Olivia A. De Meo Robert D. Bales Steven E. Suttles Neil K. Ganju Eric D. Marsjanik 20240116 1.0 binary and text data release DOI:10.5066/P9CS5U6N Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CS5U6N https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/649210f9d34ef77fcb004e56 Olivia A. De Meo Robert D. Bales Steve E. Suttles Eric D. Marsjanik Neil K. Ganju 2024 1.0 digital data data release DOI:10.5066/P9CS5U6N Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Suggested citation: De Meo, O.A., Bales, R.D., Suttles, S.E., Marsjanik, E.D., and Ganju, N.K., 2024, Supplementary data in support of oceanographic and water quality times-series measurements made at Thompsons Beach and Stone Harbor, NJ from September 2018 to February 2023: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CS5U6N. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CS5U6N https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/648cc60fd34ef77fcaff4462 In 2012, Hurricane Sandy struck the Northeastern US causing devastation among coastal ecosystems. Post-hurricane marsh restoration efforts have included sediment deposition, planting of vegetation, and restoring tidal hydrology. The work presented here is part of a larger project funded by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) to monitor the post-restoration ecological resilience of coastal ecosystems in the wake of Hurricane Sandy. The U.S. Geological Survey Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center made in-situ observations during 2018-2019 and 2022-2023 at two sites: Thompsons Beach, NJ and Stone Harbor, NJ. Marsh creek hydrodynamics and water quality including currents, waves, water levels, water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, organic matter, chlorophyll-a, and suspended-sediment concentration and organic content were measured at both sites. Additionally, marsh accretion and erosion were evaluated and used to interpret sediment budgets. These ecological data will be coupled with topographic lidar and imagery to explain the processes responsible for coastline evolution, and to evaluate restoration techniques and assess whether storm vulnerability has decreased relative to unaltered environments. Discharge was measured over 7 hours of a semidiurnal tidal cycle at Thompsons Beach, NJ in 2018 and 2022 with a Teledyne RDI Rio Grande 1200-kilohertz acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). Measurements were made during maximum flood and ebb tidal currents, which occur on either side of high tide, to capture maximum positive and negative discharge. Downward-looking ADCP transect data will be used to create an index-velocity model between flow velocity at a single location in the channel and the average channel velocity. The model will be used to estimate a time series of total channel discharge from long-term deployments of velocity sensors. More information about the field activities during which these data were collected is available at https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2018-048-FA, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2018-56-FA, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2018-059-FA, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2019-006-FA, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2019-016-FA, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2019-023-FA, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2019-028-FA, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2019-036-FA, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2022-013-FA, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2023-015-FA, and https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2023-016-FA. Note that this is an all-inclusive list for the greater work citation. 20181009 20181010 20220927 Ground condition. Complete None planned -74.98609 -74.98205 39.19770 39.19328 ISO 19115 Topic Category inlandWaters oceans USGS Thesaurus acoustic doppler current profiling stream discharge streamflow None Hurricane Sandy National Fish and Wildlife Foundation marsh resilience U.S. Geological Survey CMHRP Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center ADCP USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:649210f9d34ef77fcb004e56 None Stone Harbor Thompsons Beach Common geographic areas New Jersey Atlantic None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. Olivia A. De Meo U.S. Geological Survey Technical Information Specialist mailing address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 US 508-548-8700 x2356 508-457-2310 odemeo@usgs.gov https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/649210f9d34ef77fcb004e56?name=ADCP_browse.jpg ADCP transect using a motorized boat. JPEG WinRiver II version 2.18 and QRev version 4.34 Robert D. Bales Steven E. Suttles Olivia A. De