Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Jin-Si R. Over Publication_Date: 20220607 Title: Digital surface models of Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge DUNEX Site, North Carolina in September and October 2021 Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9DPZZG2 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DPZZG2 Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/623dcdc5d34e915b67d65bc2 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Jin-Si R. Over Originator: Christopher R. Sherwood Originator: Peter A. Traykovski Originator: Sandra M. Brosnahan Originator: Alex J. Olson Originator: Noa R. Randall Publication_Date: 2022 Title: DUNEX topographic, bathymetric, and supporting GPS data collected in Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge, North Carolina 2020-2021 Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data, tabular digital data, remote-sensing image Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9DPZZG2 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Over, J.R., Sherwood, C.R., Traykovski, P.A., Olson, A., Randall, N., and Brosnahan, S.M., 2022, DUNEX topographic, bathymetric, and supporting GPS data collected in Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge, North Carolina 2020-2021: U.S Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DPZZG2. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DPZZG2 Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/623dca6cd34e915b67d65110 Description: Abstract: The data in this part of the release are digital surface models (DSMs) that characterize the beach at the USGS DUring Nearshore Event eXperiment (DUNEX) site on Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge, NC. DUNEX is a multi-agency, academic, and non-governmental organization collaborative community experiment designed to study nearshore coastal processes during storm events. USGS participation in DUNEX will contribute new measurements and models that will increase our understanding of storm impacts to coastal environments, including hazards to humans and infrastructure and changes in landscape and natural habitats. Collected data are part of field activity 2021-029-FA and are related to field activity 2021-028-FA and 2021-032-FA. During September and October 2021, USGS and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute (WHOI) scientists conducted multiple field surveys to collect a topobathy elevation time series. Images of the beach for use in structure from motion (SfM) were taken with a camera attached to a helium filled balloon-kite (Helikite). Agisoft Metashape (v. 1.8.1) was used to create orthomosaics (combined imagery rasters) and DSMs with the collected imagery. Purpose: May be used as a high-resolution elevation dataset of Pea Island for detecting change in the geomorphology over time. Supplemental_Information: For more information about the WHCMSC Field Activity, see https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2021-029-FA. Information about the DUNEX project is available at https://usgs.gov/dunex2021. The bounding coordinates below represent the maximum extents of all the surveys, no single survey covers the entire extent. The digital surface model (DSM), a type of digital elevation model (DEM), includes returns from the vegetation canopy. Geospatial software is recommended for viewing. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20210907 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20210908 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20210911 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20210919 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20210925 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20210926 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20211003 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20211012 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20211019 Currentness_Reference: Ground condition: data represent nine days of collection between September 2021 and October 2021 Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Not planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.48135278 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.47900784 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 35.68030119 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 35.67433935 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal/Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: DUNEX Theme_Keyword: Metashape Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: remote sensing Theme_Keyword: aerial photography Theme_Keyword: digital elevation models Theme_Keyword: image collections Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme_Keyword: geomorphology Theme_Keyword: structure from motion Theme_Keyword: topography Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:623dcdc5d34e915b67d65bc2 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Common geographic areas Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: Pea Island Place_Keyword: Dare Place_Keyword: North Carolina Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Not for navigational use. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jin-Si R. Over Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2269 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jover@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/623dcdc5d34e915b67d65bc2?name=PINWR_DSM_browse.JPG&allowOpen=true Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Example elevation shaded digital surface model of Pea Island. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Native_Data_Set_Environment: Products were processed in Agisoft Metashape (v. 1.8.1), ESRI ArcPro (v. 2.7.0), and GDAL (v. 3.1.4). Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Jin-Si R. Over Originator: Andrew C. Ritchie Originator: Christine J. Kranenburg Originator: Jenna A. Brown Originator: Daniel D. Buscombe Originator: Tommy A. Noble Originator: Christopher R. Sherwood Originator: Jonathan A. Warrick Originator: Phillipe A. Wernette Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Processing coastal imagery with Agisoft Metashape Professional Edition, version 1.6—Structure from motion workflow documentation Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2021-1039 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: This publication includes the general methodology for processing imagery in Metashape to produce DEMs and ortho products. