Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Travis K. Sterne Originator: Elizabeth A. Pendleton Originator: Erika E. Lentz Originator: Rachel E. Henderson Publication_Date: 20230228 Title: Coastal Change Likelihood in the U.S. Northeast Region: Maine to Virginia - Fabric Dataset Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P96A2Q5X Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P96A2Q5X Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/61781f88d34e4c6b7fe2a444 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Travis K. Sterne Originator: Elizabeth A. Pendleton Originator: Erika E. Lentz Originator: Rachel E. Henderson Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Coastal Change Likelihood in the U.S. Northeast Region — Maine to Virginia Edition: 1 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P96A2Q5X Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: Sterne, T.K., Pendleton, E.A., Lentz, E.E., and Henderson, R.E., 2023, Coastal Change Likelihood in the U.S. Northeast Region — Maine to Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P96A2Q5X. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P96A2Q5X Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/61781c1bd34e4c6b7fe2a425 Description: Abstract: Coastal resources are increasingly impacted by erosion, extreme weather events, sea-level rise, tidal flooding, and other potential hazards related to climate change. These hazards have varying impacts on coastal landscapes due to the numerous geologic, oceanographic, ecological, and socioeconomic factors that exist at a given location. Here, an assessment framework is introduced that synthesizes existing datasets describing the variability of the landscape and hazards that may act on it to evaluate the likelihood of coastal change along the U.S coastline within the coming decade. The pilot study, conducted in the Northeastern U.S. (Maine to Virginia), is comprised of datasets derived from a variety of federal, state, and local sources. First, a decision tree-based dataset is built that describes the fabric or integrity of the coastal landscape and includes landcover, elevation, slope, long-term (>150 years) shoreline change trends, dune height, and marsh stability data. A second database was generated from coastal hazards, which are divided into event hazards (e.g., flooding, wave power, and probability of storm overwash) and persistent hazards (e.g., relative sea-level rise rate, short-term (about 30 years) shoreline erosion rate, and storm recurrence interval). The fabric dataset is then merged with the coastal hazards databases and a training dataset made up of hundreds of polygons is generated from the merged dataset to support a supervised learning classification. Results from this pilot study are location-specific at 10-meter resolution and are made up of four raster datasets that include (1) quantitative and qualitative information used to determine the resistance of the landscape to change, (2 & 3) the potential coastal hazards that act on it, (4) the machine learning output, or Coastal Change Likelihood (CCL), based on the cumulative effects of both fabric and hazards, and (5) an estimate of the hazard type (event or persistent) that is the likely to influence coastal change. Final outcomes are intended to be used as a first order planning tool to determine which areas of the coast may be more likely to change in response to future potential coastal hazards, and to examine elements and drivers that make change in a location more likely. Purpose: CCL is a first order planning tool that estimates the likelihood that an area of coast will experience change based on its inherit resistance to change, metrics associated with specific land cover types, and the hazards that impact a coast. The CCL Fabric dataset is a 10 mpp decision-tree-based assessment of land cover, elevation, slope, multi-decadal shoreline change trends, and marsh stability. Each raster cell is assigned a unique value based on the potential hazard scenario expected to occur in a given location. All relevant information pertaining to each grid cell is stored in the associated attribute table. This dataset covers the Northeast US coastline between +/- 10 meters elevation relative to mean high water (MHW) from Maine to Virginia. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 2010 Ending_Date: 2021 Currentness_Reference: ground condition of source data Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -77.527891 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -66.883630 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 45.192996 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.514857 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards Mission Area Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: Coastal Fabric Theme_Keyword: Elevation Theme_Keyword: Interpretation Theme_Keyword: Bathymetry Theme_Keyword: Landcover Theme_Keyword: Land Cover Theme_Keyword: Topography Theme_Keyword: UVVR Theme_Keyword: Unvegetated-Vegetated Ratio Theme_Keyword: Shoreline Change Theme_Keyword: Coastal Hazards Theme_Keyword: High Tide Flooding Theme_Keyword: Storm Recurrence Theme_Keyword: Wave Power Theme_Keyword: Storm Overwash Theme_Keyword: Sea Level Rise Theme_Keyword: Coastal Change Hazard Assessment Theme_Keyword: Coastal Vulnerability Index Theme_Keyword: Machine Learning Theme_Keyword: Autoclassification Theme_Keyword: Automation Theme_Keyword: Arcpy Theme_Keyword: ArcGIS Pro Theme_Keyword: Support Vector Machine Theme_Keyword: Training Samples Theme_Keyword: Supervised Classification Theme_Keyword: Decision Tree Framework Theme_Keyword: scientific interpretation Theme_Keyword: land use and land cover Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: marine geology Theme_Keyword: topography Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme_Keyword: hazards Theme_Keyword: sea-level change Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:61781f88d34e4c6b7fe2a444 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Northeast US Place_Keyword: Maine Place_Keyword: New Hampshire Place_Keyword: Massachusetts Place_Keyword: Rhode Island Place_Keyword: Connecticut Place_Keyword: New York Place_Keyword: New Jersey Place_Keyword: Delaware Place_Keyword: Maryland Place_Keyword: Virginia Place_Keyword: St. Croix Island International Historic Site Place_Keyword: Acadia National Park Place_Keyword: Gateway National Recreation Area Place_Keyword: George Washington Birthplace National Monument Place_Keyword: Cape Cod National Seashore Access_Constraints: None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. Use_Constraints: Not to be used for navigation. Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. Additionally, there are limitations associated with coastal change hazard assessments. Although these data are published at a resolution of 10 mpp and are considered high resolution, the intended scale for use is around 1:24,000. Please read the associated Data Release (https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1169) for a list of caveats, applications, and use recommendations for these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Travis K Sterne Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548 8700 x2219 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: tsterne@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/61781f88d34e4c6b7fe2a444?name=Fabric_Graphic.