Meo Neil K. Ganju Eric D. Marsjanik 2024 netCDF data release DOI:10.5066/P9Z0Z8DM Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Z0Z8DM David S. Mueller 2016 Open-File Report 2016-1068 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161068 Catherine A. Ruhl Michael R. Simpson 2005 Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5004 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055004 Teledyne RD Instruments, Inc. 2020 San Diego, CA Teledyne RD Instruments, Inc. P/N 957-6231-00 The Teledyne RDI Workhorse Rio Grande 1200 kHz ADCP has a temperature range of -5 to 45 degrees Celsius with accuracy +/- 0.4 degrees Celsius, a tilt range of +/-5 degrees with accuracy of +/-0.5 degrees, a compass with accuracy of +/-2 degrees, velocity range of +/-5 m/s with an accuracy of +/-0.25% of the velocity, and 4 beams with ping rate of 2 Hz. The QRev software calculates discharge from depth, boat velocity, and water velocity. The ADCP cannot measure near the water's surface due to the immersion of the ADCP in the water. The ADCP also cannot measure all the way to the streambed because of sidelobe interference. The discharge in the missing data regions at the top and bottom of the water column and the edges of the channel must be estimated. The discharge estimates for these unmeasured portions are based on extrapolation methods. The QRev software automatically selects the best extrapolation method. The computed discharge is a summation of the measured portion of the transect, and the extrapolated estimates for the top, bottom, and edges. While a generally accepted method for estimating discharge uncertainty does not exist, the QRev software provides some simple estimates of the likely error sources. Data were processed with QRev 4.34, which uses a color-coded error message scheme in its graphical user interface to indicate potential areas of concern. Error messages such as temperature range greater than 2 degrees, excessive boat movement at edges, zero edge discharge, and sign of total discharge not consistent are to be expected since measurements were made in a tidal channel over 7 hours of a semidiurnal tidal cycle. QRev flagged some higher than normal invalid ensembles and bottom track (BT) error velocities, but total discharge values are deemed valid. The dataset is considered complete for the information presented. Each good transect is designated in QRev with a checkmark. Bad transects can be unchecked to remove them from display in QRev. Eight transects were removed (unchecked) during processing because they contained data for more than a full transect or had other operational errors. Explicit latitude and longitude values are not provided in the transect dataset. Horizontal position is determined via bottom track velocity using at least three beams to compute u, v, and w velocities in orthogonal coordinates (x, y, and z). The data are corrected for pitch and roll, and rotated according to the magnetic compass resulting in Earth coordinates (east, north, up). An error velocity is calculated from the fourth beam as the difference in vertical velocity and is used to screen for invalid data. Sources of error include sudden acceleration/deceleration or turns of the moving boat. A compass calibration, water temperature validation, and stationary moving bed test were performed to minimize error. Additionally, salinity was entered to more accurately estimate the speed of sound in water. Bottom tracking has a typical single-ping accuracy of a few mm/s. In 2018, the latitude and longitude of the transect edges were measured with an SP80 RTK system with a theoretical horizontal accuracy of 2 cm on any single point. However, repeat occupations of the same spot suggest slightly higher uncertainties up to 5-10 cm including user error. In 2022, the latitude and longitude of the transect edges were measured with a Garmin GPSMAP 78sc handheld GPS. The expected absolute, horizontal accuracy is stated to be 3 to 5 m at the 95% confidence level using the WAAS setting. The Garmin GPS collects data in the WGS84 datum; however, it is reported in the NAD83 datum as the difference in the values of the latitude and longitude is within the error of the sensor. The Teledyne RDI Workhorse Rio Grande 1200 kHz ADCP was set to Water Mode 11 and Bottom Mode 5. Depth was computed from the transducer depth as a 4-beam average using the inverse depth-weighted method. The transducer distance to surface was entered in the software. Spikes in the data were filtered out using a robust LOESS smooth filter. Depth calculations were not corrected for pitch and roll. A preliminary assessment by Teledyne indicated an approximately 0.4% change in average depth for a mean pitch and roll of 5 degrees. Explicit depth values are not provided in the dataset, but depths are viewable in the transect figures