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211039 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Ground control points (GCPs) were used to constrain the products – see associated metadata for details. Products were compared against each other and with collected GPS RTK data, available in the larger citation. Logical_Consistency_Report: All data fall into expected elevation ranges except for points near tall vegetation, areas of poorer image overlap, and just offshore of the waterline, where the returns are often sparse, noisy, and erroneous. The DSM includes returns from vegetation. Completeness_Report: The elevation surface was clipped in ArcPro after being exported from Metashape to remove noise near the waterline and on the edges of the product that did not reconstruct properly. The topographic surfaces have been interpolated to fill holes. GeoTIFFs are cloud optimized. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Horizontal accuracy was estimated by comparing SfM-derived GCP positions to RTK GPS measurements. Due to the time-intensive process of placing GCPs in the field, all available GCPs were used for registration and camera optimization in the SfM processing workflow during the creation of the final products. To evaluate the horizontal positional accuracy of each DSM after processing was completed, each GCP from the survey was disabled one-at-a-time using a python script to create a 'temporary check point'. With a single GCP temporarily disabled, camera optimization was performed with all lens parameters fixed, and all other GCPs enabled. The residual errors of the check point relative to its GPS-measured position were recorded. After all temporary check point iterations were complete, the horizontal root-mean-square error (RMSE) and mean-absolute error (MAE) were calculated. The resulting errors are combined with the estimated horizontal GPS uncertainty (0.010 meters) in quadrature to provide a total horizontal error estimate for each DSM (see Entity and Attribute information for individual DSM error estimates). Each survey has between 0-15 GCPs associated with the survey. The DSM without GCPs is still usable data because of the 4D alignment with the other survey dates; the matched key and tie points provide a way for the DSM to be georeferenced indirectly, and on inspection the DSM aligns. It should be noted that this error estimate is for areas of bare ground or low vegetation where GCPs were placed. Additional sources of error such as poor image-to-image point matching due to vegetation or uniform substrate texture (such as sand) or objects in motion resulting in poor surface reconstruction may cause localized errors in some portions of the product to exceed the estimates. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The vertical accuracy was estimated by comparing SfM-derived GCP positions to RTK GPS measurements. Due to the time-intensive process of placing GCPs in the field, all available GCPs were used for registration and camera optimization in the SfM processing workflow during the creation of the final products. To evaluate the vertical positional accuracy of each DSM after processing was completed, each GCP from the survey was disabled one-at-a-time using a python script to create a 'temporary check point'. With a single GCP temporarily disabled, camera optimization was performed with all lens parameters fixed, and all other GCPs enabled. The residual errors of the check point relative to its GPS-measured position were recorded. After all temporary check point iterations were complete, the vertical root-mean-square error (RMSE) and mean-absolute error (MAE) were calculated. The resulting errors are combined with the estimated vertical GPS uncertainty (0.010 meters) in quadrature to provide a total horizontal error estimate for each DSM (see Entity and Attribute information for individual DSM error estimates). A second method was used to attempt to quantify the vertical errors in areas away from the GCPs. During field data collection, when vertical checkpoints on unvegetated areas were collected with an RTK GPS on the same day as a Helikite survey (available in the larger work citation), the measurements were compared to the DSM elevations at each point to derive additional accuracy estimates for the DSM and for consequent surveys. If available, the RMSE and MAE of the vertical checkpoint GPS measurements relative to the DSM elevations are recorded in the Entity and Attribute Information Section. Where vertical checkpoints are not available the reported GCP based total error does not represent the absolute vertical georeferencing accuracy of the product. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Digital Surface Model was created in Agisoft Metashape v. 1.8.1 using the following general steps (see Over and others, 2021 for a more detailed explanation of methodology): 1. Imagery (located in larger work citation) and Ground Control Points (GCPs) (located in larger work citation) were brought in using the NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 18N NAVD88 datums. 2. GCPs were manually inspected on the images and blurry images were removed. GCPs that were moved during surveys, in less than three images, or were consistently in blurry images were made into checkpoints. 3. Accuracies for the GCPs were set to 0.01 or 0.10 m depending on the quality of the images they were in. Photos from each survey were aligned in 4D at high accuracy (the pixels are not subsampled for increased processing speed) with a keypoint limit of 40,000 and unlimited tie points. 4. Alignment uses the positions and matching pixels between images to create point clouds and put the imagery into a relative spatial context. Metashape software refined and optimized the camera positions and lens model in a least squares sense to minimize the reprojection error or the distance between the measured points and the software created points. Project supported gradual selection and optimization of: Ru = 11, Pa = 6, and Re = 0.3. Individual survey GCP and product accuracies are calculated separately and reported in the Entity and Attribute Information. Note: Only half of the photos from 10-19 aligned in the 4D chunk. They were aligned a second time in a duplicated separate chunk and because of this the final products are slightly offset from the rest of the rasters in this release. The photogrammetry still produced erroneous artifacts in the beach even with the better alignment: use with caution and see entity attributes for more details. 