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Outer Cape Cod with land cover type as defined in the coastal fabric data layer Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Native_Data_Set_Environment: Esri ArcGIS Pro 10.6.0.8321 2.6.3 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Thieler, E.R. Originator: Hammar-Klose, E.S. Publication_Date: 1999 Title: National assessment of coastal vulnerability to sea-level rise; U.S. Atlantic Coast Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 1999-595 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99593 Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-593/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Elizabeth A. Pendleton Originator: Erika E. Lentz Originator: Travis K. Sterne Originator: Rachel E. Henderson Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Development and application of a coastal change likelihood assessment for the northeast region, Maine to Virginia Series_Information: Series_Name: Data Report Issue_Identification: 1169 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: Pendleton, E.A., Lentz, E.E., Sterne, T.K., and Henderson, R.E., 2023, Development and application of a coastal change likelihood assessment for the northeast region, Maine to Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Data Report 1169, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1169. The CCL data release (https://doi.org/10.5066/P96A2Q5X) is associated with the CCL Data Report (https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1169) Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1169 Online_Linkage: https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/dr1169 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: All data values represent relative likelihood for landscape change in response to coastal hazards based on previous empirical research and expert opinion. The final output generated is the expected outcome based on this information. Accuracy assessments were carried out on the landcover data used for this project to estimate the accuracy of land cover type, which determines the landscape's baseline CCL value. Logical_Consistency_Report: All data were checked for accuracy during processing and an accuracy assessment was conducted on the composite landscape delineation (see associated data report), which suggests that the overall landscape classification is around eighty percent accurate with a Kappa coefficient of 0.77, which is considered ‘in substantial agreement’ with the source aerial imagery. Due to the large number of source datasets that have been combined and merged in this dataset, there are some known inconsistencies, and there may be others unlisted or yet unrealized. The source data often have incomplete extents, gaps, and inconsistencies, which primarily arise from the resolution, quality, density, format, date, source imagery, or spatial processing with other data sources. Some of the known issues are listed here. Elevation inconsistencies: CONED elevation data were the preferred source of high-resolution seamless bathymetry and topography for the study area. However, CONED data north of Cape Ann, MA are not yet available. Additional DEM information was added to CONED to fill in gaps in northern MA, NH and ME. The offshore domain in ME and NH was approximated due to a lack of high resolution, seamless bathymetric data. The offshore domain is extended to the edge of the source CCAP landcover extent, but does not uniformly represent the –10-meter contour like areas where CONED data are the source elevation information Landcover inconsistencies: 10 mpp Beta CCAP landcover data were the definitive source of landcover data wherever available. Alternative land use/land cover (LULC) data sources were used for New Jersey, Virginia, and Pennsylvania (along the Delaware River) where 10 mpp CCAP data are not available. The change in source landcover data created some seams along and within state boundaries, as well as some differences in landscape classification. For example, the New Jersey landcover source associates ‘recreational lands’ with ‘Urban’ landscapes, which is different than CCAP. This difference in classification algorithm causes parts of New Jersey to appear more developed compared to other states. Landcover data for the Aberdeen Proving Ground military installation are masked for security purposes and have been given a ‘NoData’ classification, which is the same as aquatic class. A change in imagery date in the MD CCAP data creates an unnatural boundary in the landcover data in part of MD. Shoreline data inconsistencies: Three landscape classes in this study were derived from vector shoreline data (NOAA Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) datasets listed in the source data section). Both polyline and polygon datasets were rasterized and merged with the LULC source data. ESI shoreline classifications have some inconsistencies between the regional and national data products, and several of these can be seen in the landscape classification. For example, differences in the MD, VA and Chesapeake Bay ESI datasets may result in overlapping or misaligned features (such as seawalls). Spatial alignment issues arise from datum adjustments and shoreline source differences in the LULC data and the ESI data. Additionally, the rasterization of vector data can create irregularly or jagged shorelines when converted to pixels. Although the translation of these vector shoreline feature classifications is not perfect, the overall benefit of including the three additional landscape classes from vector sources (rocky, hardened, and tidal flats) in this study far exceeds the limitations of a coastal landscape classification without them. Shoreline change data inconsistencies and completeness: The shoreline change rates associated with the unconsolidated shore landclass are more extensive for the state of MA than they are for other states in this study. Shoreline change data derived from the National Assessment of Shoreline change (see source listed below) are located along sandy, open-ocean-facing coasts. However, the MA shoreline change data often covers embayments and backbarrier shorelines. This difference in data availability results in more detailed assessment of the shoreline in MA compared to other states. UVVR data resolution: The data from the Unvegetated to Vegetated Ratio (UVVR) are the only source fabric data that did not exist at 10 mpp or finer resolution. The 30 mpp UVVR product was used in this study to resolve the decision nodes associated with saltmarshes, and this affects the apparent resolution of salt marshes where UVVR was applied. For a more complete explanation of how source data affect the results of the CCL dataset as a whole, see the discussion section of the associated data report (https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1169) Completeness_Report: CCL is a model for coastal landscapes in the Northeast United States.  All output is "clipped" to an elevation domain; this dataset represents change likelihood from +/- 10 meters (MHW) elevation, based on physical characteristics of the landscape, where data exist. Existing gaps in coverage for this dataset within this domain are a result of data gaps in source information. See the logical consistency report for a summary of source data limitations or inconsistencies. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS 1984) in a Geographic Coordinate System or WGS 1984 Web Mercator (auxiliary sphere) in a Projected Coordinate System. Source data were resampled to 10 mpp for use. There may be resampling errors associated with coarsening (e.g. elevation data were resampled from 1 mpp to 10 mpp) or fining (UVVR were resampled from 30 mpp to 10 mpp) of the data. Likewise some data, like NOAA’s ESI and the shoreline type data for both hardened and rocky shores were rasterized from a source vector, and there can be spatial inconsistencies associated with the rasterization of vector data. Also, some areas, especially in part of MA, the ESI shoreline is slightly misaligned with the landcover data shoreline. The horizontal accuracy of this dataset is assumed to be better than +/- 30 meters, but dynamic coastal areas may experience much higher rates of change during storms, and horizontal offset at the shoreline maybe much higher (+/- 100 meters) in certain areas. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: This dataset uses the Mean High Water (MHW) tidal datum. Source elevation data were transferred from North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) or Mean High Water Level (MHW) to MHW using NOAA’s Vdatum (https://vdatum.noaa.gov/). Source CONED data have a theoretical root mean square error of 0.15 m (Danielson and Tyler, 2018). Andrews and others (2018) DEM for Massachusetts has a reported error of +/- 10 to 60cm. The NOAA SLR DEMs for land areas of ME and NH are not checked for accuracy but are in compliance with standards for FEMA Flood Hazard Mapping. The Gulf of ME DEM, which was used in the offshore areas of ME and NH varies in error according to original sources by which the data were collected from 1859 to 2010. In summary, these data may have vertical errors of 10 meters or more in offshore areas but are expected to be much higher on land. Vertical accuracy associated with the source data on land and the vertical transformation process are expected to be less than 0.5 m. Elevation data are used to define the domain of this dataset. Elevation and derivatives of the elevation grid (slope) are applied to certain landcover classes as well (marsh, developed, and forest), but there are no explicit elevation values within the attribute table of this grid. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Office for Coastal Management Publication_Date: 2016 Title: NOAA Office for Coastal Management Sea Level Rise Data: 1-10ft Seal Level Rise Inundation Extent Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Online_Linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/48106 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2016 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date - 2021 Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA SLR Topo Source_Contribution: Elevation Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Jeffrey Danielson Originator: Dean Tyler Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Coastal National Elevation Database Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Online_Linkage: https://www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/eros/coned Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2018 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: CONED Source_Contribution: Elevation Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: B.D. Andrews Originator: W.E. Baldwin Originator: D.W. Sampson Originator: W.C. Schwab Publication_Date: 20191227 Title: Continuous bathymetry and elevation models of the Massachusetts coastal zone and continental shelf Edition: Version 3 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F72806T7 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F72806T7 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20191227 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: CZM Topobathy Source_Contribution: Elevation Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Office for Coastal Management Publication_Date: 20161003 Title: C-CAP Derived Land Cover BETA Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/data/ccapderived.html Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20161003 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: CCAP Source_Contribution: Land Cover Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: B.R. Couvillion Originator: N.K. Ganju Originator: Z. Defne Publication_Date: 20210205 Title: An Unvegetated to Vegetated Ratio (UVVR) for coastal wetlands of the Conterminous United States (2014-2018) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P97DQXZP Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: Couvillion, B.R., Ganju, N.K., and Defne, Z., 2021, An Unvegetated to Vegetated Ratio (UVVR) for coastal wetlands of the Conterminous United States (2014-2018): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P97DQXZP. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P97DQXZP Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5fa18656d34e198cb793cba5 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20210205 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: UVVR Source_Contribution: Marsh Vegetation Cover Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: E.A. Himmelstoss Originator: A.S. Farris Originator: K.M. Weber Originator: R.E. Henderson Publication_Date: 20190807 Title: Massachusetts Shoreline Change Project, 2018 Update: A GIS Compilation of Shoreline Change Rates Calculated Using Digital Shoreline Analysis System Version 5.0, With Supplementary Intersects and Baselines for Massachusetts Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9RRBEYK Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geoloigcal Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: Himmelstoss, E.A., Farris, A.S., Weber, K.M., and Henderson, R.E., 2019, Massachusetts shoreline change project, 2018 update–A GIS compilation of shoreline change rates calculated using Digital Shoreline Analysis System version 5.0, with supplementary intersects and baselines for Massachusetts (ver. 2.0, August 2019): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RRBEYK. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RRBEYK Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5be5857ce4b0b3fc5cf8c6ca Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20190807 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Shoreline Change - MA Source_Contribution: Shoreline Change Rates Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: E.A. Himmelstoss Originator: M. Kratzmann Originator: C. Hapke Originator: E.R. Thieler Originator: J. List Publication_Date: 2010 Title: The national assessment of shoreline change: A GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the New England and Mid-Atlantic Coasts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010–1119 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2010-1119 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101119 Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1119/ Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2010 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Shoreline Change - Not MA Source_Contribution: Shoreline Change Rates Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Ocean Service Publication_Date: 2021 Title: VDatum Edition: Version 4.2 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Online_Linkage: https://vdatum.noaa.gov Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2019 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Vdatum Source_Contribution: MHW elevation conversion Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: K.S. Doran Originator: J.J. Birchler Originator: M.W. Hardy Originator: K.J. Bendik Originator: J.M. Pardun Originator: H.A. Locke Publication_Date: 2020 Title: National assessment of hurricane-induced coastal erosion hazards Edition: Version 2.0, February 2021 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P99ILAB9 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: Doran, K.S., Birchler, J.J., Hardy, M.W., Bendik, K.J., Pardun, J.M., and Locke, H.A., 2020, National assessment of hurricane-induced coastal erosion hazards (ver. 2.0, February 2021): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P99ILAB9. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P99ILAB9 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20210218 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: PCOI Source_Contribution: Dune Height, probability of over-wash Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2020 Title: Watershed Boundary Dataset: National Hydrography Dataset Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Online_Linkage: https://apps.nationalmap.gov/downloader/#/ Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2020 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: HUC Source_Contribution: Watershed boundaries Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Z. Defne Originator: A.L. Aretxabaleta Originator: N.K. Ganju Originator: T.S. Kalra Originator: D.K. Jones Originator: K.E.L. Smith Publication_Date: 20200130 Title: A geospatially resolved wetland vulnerability index: Synthesis of physical drivers Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Online_Linkage: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0228504 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20200130 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: UVVR Metrics 1 Source_Contribution: UVVR metrics Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: N.K. Ganju Originator: Z. Defne Originator: M.L. Kirwan Originator: S. Fagherazzi Originator: A. D'Alpaos Originator: L. Carniello Publication_Date: 20170123 Title: Spatially integrative metrics reveal hidden vulnerability of microtidal salt marshes Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Online_Linkage: https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14156 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20170123 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: UVVR Metrics 2 Source_Contribution: UVVR metrics Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Office of Response and Restoration Publication_Date: 2017 Title: National Environmental Sensitivity Index Shoreline: GULF/ATLANTIC ESI, PACIFIC ESI: ESIL (ESI Shoreline Types - Lines). Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Online_Linkage: https://response.restoration.noaa.gov/esi_download Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2017 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ESI_1 Source_Contribution: Land Cover Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Office of Response and Restoration Publication_Date: 2016 Title: Maine and New Hampshire 2016 ESI Polygons Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Other_Citation_Details: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Online_Linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/40371 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2016 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ESI_2 Source_Contribution: Land Cover Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Office of Response and Restoration Publication_Date: 2016 Title: Massachusetts and Rhode Island 2016 ESIP (ESI Shoreline Types - Polygons) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Other_Citation_Details: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Online_Linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/51698 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2016 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ESI_3 Source_Contribution: Land Cover Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Office of Response and Restoration Publication_Date: 2016 Title: Long Island Sound 2016 ESI POLYGONS Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Other_Citation_Details: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Online_Linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/40470 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2016 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ESI_4 Source_Contribution: Land Cover Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Office of Response and Restoration Publication_Date: 2016 Title: NY/NJ Metro Area, Hudson River, and South Long Island 2016 ESIP (Environmental Sensitivity Index Polygons) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Other_Citation_Details: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Online_Linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/40466 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2016 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ESI_5 Source_Contribution: Land Cover Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Office of Response and Restoration Publication_Date: 2014 Title: Delaware / New Jersey / Pennsylvania 2014 ESI Polygons Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Other_Citation_Details: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Online_Linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/53861 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2014 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ESI_6 Source_Contribution: Land Cover Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Office of Response and Restoration Publication_Date: 2016 Title: Chesapeake Bay and the Outer Coasts of Maryland and Virginia 2016 ESI Polygons Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Other_Citation_Details: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Online_Linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/40644 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2016 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ESI_7 Source_Contribution: Land Cover Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Publication_Date: 2020 Title: National Wetlands Inventory Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Other_Citation_Details: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. Online_Linkage: http://www.fws.gov/wetlands Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2020 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NWI Source_Contribution: Salt Marsh Extent Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of GIS Publication_Date: 20190128 Title: Land Use/Land Cover of New Jersey 2015 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Online_Linkage: https://gisdata-njdep.opendata.arcgis.com/documents/6f76b90deda34cc98aec255e2defdb45/about Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2015 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NJ Land Cover Source_Contribution: Land Cover Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Virginia Geographic Information Network (VGIN) Originator: Department of Conservation & Recreation (DCR) Originator: Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) Originator: Virginia Department of Forestry (VDOF) Originator: Tidal Marsh Inventory (TMI) Originator: National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) Originator: National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) Originator: Virginia Economic Development Partnership (VEDP) Originator: Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals, and Energy (DMME), Originator: Worldview Solutions, Inc. Publication_Date: 2020 Title: 1-meter Virginia Land Cover Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Online_Linkage: https://vgin.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=6ae731623ff847df91df767877db0eae Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 2011 Ending_Date: 2015 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: VA Land Cover Source_Contribution: Land Cover Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Chesapeake Conservancy Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Landcover Data Project 2013/2014 Edition: 13 class version Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Online_Linkage: https://www.chesapeakeconservancy.org/conservation-innovation-center/high-resolution-data/land-cover-data-project/ Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 2013 Ending_Date: 2014 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Chesapeake Conservancy Source_Contribution: Land Cover Process_Step: Process_Description: All elevation data were re-sampled to 10-mpp resolution using the ESRI ArcGIS Pro Resample tool, converted to reflect elevation relative to mean high water (MHW; NAVD88) using NOAA Vdatum version 4.2 and consolidated into one mosaic dataset using ESRI ArcGIS Pro Mosaic to New Raster tool. This step created the domain (spatial extent) of all datasets in this publication (coastal fabric, coastal hazards, and coastal change likelihood). This step and all of the following steps were completed by Travis K. Sterne using ESRI ArcGIS Pro Version 2.6.3 geospatial software. Steps 1 through 10 were automated using the Arcpy package for Python programming in a Jupyter Notebook environment. Any subsequent steps that mention the use of “tools” or “functions” refer to geoprocessing tools utilized in ArcGIS Pro. The steps described in detail below define the project domain, then reclassify land cover data according to associated coastal metrics within the domain and apply an integer value that defines both land cover and relative ‘toughness’ of the landscape using a unique identifier value. The resultant raster (at end of step 10) is the outcome of a compounding raster decision matrix that is guided by both expert opinion and coastal change metrics. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA SLR Topo Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: CONED Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: CZM Topobathy Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Vdatum Process_Date: 2021 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Elevation Mosaic Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 2: All landcover raster datasets (CCAP, VGIN, Chesapeake Bay Conservation, and NJEP) were resampled to 10 mpp and, when necessary, simplified into a six-class classified raster dataset. This conversion was completed using the Reclassify tool. The values were reclassified as follows for a CCAP data source example: Developed High Intensity (2), Developed Medium Intensity (3), Developed Low Intensity (4), Developed Open Space (5), and Cultivated Crops (6), were all updated reclassified to DEVELOPED (4000); Deciduous Forest (9), Evergreen Forest (10), Mixed Forest (11), Pasture/Hay (7), Grassland/Herbaceous (8), Scrub/Shrub (12), were updated to FOREST (5000); , Palustrine Forested Wetland (13), Palustrine Scrub/Shrub Wetland (14), Palustrine. Emergent Wetland (15), Estuarine Forested Wetland (16), Estuarine Scrub/Shrub Wetland (17), and Estuarine Emergent Wetland (18), were updated to MARSH (6000); Unconsolidated Shore (19), and Barren Land (20), were updated to UNCONSOLIDATED SHORE (7000); Open Water (21), Palustrine Aquatic Bed (22), and Estuarine Aquatic Bed (23), were updated to AQUATIC (1000). The NJDEP data was parsed according to the “TYPE15” attribute field and reclassified as follows: Urban and Agriculture were reclassified as DEVELOPED (4000). Barren Land was reclassified as UNCONSOLIDATED SHORE (7000). Forest land cover maintained the same classification name, though was assigned a value of 5000. Water was reclassified as AQUATIC (1000). Wetlands were reclassified as MARSH (6000). The VGIN land cover dataset was reclassified as follows: 11-Hydro was reclassified to AQUATIC (1000). 21- Impervious (extracted), 22- Impervious (Local datasets), 61 – Harvested/Disturbed, and 82 – Cropland were reclassified to DEVELOPED (4000), 31 – Barren was reclassified to UNCONSOLIDATED SHORE (7000). 41 – Forest, 42 – Tree, 51 – Scrub/Shrub, 71 – TurfGrass, and 81 – Pasture were reclassified to FOREST (5000). 91 – Woody Wetlands and 92 – Emergent Wetlands were reclassified as MARSH (6000). The Chesapeake Conservancy land cover data was reclassified as follows: 1 Water was reclassified as AQUATIC (1000). 2 Emergent Wetlands was reclassified as MARSH (6000). 3 Tree Canopy, 4 Shrubland, and 5 Low Vegetation were reclassified to FOREST (5000). 6 Barren was reclassified to UNCONSOLODATED SHORE (7000). 7 Structures, 8 Impervious Surfaces, 9 Impervious Roads, 10 Tree Canopy over Structures, 11 Tree Canopy over Impervious Surfaces, and 12 Tree Canopy over Impervious Roads were reclassified to DEVELOPED (4000). 13 Aberdeen Proving Ground was reclassified to AQUATIC (1000) given that this area exists as a data gap for several other data sources, and no process or analysis takes place for Aquatic land cover type in this dataset. The resulting reclassified land cover datasets were was then mosaiced using the Mosaic to New Raster tool and clipped to the Elevation Mosaic using the Extract by Mask tool. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: CCAP Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: VGIN Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Chesapeake Bay Conservation Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NJDEP Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Elevation Mosaic Process_Date: 2021 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Tree 1 Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 3: Tidal flat, hardened shores, and rocky shores were extracted from all ESI datasets using the Select by Attributes and Export Features functions and converted to raster format using the Feature to Raster tool with a 10-meter cell size. The attribute fields named “LANDWARD SHORETYPE” (line data) and “ESI_DESCRIPTION” (polygon data) were used to extract these land cover types in the following way: 1A Exposed Rocky Shores and 8A Sheltered Impermeable Rocky Shores were extracted and classified as ROCKY SHORES (2000). 6B Riprap, 1B Exposed Solid Man Made Structures, 6B Exposed Riprap, 8B Sheltered Solid Man Made Structures, and 8C Sheltered Riprap were extracted, converted, and classified as HARDENED SHORES (3000). ESI polygon data was used to extract Tidal Flat areas where data exist, and line data was used otherwise. 7A Exposed Tidal Flats and 9A Sheltered Tidal Flats areas were extracted, converted and classified as TIDAL FLATS (8000). All data extracted and converted from ESI feature data was mosaicked with Tree 1 using the Mosaic to New Raster tool. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: ESI_1 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: ESI_1 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: ESI_2 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: ESI_3 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: ESI_4 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: ESI_5 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: ESI_6 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: ESI_7 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Tree 1 Process_Date: 2021 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Tree 2 Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 4: Long-term shoreline change rates transect data were first vetted according to the 90th percentile confidence interval (CI) and the magnitude of calculated change. If the CI was greater than the magnitude of change, the transect was eliminated and not used in further processing. Transect data (Himmelstoss et al. , 2010 and Himmelstoss, Farris, & Weber, 2018) were then manually clipped to eliminate spatial overhang into inapplicable portions of the landscape such as back-bay areas of barrier islands using the Clip tool. Transects were then converted to raster format using the Feature to Raster tool and interpolated to the surface of the landscape using two low-pass smoothing filters using the Filter tool. This tool was utilized twice in order to fill in data gaps between the 50-meter-spaced transects. Given the relatively long uniform length for transects included in Himmelstoss et al. (2010), some transects, this analysis was confined to unconsolidated shore, marshes, and armored shore land cover type, while land cover type was unrestricted for transects included in Himmelstoss, Farris, and Weber (2018)..The resulting raster data layer was assigned a value of 100, and NoData otherwise. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Shoreline Change - MA Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Shoreline Change - Not MA Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Tree 2 Process_Date: 2021 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Shoreline Change Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 5: Vector Dune crest height data from Doran and others (2021) was spatially joined to intersecting shoreline change transects using the Spatial Join tool from Himmelstoss and others (2010) and Himmelstoss, Farris, & Weber (2018). The result was then clipped and appended to the landscape used to create a new raster data layer using the same method described in Step 4. Cells where dune height was less than 3 meters were reclassified as 100, and “NoData” otherwise. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Tree 2 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: PCOI Process_Date: 2021 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Low Dunes Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 6: Unconsolidated shore, hardened shore, marsh, and tidal flat land cover type (Land Cover Mosaic) were analyzed according to overlapping Shoreline Change and Low Dune data. Raster calculator was then used to add both Shoreline Change and Low Dunes to the cell values of these land cover types in Tree 2. If cells in Tree 2 overlapped the presence of Shoreline Change or Low Dunes, a value of 100 was added to the existing cell value of Tree 2. If cells overlapped both Shoreline Change and Low Dunes, a value of 200 was added to Tree 2. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Tree 2 Process_Date: 2021 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Tree 3 Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 7: NWI vector polygon data classified as Estuarine and Marine Wetland under the WETLAND_TY attribute field was extracted and exported to its own feature data layer. This data layer was then used to clip out marsh land cover type in Tree 3 using the Extract by Mask tool, in order to isolate salt marsh areas to be analyzed according to elevation and UVVR. The Zonal Statistics tool was used to determine the mean elevation of salt marsh areas within each HUC 12 unit. If the elevation of salt marsh pixels in the data layer was less than the mean, pixels were reclassified to a value of 0 (low) if their elevation is below the mean for their respective hydrologic unit, and 1 (high) otherwise using the Raster Calculator tool. For UVVR, several thresholds were applied according to Ganju and others (2017) that determine the lifespan of salt marshes. Both elevation and UVVR were considered in further reclassifying salt marsh pixels; the following conditions explain how these data were reclassified (condition, reclassified value): High elevation/Low (< 0.15) UVVR, 0; High elevation/ Moderate (between 0.15 and 0.4) UVVR, 10; Low elevation/Low UVVR, 20 ; Low elevation/Moderate UVVR, 30; High elevation/High (> 0.4) UVVR, 40; Low elevation/High UVVR, 50. Areas classified as "marsh" under CCAP that were not covered by the extent of salt marsh according to NWI and/or salt marsh areas where UVVR data did not exist were reclassified to a value of 60 (data insufficient). Raster Calculator was used to add these values to Tree 3. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Tree 3 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: UVVR Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: HUC Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Elevation Mosaic Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: UVVR Metrics 1 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: UVVR Metrics 2 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NWI Process_Date: 2021 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Tree 4 Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 8: Developed land cover type was analyzed for elevation and slope. A raster layer of landscape slope in percent rise was created using the Slope tool on the Elevation Mosaic. The Raster Calculator tool was then used to determine areas of low/high elevation and slope. Elevation below 2 meters relative to MHW is considered “low” elevation, and “high” otherwise. A slope of less than 6 percent-rise was considered “low”, and “high” otherwise. Threshold values were determined according to slope variance within the domain and expert elicitation, and the landscape was reclassified according to the following (condition, reclassified value): High elevation/high slope, 0; High elevation/ low slope, 1; Low elevation/ high slope, 2; Low elevation/ low slope, 3. Raster Calculator was used to add the reclassified values listed to Tree 4. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Tree 4 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Elevation Mosaic Process_Date: 2021 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Tree 5 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Slope Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 9: Forested land cover was also analyzed for elevation and slope. The same thresholds, methods, and values used in Step 8 were used in this analysis. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Tree 5 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Elevation Mosaic Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Slope Process_Date: 2021 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Tree 6 Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 10: The dataset created at the end of Step 9 (Tree 6) includes integer values ranging from 1000 to 8200. Every unique value in this raster represents a possible environmental condition with a unique propensity to change in the coming decade according to published research and/or expert opinion. Each of these unique values was assigned a value between 0 and 10 in a new attribute field named “CCL”. Cell values of 1 represent areas unlikely to undergo any change in landform and 10 represent areas with a high likelihood to change. Further details on how this relative scale was applied can be found in the accompanying Data Report (Pendleton and others, 2023). An attribute field was added for each of the metrics analyzed and used to reclassify this raster dataset. See the Entity and Attribute section for details. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Tree 6 Process_Date: 2021 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Tree 7 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell Row_Count: 128025 Column_Count: 118491 Vertical_Count: 1 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: WGS 1984 Web Mercator (auxiliary sphere) Map_Projection_Parameters: False_Easting: 0.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: 0.0 Standard_Parallel: 0.0 Standard_Parallel: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 10.0 Ordinate_Resolution: 10.0 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS 84 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: NEStates_Fabric.tif Entity_Type_Definition: Attribute table (.dbf) Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer Defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: OID_ Attribute_Definition: Internal identifier number Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Value Attribute_Definition: Unique ID number. Each unique value represents a potential combination of landscape characteristics, which are described in detail throughout the process steps of this metadata document. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1000 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Aquatic land cover type. No other landscape characteristics are associated with this land cover type in Version 1 of CCL. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2000 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Rocky Shore land cover type. No other landscape characteristics are associated with this land cover type in Version 1 of CCL. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3000 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Hardened Shore land cover type with "high" dune height OR no dune height data present. Thresholds for dune height are defined in Process Step 6. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3100 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Hardened Shore land cover type with "low" dune height OR presence of long-term shoreline change. Thresholds for dune height and shoreline change metrics are defined in Process Step 6. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3200 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Hardened Shore land cover type with "low" dune height AND presence of long-term shoreline change. Thresholds for dune height and shoreline change metrics are defined in Process Step 6. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 4000 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Developed land cover type with "high" elevation and "high" slope as defined in process Step 8. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 4001 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Developed land cover type with "high" elevation and "low" slope as defined in process Step 8. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 4002 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Developed land cover type with "low" elevation and "high" slope as defined in Process Step 8. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 4003 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Developed land cover type with "low" elevation and "low" slope as defined in Process Step 8. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 5000 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Forest land cover type with "high" elevation and "high" slope as defined in Process Step 8 for developed areas. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 5001 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Forest land cover type with "high" elevation and "low" slope as defined in Process Step 8 for developed areas. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 5002 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Forest land cover type with "low" elevation and "high" slope as defined in Process Step 8 for developed areas. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 5003 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Forest land cover type with "low" elevation and "low" slope as defined in Process Step 8 for developed areas. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 6000 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Marsh land cover type with "high" elevation and "low" UVVR as defined in Process Step 7. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 6010 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Marsh land cover type with "high" elevation and "moderate" UVVR as defined in Process Step 7. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 6020 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Marsh land cover type with "low" elevation and "low" UVVR as defined in Process Step 7. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 6030 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Marsh land cover type with "low" elevation and "moderate" UVVR as defined in Process Step 7. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 6040 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Marsh land cover type with "high" elevation and "high" UVVR as defined in Process Step 7. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 6050 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Marsh land cover type with "low" elevation and "high" UVVR as defined in Process Step 7. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 6060 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Area classified as Marsh according to NOAA C-CCAP or other land cover data source, though not classified as "salt marsh" according to NWI data source. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 7000 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unconsolidated shore land cover type with "high" dune height OR no dune height data present. Thresholds for dune height are defined in Process Step 6. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 7100 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unconsolidated shore land cover type with "low" dune height OR presence of long-term shoreline change. Thresholds for dune height and shoreline change metrics are defined in Process Step 6. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 7200 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unconsolidated shore land cover type with "low" dune height AND presence of long-term shoreline change. Thresholds for dune height and shoreline change metrics are defined in Process Step 6. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 8000 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Tidal Flats land cover type with "high" dune height OR no dune height data present. Thresholds for dune height are defined in Process Step 6. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 8100 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Tidal Flats land cover type with "low" dune height OR presence of long-term shoreline change. Thresholds for dune height and shoreline change metrics are defined in Process Step 6. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: Count Attribute_Definition: Number of cells containing this specific value. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 47 Range_Domain_Maximum: 364060780 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Land_Cover Attribute_Definition: Land cover type as defined by the reclassified land cover data layer created in process steps 2 and 3. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Aquatic Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Includes areas with land cover types "Open Water", "Palustrine Aquatic Bed", and "Estuarine Aquatic Bed" under NOAA CCAP data. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Rocky Shore Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Includes area with attributes "LANDWARD_SHORETYPE > 1A: Exposed Rocky Shores" and "8A: Sheltered, Impermeable, Rocky Shores" and "ESI_DESCRIPTION > 2A: Exposed Wave-Cut Platforms (Bedrock/Mud/Clay)" under NOAA ESI line and polygon data. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Hardened Shore Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Includes areas with attributes "GENERALIZED_ESI_TYPE > 1:Armored" under NOAA ESI data. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Developed Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Includes areas with land cover type "Developed High Intensity", "Developed Medium Intensity", "Developed Low Intensity", "Developed Open Space", and "Cultivated Crops" under NOAA CCAP data. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Forest Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Includes areas with land cover types "Pasture/Hay", "Grassland/Herbaceous", "Deciduous Forest", "Evergreen Forest", "Mixed Forest", and "Shrub/Scrub" under NOAA CCAP data. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Marsh Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Includes areas with land cover type "Palustrine Forested Wetland", "Palustrine Shrub/Scrub Wetland", "Palustrine Emergent Wetland", "Estuarine Forested Wetland", "Estuarine Shrub/Scrub Wetland", and "Estuarine Emergent Wetland" under NOAA CCAP data. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Unconsolidated Shore Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Includes areas with land cover types "Unconsolidated Shore" and "Barren Land" under NOAA CCAP data and other landcover sources referred to in Process Step 2. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tidal Flats Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Includes areas with attributes "7: Exposed Tidal Flats" and "9A: Sheltered Tidal Flats" under NOAA ESI line and polygon data. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: Dune_SCR Attribute_Definition: Low dune elevation and long-term shoreline change rates. The result of process Step 6. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: N/A Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Indicates that low dune elevation or shoreline change rates are not applicable to the land cover type described in Land_Cover. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: HighDunes/NoData Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Indicates that either dune elevation is above the 3 meter3-meter threshold value in order to be considered "high" and/or no data exists for shoreline change rates. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: LowDunes_OR_SCR Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Indicates the presence of either dune elevation below 3 meters (low) or long-term shoreline change. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: LowDunes_AND_SCR Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Indicates the presence of both low dune elevation and long-term shoreline change. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: Elev_UVVR Attribute_Definition: Elevation and UVVR characteristics. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: N/A Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Indicates that UVVR is not applicable to the land cover type defined in Land_Cover. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: High_Low Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: “High” or “Low” in the first position of this attribute indicates whether the elevation for a raster cell is above or below that of the mean for its respective hydrologic unit (HUC 12). “Low”, “Mod”, or “High” in the second position indicates the UVVR value for each cell. Definitions for specific UVVR thresholds (Low, Mod, and High) are described in detail in process Step 7. For example, "High_low" indicates an elevation above the mean elevation for the respective HUC 12 unit, and a low UVVR value. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: High_Mod Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: See definition for "High_Low" Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Low_Low Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: See definition for "High_Low" Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Low_Mod Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: See definition for "High_Low" Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: High_High Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: See definition for "High_Low" Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Low_High Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: See definition for "High_Low" Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: DataInsufficient Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Salt marsh are where UVVR data does not exist OR area not classified as salt marsh by NWI but classified as wetland or marsh area in other land cover data sources. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: Elev_Slope Attribute_Definition: Elevation and Slope characteristics for developed and forested land cover type. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: N/A Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Indicates that the elevation and slope metric is not applicable to the land cover type defined in Land_Cover. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: High_High Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The term in the first position describes elevation and the second describes slope. Thresholds for both are defined in process Step 8. For example, “Low_High” indicates a raster cell with low elevation and high slope. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: High_Low Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: See definition for High_High. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Low_High Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: See definition for High_High. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Low_Low Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: See definition for High_High. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: Fab_RTC Attribute_Definition: A measure of the resistance of the landscapes to change (RTC) in response to coastal hazards, where low values are very resistant and high values have low resistance. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No estimate of changeability Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Consolidated landscapes; nearly incapable of measurable change due to decadal-scale coastal processes Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Consolidated structures built to resist coastal processes, nearly incapable of change. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Consolidated and Unconsolidated human-modified environments that are unlikely to change, but not built to resist coastal processes. Typically, afforded some protection due to setback and elevation Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 4 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unconsolidated forested environments that are capable of change; typically afforded some protection due to setback, elevation, and vegetation. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 5 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unconsolidated wetland environments that are capable of change, afforded some protection to no protection from coastal hazards/processes. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 6 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unconsolidated bluff and beach environments that are capable of change, afforded some to no protection from coastal processes. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 7 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unconsolidated environments that are capable of change, afforded some to no protection from hazards and frequently submerged or flooded. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 8 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: An environment (listed above) that has associated measured change data that increases the estimated change likelihood value. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 9 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: An environment (listed above) that has associated measured change data that increases the estimated change likelihood value. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: This section describes the attribute information associated with the raster dataset. Please review the individual attribute descriptions for detailed information. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: This dataset contains the raster data layer (.tif) and associated files (.sld, .ovr, .cpg, and .dbf) needed to view and edit the information it contains, as well as the FGDC CSDGM metadata in XML format. The .sld is a Service Layer Definition file used by ScienceBase to display the data, the .ovr file contains the pyramids used by a GIS to display the data at different scales the .cpg file is for charactersets, and the .dbf is a dBASE table file used to store data attributes. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: GeoTIFF Format_Version_Number: ESRI ArcGIS Pro v2.6.3 Transfer_Size: 453 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P96A2Q5X Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/61781f88d34e4c6b7fe2a444 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/61781f88d34e4c6b7fe2a444 Access_Instructions: The first link is to the USGS publication page, the second link downloads all the data on the landing page, and the third link is to the dataset landing page. Fees: None Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20230228 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Elizabeth A Pendleton Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 457 2259 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ependleton@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata, FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998