displayed in QRev. Discharge data were collected using a Teledyne RDI Workhorse Rio Grande 1200 kHz acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) in a tidal channel at Thompsons Beach, NJ. Data were collected on October 9 and 10, 2018 and September 27, 2022. Stakes were driven into the East and West banks of the channel to mark the transect edges. In 2018, the ADCP was mounted in a trimaran boat that was pulled across the creek by hand using a line that was strung across the creek. In 2022, the ADCP was mounted on a remote-controlled boat and the boat was driven repeatedly across the channel between the stakes, collecting data during each transect crossing over 7 hours of a semidiurnal tidal cycle. In 2018, the stakes were located at 39.19564 N, 74.98369 W on the East bank, and 39.19538 N, 74.98442 W on the West bank. In 2022, the stakes were located at 39.19549 N, 74.98366 W on the East bank, and 39.19536 N, 74.98434 W on the West bank. The coordinates are in the North American Datum of 1983 (National Spatial Reference System 2011). Measurements were made during maximum flood and ebb tidal currents, which occur on either side of high tide, to capture maximum positive and negative discharge. ADCP data were recorded and initially reviewed using WinRiver II version 2.18. WinRiver II is available at https://hydroacoustics.usgs.gov/movingboat/WinRiverII.shtml. The raw data were recorded in .mmt and .pd0 files, which are the native file formats of WinRiver II. 202209 Steve Suttles U.S. Geological Survey Mechanical Engineer mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 (508) 548-8700 x2228 ssuttles@usgs.gov Data were post-processed using QRev 4.34, a program developed by the USGS Office of Surface Water to compute moving-boat ADCP discharge. QRev automates data-quality checks, data filtering, extrapolation methods, and invalid-data-handling steps, and provides estimates of uncertainty to help guide the user. QRev is available at https://hydroacoustics.usgs.gov/movingboat/QRev.shtml. Processing in QRev adhered to the defaults with additional steps as outlined below. An independent temperature reading collected with a YSI EXO2 multiparameter sonde was entered to provide a check for the ADCP measured temperature in accordance with USGS policies. Salinity was applied based on field measurements of water-column salinity using a YSI EXO2 multiparameter sonde. Using a field-measured salinity improves the estimate of speed of sound in water, which is used in computing discharge. The magnetic variation was calculated using NOAA's Magnetic Field Calculator (https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomag/calculators/magcalc.shtml) and entered for each file. For data collected October 9, 2018, a bad transect (#000), which included data from two channel crossings, was removed (unchecked) from the final dataset. For data collected October 10, 2018, bad transects (#014, #021, #023, #036) were removed (unchecked) from the final dataset. These were removed because they contained data either for more than a full transect or had other operational errors. For Transects #015-035, the left and right banks were entered incorrectly in the field, so the left and right banks were switched during data processing. For data collected September 27, 2022, bad transects (#002, #010, #048) were removed (unchecked) from the final dataset because they contained data for more than a full transect or had other operational errors. The starting edge distance was changed to 0.0 for transect #017 as it was entered incorrectly in the field. Additionally, the left bank was changed to the right bank and the right bank was switched to the left bank in order to match the designated left and right banks in 2018 so the direction of the discharge would be the same in 2018 and 2022 (ebb-positive convention). The data were exported from QRev as a .mat file using bottom-track (BT) navigation reference. 202306 Olivia De Meo U.S. Geological Survey Technical Information Specialist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 (508) 548-8700 x2356 odemeo@usgs.gov Earth coordinates (East, North, Up) Horizontal position is determined via bottom track velocity using at least three beams to compute u, v, and w velocities in orthogonal coordinates (x, y, and z). The data are corrected for pitch and roll, and rotated to Earth coordinates (East, North, Up) relative to true North using the magnetic compass readings and local magnetic variation. Local surface 0.1 meters Implicit coordinate This dataset consists of discharge measurements collected using a Teledyne RDI Workhorse Rio Grande ADCP. All data were collected with Teledyne RD Instruments WinRiver II version 2.18 (Teledyne RD Instruments, 2020) and processed with QRev version 4.34 (Mueller, 2016). Due to the complexity of an ADCP