concept is explained further in Ruggiero and List (2009) and in the process steps of the metadata file associated with the transect rates. Purpose: This dataset consists of point data which are created by the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version v5.0 at the intersection of shoreline and transect locations. A reference baseline was used as the originating point for the orthogonal transects cast by the DSAS software. These point data contain identification information related to the DSAS transect (TransectID, TransOrder) as well as the shoreline (ShorelineID, Uncertainty). Measurement transects are cast by DSAS from the baseline to intersect shoreline vectors, and the intersect data provide location and time information used to calculate rates of change. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2024 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -119.998349 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -117.123910 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.455933 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 32.534428 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: Intersects Theme_Keyword: Intersect points Theme_Keyword: Shoreline Theme_Keyword: Shoreline Change Theme_Keyword: Digital Shoreline Analysis System Theme_Keyword: DSAS Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:64adda38d34e70357a29327d Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Pacific Coast Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: North America Place_Keyword: California Place_Keyword: Northern California Place_Keyword: NorCal Place_Keyword: Central California Place_Keyword: CenCal Place_Keyword: Southern California Place_Keyword: SoCal Access_Constraints: None. Use_Constraints: These data were automatically generated using the DSAS v5.0 software applications. Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. These data are not to be used for navigation. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Meredith G. Kratzmann Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mkratzmann@contractor.usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/64adda38d34e70357a29327d?name=BG_Socal_intersects_LT.jpg&allowOpen=true Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Map view of data Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 10 Enterprise; Esri ArcGIS 10.7.1 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Publication_Date: 2024 Title: National Shoreline Change—Summary Statistics of Shoreline Change From the 1800s To the 2010s for the Coast of California Series_Information: Series_Name: data report Issue_Identification: 1187 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Data report associated with data release DOI:10.5066/P94J0K7Z. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1187 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Originator: Amy S. Farris Originator: Rachel E. Henderson Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Originator: Ayhan Ergul Originator: Ouya Zhang Originator: Jessica L. Zichichi Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Digital Shoreline Analysis System (version 5.0): U.S. Geological Survey Software Series_Information: Series_Name: software release Issue_Identification: version 5.0 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://code.usgs.gov/cch/dsas/ Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VW42I0 Online_Linkage: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc/science/digital-shoreline-analysis-system-dsas Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Originator: Rachel E. Henderson Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Originator: Amy S. Farris Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) Version 5.0 User Guide Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2018-1179 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181179 Online_Linkage: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc/science/digital-shoreline-analysis-system-dsas Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Cheryl J. Hapke Originator: David Reid Originator: Bruce M. Richmond Originator: Peter Ruggiero Originator: Jeff List Publication_Date: 2006 Title: National Assessment of Shoreline Change Part 3: Historical Shoreline Change and Associated Coastal Land Loss Along Sandy Shorelines of the California Coast Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2006-1219 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061219 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Peter Ruggiero Originator: Jeffrey H. List Publication_Date: 200909 Title: Improving Accuracy and Statistical Reliability of Shoreline Position and Change Rate Estimates Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of Coastal Research Issue_Identification: vol. 255 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: n/a Publisher: Coastal Education and Research Foundation Other_Citation_Details: pp. 1069-1081 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2112/08-1051.1 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The attributes of this dataset are based on the field requirements of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System and were automatically generated by the software during the generation of the intersects layer. Logical_Consistency_Report: These data were generated using DSAS, an automated software program, which does not perform checks for fidelity of the input features. Following generation of the rates and intersects by the DSAS software a visual inspection of the intersects was performed in map view to determine that no unwanted measurements were included in the shoreline change analysis. Completeness_Report: This dataset contains all the shoreline/transect intersects used to compute rates in the DSAS v5.0 software application. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The intersection points represent the location where transects cast by the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software crosses a historical shoreline position. They can be used to visually display which shorelines were used in the rate calculations and capture details on the shoreline represented by the intersection. The distances between the reference baseline and each shoreline intersection along a transect are used by the DSAS software to compute the shoreline change metrics. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Long-term (LT) rate calculations performed for Northern California (Norcal), Central California (Cencal), and Southern California (Socal). For calculation parameters, please see the transects_rates metadata files. Rate files produced: (Norcal)= transects_Nor_LT_rates_20200728_170343 (Cencal)= transects_Cen_LT_rates_20200725_175846 (Socal)= transects_So_LT_rates_20200729_163635 Intersect files produced: (Norcal)= transects_Nor_LT_intersect_20200728_170343 (Cencal)= transects_Cen_LT_intersect_20200725_175846 (Socal)= transects_So_LT_intersect_20200729_163635 For additional information, please see the DSAS help file distributed with the DSAS software, or visit the USGS website at: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc/science/digital-shoreline-analysis-system-dsas This process step and all subsequent process steps were performed by the same person - Meredith G. Kratzmann. Process_Date: 2020 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Meredith G. Kratzmann Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mkratzmann@contractor.usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The intersect feature classes were exported to shapefiles in ArcMap v10.7 by right-clicking the transect layer > data > export data. Files renamed [Norcal, Cencal, Socal]_intersects_LT. Process_Date: 2020 Process_Step: Process_Description: The exported intersect shapefiles were projected in Esri's ArcToolbox (v10.7) > Data Management Tools > Projections and Transformations > Project. Parameters: input projection - UTM zone 10N (WGS84)(Norcal, Cencal), UTM zone 11N (WGS84)(Socal); output projection - geographic coordinates (WGS84); transformation = none. Process_Date: 2020 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 43110 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.0000001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.0000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Socal_intersects_LT.shp Entity_Type_Definition: The intersection points are generated by DSAS where each DSAS generated transect crosses a shoreline. These intersections represent the shorelines used to compute long-term shoreline change rates in Southern California (Socal). Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number used as a unique identifier of an object within a table primarily used in shapefiles. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: TransectID Attribute_Definition: The TransectID relates directly to the original transect file Object Identifier, ObjectID or OID Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: unlimited Attribute: Attribute_Label: TransOrder Attribute_Definition: Assigned by DSAS based on ordering of transects along the baseline. Used to sort transect data along the baseline from baseline start to baseline end. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: unlimited Attribute: Attribute_Label: BaselineID Attribute_Definition: Values in this field correlate to the baseline attribute field ID and are assigned by DSAS to identify the baseline segment used to generate the measurement transect. Baseline segments assigned an ID = 0 are ignored by DSAS and no transects will be cast along those line segments. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: unlimited Attribute: Attribute_Label: ShorelineI Attribute_Definition: Date of shoreline position; date of survey as determined from shoreline layer. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Date of the shoreline in mm/dd/yyyy Attribute: Attribute_Label: Distance Attribute_Definition: The distance in meters between the DSAS reference baseline and the shoreline intersection point along a DSAS transect. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Decimal values may be positive or negative, which is used to indicate landward (negative) or seaward (positive) movement through time. Attribute: Attribute_Label: IntersectX Attribute_Definition: The X-coordinate location in eastings of the intersect point in WGS84 UTM 11N. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 224551 Range_Domain_Maximum: 488364 Attribute: Attribute_Label: IntersectY Attribute_Definition: The Y-coordinate location in northings of the intersect point in WGS84 UTM 11N. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 3599682 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3816790 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Uncertaint Attribute_Definition: The uncertainty of the shoreline position at the intersect point, as defined by the positional uncertainty attribute value (Uncy) of the shoreline. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: unlimited Attribute: Attribute_Label: Bias_Dista Attribute_Definition: The distance in meters between the DSAS reference baseline and the shoreline intersection point along a DSAS transect, with the proxy-datum bias correction applied. A Bias_Dista value of 9999 in the attribute table means that value is Null. ArcGIS automatically changes Null values to zero values when a feature class is exported from a geodatabase to a shapefile. Zero values were changed to 9999 to clearly identify Null values. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Decimal values may be positive or negative, which is used to indicate landward (negative) or seaward (positive) movement through time. Attribute: Attribute_Label: BIAS Attribute_Definition: The estimated unidirectional horizontal offset between MHW and HWL shoreline positions based on lidar data. A BIAS value of 9999 in the attribute table means that value is Null. ArcGIS automatically changes Null values to zero values when a feature class is exported from a geodatabase to a shapefile. Zero values were changed to 9999 to clearly identify Null values. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: unlimited Attribute: Attribute_Label: BIAS_X Attribute_Definition: The X-coordinate location in eastings of the intersect point with the bias correction applied in WGS84 UTM 10N with the exception of zero values where bias correction was not applied. A BIAS_X value of 9999 in the attribute table means that value is Null. ArcGIS automatically changes Null values to zero values when a feature class is exported from a geodatabase to a shapefile. Zero values were changed to 9999 to clearly identify Null values. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 488364 Attribute: Attribute_Label: BIAS_Y Attribute_Definition: The Y-coordinate location in northings of the intersect point with the bias correction applied in WGS84 UTM 10N with the exception of zero values where bias correction was not applied. A BIAS_Y value of 9999 in the attribute table means that value is Null. ArcGIS automatically changes Null values to zero values when a feature class is exported from a geodatabase to a shapefile. Zero values were changed to 9999 to clearly identify Null values. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3816790 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Bias_Uncer Attribute_Definition: The uncertainty associated with the shoreline once the bias correction has been applied. It is the quadrature sum of the shoreline uncertainty and the uncertainty of the bias estimate. A Bias_Uncer value of 9999 in the attribute table means that value is Null. ArcGIS automatically changes Null values to zero values when a feature class is exported from a geodatabase to a shapefile. Zero values were changed to 9999 to clearly identify Null values. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: unlimited Attribute: Attribute_Label: Bias_NB Attribute_Definition: Describes whether or not the proxy-datum bias correction was applied at a given transect. There may be sections of coast with alternate combinations of shoreline type where the bias correction cannot be applied. For example, transects with only HWL shoreline intersections, or transects that include MHW shoreline intersections with no bias, will not have a bias correction applied. In DSAS v5.0, the bias correction is applied up to 2 kilometers beyond the last bias data point in the baseline flow direction. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Bias Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The proxy-datum bias correction was applied. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: NB Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The proxy-datum bias correction was not applied. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the intersects needed to calculate long-term (greater than 50 years, and typically greater than 100 years) shoreline change rates. Please review the individual attribute descriptions for detailed information. All calculations for length are in meter units and were based on the UTM zone 11N WGS 84 projection. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - GS ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: The dataset contains the point intersections used for the analysis of shoreline data (SHP and other shapefile components), browse graphic, and the FGDC CSDGM metadata. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.7 Format_Specification: Esri polyline shapefile Format_Information_Content: These files (.cpg, .dbf, .prj, .sbn, .sbx, .shp, .html, and .shx) are a collection of files with a common filename prefix and must be downloaded and stored in the same directory. Together they are the components of the shapefile and include FGDC CSDGM-compliant metadata in HTML format. File_Decompression_Technique: no compression applied Transfer_Size: 2.53 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P94J0K7Z Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/64adda38d34e70357a29327d Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/64adda38d34e70357a29327d Access_Instructions: The first link is to the USGS publication page, the second link downloads all the data on the landing page, and the third link is to the dataset landing page. Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: These data are available in a point shapefile format. The user must have software to read and process the data components of a shapefile. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20240112 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Meredith G. Kratzmann Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time