5. A dense point cloud was generated for each survey in a separate Metashape chunk using high quality (images are not subsampled) and a low frequency filtering algorithm. The dense point cloud was then edited to remove noise by filtering by point confidence before generating an interpolated digital elevation model (the software calls all models elevation models, but technically it is a surface model because it includes vegetation/canopy returns, a terrain model would be only bare earth returns). 6. DSM was exported at 5 cm in NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 18N and NAVD88 (m). 7. DSM was clipped in ArcPro using a hand drawn shapefile created to remove zones of high error. Process_Date: 202202 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jin-Si R. Over Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1258 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2269 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jover@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Final clipped DSMs were turned into Cloud Optimized GeoTIFFs (COG) using gdal_translate with the following command: for %i in (.\*.tif) do gdal_translate %i .\cog\%~ni_cog.tif -co COMPRESS=LZW -co COPY_SRC_OVERVIEWS=YES -co BIGTIFF=YES -co TILED=YES (v. 3.1.4 accessed October 20, 2020 https://gdal.org/). Where i was the name of each geoTIFF section and there is an empty folder named cog in the directory. Process_Date: 202203 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jin-Si R. Over Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-458-8700x2269 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jover@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 18 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -69.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.05 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.05 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: NAD83_National_Spatial_Reference_System_2011 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Altitude_Resolution: 0.001 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2021029FA_PINWR_DSM_5cm_UTM18N_NAVD88_09-07_cog.tif Entity_Type_Definition: A raster DSM dataset (Cloud optimized GeoTIFF format) with encoded elevation values of the DUNEX Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge site, North Carolina on September 7, 2021. Pixel resolution is 5-cm. Accuracy of GCPs set to 0.010 m. Based off of the GCP method the total horizontal accuracy estimate is 0.028 m and the vertical accuracy estimate is 0.031 m. Using the vertical checkpoint method (n=3,081) the total vertical error is 0.073 m. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Attribute: Attribute_Label: Value Attribute_Definition: Surface elevation orthometric height (m) in UTM Zone 18N, NAVD88 using Geoid 2018. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: -3.402823E38 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No data Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.130 Range_Domain_Maximum: 7.519 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2021029FA_PINWR_DSM_5cm_UTM18N_NAVD88_09-08_cog.tif Entity_Type_Definition: A raster DSM dataset (Cloud optimized GeoTIFF format) with encoded elevation values of the DUNEX Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge site, North Carolina on September 8, 2021. Pixel resolution is 5-cm. Accuracy of GCPs set to 0.010 m. Based off of the GCP method the total horizontal accuracy estimate is 0.072 m and the vertical accuracy estimate is 0.033 m. Using the vertical checkpoint method (n=454) the total vertical error is 0.043 m. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Attribute: Attribute_Label: Value Attribute_Definition: Surface elevation orthometric height (m) in UTM Zone 18N, NAVD88 using Geoid 2018. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: -3.402823E38 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No data Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.165 Range_Domain_Maximum: 8.752 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2021029FA_PINWR_DSM_5cm_UTM18N_NAVD88_09-11_cog.tif Entity_Type_Definition: A raster DSM dataset (Cloud optimized GeoTIFF format) with encoded elevation values of the DUNEX Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge site, North Carolina on September 11, 2021. Pixel resolution is 5-cm. Accuracy of GCPs set to 0.010 m. Based off of the GCP method the total horizontal accuracy estimate is 0.040 m and the vertical accuracy estimate is 0.020 m. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Attribute: Attribute_Label: Value Attribute_Definition: Surface elevation orthometric height (m) in UTM Zone 18N, NAVD88 using Geoid 2018. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: -3.402823E38 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No data Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.119 Range_Domain_Maximum: 9.053 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2021029FA_PINWR_DSM_5cm_UTM18N_NAVD88_09-19_cog.tif Entity_Type_Definition: A raster DSM dataset (Cloud optimized GeoTIFF format) with encoded elevation values of the DUNEX Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge site, North Carolina on September 19, 2021. Pixel resolution is 5-cm. Accuracy of GCPs set to 0.010 m. Based off of the GCP method the total horizontal accuracy estimate is 0.021 m and the vertical accuracy estimate is 0.013 m. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Attribute: Attribute_Label: Value Attribute_Definition: Surface elevation orthometric height (m) in UTM Zone 18N, NAVD88 using Geoid 2018. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: -3.402823E38 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No data Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.557 Range_Domain_Maximum: 13.824 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2021029FA_PINWR_DSM_5cm_UTM18N_NAVD88_09-25_cog.tif Entity_Type_Definition: A raster DSM dataset (Cloud optimized GeoTIFF format) with encoded elevation values of the DUNEX Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge site, North Carolina on September 25, 2021. Pixel resolution is 5-cm. There were no GCPs in this survey, suggest using conservative 0.050 m horizontal and vertical accuracy estimates. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Attribute: Attribute_Label: Value Attribute_Definition: Surface elevation orthometric height (m) in UTM Zone 18N, NAVD88 using Geoid 2018. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: -3.402823E38 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No data Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.232 Range_Domain_Maximum: 9.159 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2021029FA_PINWR_DSM_5cm_UTM18N_NAVD88_09-26_cog.tif Entity_Type_Definition: A raster DSM dataset (Cloud optimized GeoTIFF format) with encoded elevation values of the DUNEX Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge site, North Carolina on September 26, 2021. Pixel resolution is 5-cm. Accuracy of GCPs set to 0.010 m. Based off of the GCP method the total horizontal accuracy estimate is 0.084 m and the vertical accuracy estimate is 0.053 m. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Attribute: Attribute_Label: Value Attribute_Definition: Surface elevation orthometric height (m) in UTM Zone 18N, NAVD88 using Geoid 2018. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: -3.402823E38 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No data Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.018 Range_Domain_Maximum: 9.421 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2021029FA_PINWR_DSM_5cm_UTM18N_NAVD88_10-03_cog.tif Entity_Type_Definition: A raster DSM dataset (Cloud optimized GeoTIFF format) with encoded elevation values of the DUNEX Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge site, North Carolina on October 3, 2021. Pixel resolution is 5-cm. Accuracy of GCPs set to 0.010 m. Based off of the GCP method the total horizontal accuracy estimate is 0.160 m and the vertical accuracy estimate is 0.720 m. Using the vertical checkpoint method (n=27) the total vertical error is 0.036 m. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Attribute: Attribute_Label: Value Attribute_Definition: Surface elevation orthometric height (m) in UTM Zone 18N, NAVD88 using Geoid 2018. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: -3.402823E38 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No data Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.249 Range_Domain_Maximum: 7.225 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2021029FA_PINWR_DSM_5cm_UTM18N_NAVD88_10-12_cog.tif Entity_Type_Definition: A raster DSM dataset (Cloud optimized GeoTIFF format) with encoded elevation values of the DUNEX Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge site, North Carolina on October 12, 2021. Pixel resolution is 5-cm. Accuracy of GCPs set to 0.100 m due to consistently blurry images and suspect vertical values. All GCPs were used as check points in the 4D align, total check point error estimate was 0.550 m (xyz: 0.032, 0.014, 0.559). Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Attribute: Attribute_Label: Value Attribute_Definition: Surface elevation orthometric height (m) in UTM Zone 18N, NAVD88 using Geoid 2018. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: -3.402823E38 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No data Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.069 Range_Domain_Maximum: 8.521 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2021029FA_PINWR_DSM_5cm_UTM18N_NAVD88_10-19_cog.tif Entity_Type_Definition: A raster DSM dataset (Cloud optimized GeoTIFF format) with encoded elevation values of the DUNEX Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge site, North Carolina on October 19, 2021. Pixel resolution is 5-cm. Accuracy of GCPs set to 0.010 m; B22 and B33 were removed due to suspect values. Imagery not processed in 4D due to poor alignment and high GCP errors that suggest a larger problem with the specific imagery and GCP dataset. Based off of the GCP method the total horizontal accuracy estimate is 0.789 m and the vertical accuracy estimate is 5.326 m. However, on inspection with other raster products the horizontal and vertical estimate of the DSM is likely exaggerated. The vertical offset to other DSMs from this release upon further inspection is within 0.20 m on the upper beach and dune system. Use with caution. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Attribute: Attribute_Label: Value Attribute_Definition: Surface elevation orthometric height (m) in UTM Zone 18N, NAVD88 using Geoid 2018. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: -3.402823E38 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No data Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.713 Range_Domain_Maximum: 9.182 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Pixels represent elevation in meters relative to NAVD88. There are 9 DSM 32-bit floating point cloud optimized GeoTIFFs. The filename for each DSM is formatted as "2021029FA_PINWR_DSM_5cm_UTM18N_NAVD88_date_cog.tif", where location is Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge (PINWR), DSM is Digital Surface Model, 5cm indicates the resolution of the grid, UTM18N_NAVD88 denotes the horizontal and vertical reference systems, date is the date the images were collected (in MMDD format), and cog is cloud optimized GeoTIFF. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: USGS Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888- 275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: This data release includes nine 5-cm resolution LZW compressed cloud optimized GeoTIFFs. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: GeoTIFF Format_Information_Content: Cloud optimized 32-bit floating point 5-cm GeoTIFFs stored with LZW compression. File_Decompression_Technique: none Transfer_Size: 670 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/623dcdc5d34e915b67d65bc2 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/623dcdc5d34e915b67d65bc2 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DPZZG2 Access_Instructions: The first link is to download all the DSMs into one zip file, the second to the page with all the DSMs where they can be downloaded individually, and the third is the doi link to the landing page for the data release. All individual GeoTIFFs are between 40 and 125 MB. Fees: none Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20220607 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jin-Si R. Over Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-458-8700 x2269 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time