data file and the various algorithms applied to compute the streamflow from ADCP data, these data are most useful in either 1) their original raw data format which can be opened and processed in either WinRiver II or QRev or 2) their processed format which can be opened and processed by QRev or opened by Matlab or any software that can read Matlab formatted files. Both WinRiver II and QRev are distributed free. The data are located in the NFWF_ADCP.zip file and divided into folders based on location and acquisition time, and further divided by software association. The top-level folders are ThompsonsBeach_10_09_2018, ThompsonsBeach_10_10_2018, and ThompsonsBeach_09_27_2022. Each of these folders contains two subfolders: QRev_Files and WinRiverII_Files. The QRev files consist of: 1. .mat files: saved data processed by QRev. These files can be opened and processed by QRev or loaded into Matlab or software that can read Matlab formatted files. The variable definitions and units are documented in Mueller (2016). 2. .xml: summaries of the data processed by QRev. The variable definitions are documented in Mueller (2016). The primary variables used in the index-velocity computation are the total discharge, located in Channel:Transect:Discharge:Total, and the channel cross-sectional area, located in Channel:Transect:Other:Area. The WinRiver II files consist of: 1. .mmt file: XML configuration file used by WinRiver II for setup, specific measurement data entry, and filenames of the raw transect data files (pd0) 2. .pd0 files: raw binary data collected by WinRiver II. USGS Field Activities 2018-048-FA, 2018-056-FA, 2018-059-FA, 2019-006-FA, 2019-016-FA, 2019-023-FA, 2019-028-FA, 2019-036-FA, 2022-013-FA, 2023-015-FA, and 2023-016-FA. U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov This dataset is in the form of a zip file, NFWF_ADCP.zip, which contains folders and files as described in the Entity and Attribute Overview. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. MAT Matlab .mat binary files which are saved data processed by QRev. These files can be opened and processed by QRev or loaded into Matlab or software that can read Matlab-formatted files. An XML summary file with variable units and an associated XSL stylesheet for viewing the XML file are distributed with these files. 132 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/649210f9d34ef77fcb004e56 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/649210f9d34ef77fcb004e56 https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CS5U6N The first link downloads all the files on the landing page. The second link is to the landing page of the data. The third link is the DOI link, which also goes to the landing page of the data. The transfer size represents the entire zip file, which contains multiple file formats. PDO Raw binary data collected by the WinRiver II software. An XML configuration file is distributed with the PDO files. 132 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/649210f9d34ef77fcb004e56 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/649210f9d34ef77fcb004e56 https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CS5U6N The first link downloads all the files on the landing page. The second link is to the landing page of the data. The third link is the DOI link, which also goes to the landing page of the data. The transfer size represents the entire zip file, which contains multiple file formats. XML Extensible Markup Language files with the extensions .mmt and .xml. The .mmt files are WinRiver II setup configuration files. The .xml files are QRev summary files that have accompanying XSL stylesheets for display purposes. 132 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/649210f9d34ef77fcb004e56 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/649210f9d34ef77fcb004e56 https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CS5U6N The first link downloads all the files on the landing page. The second link is to the landing page of the data. The third link is the DOI link, which also goes to the landing page of the data. The transfer size represents the entire zip file, which contains multiple file formats. None WinRiver II is required to view .pd0 and .mmt files. QRev can view .mmt and .mat files. Both softwares are distributed free and are available from https://hydroacoustics.usgs.gov/movingboat/WinRiverII.shtml and https://hydroacoustics.usgs.gov/movingboat/QRev.shtml, respectively. The .mat files can be viewed in QRev, Matlab, or other software capable of reading Matlab-formatted files such as Python. 20240116 Olivia A. De Meo U.S. Geological Survey Technical Information Specialist mailing address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 US 508-548-8700 x2356 508-457-2310 whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998