U.S. Geological Survey 2018 data release DOI:10.5066/P9E9EFNE Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program https://doi.org/10.5066/P9E9EFNE https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5bfd6022e4b0815414ca39cf Elizabeth A. Pendleton Wayne E. Baldwin David S. Foster Seth D. Ackerman Brian D. Andrews Laura L. Brothers William C. Schwab 2018 data release DOI:10.5066/P9E9EFNE Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Suggested citation: Pendleton, E.A., Baldwin, W.E., Foster, D.F., Ackerman, S.D., Andrews, B.D, Brothers, L.L., and Schwab, W.C., 2018, Geospatial data layers of shallow geology, sea-floor texture, and physiographic zones from the inner continental shelf of Martha's Vineyard from Aquinnah to Wasque Point, and Nantucket from Eel Point to Great Point: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9E9EFNE. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9E9EFNE https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5afee3bfe4b0da30c1bfbd28 Geologic, sediment texture, and physiographic zone maps characterize the sea floor south and west of Martha's Vineyard and north of Nantucket, Massachusetts. These maps were derived from interpretations of seismic-reflection profiles, high-resolution bathymetry, acoustic-backscatter intensity, bottom photographs, and surficial sediment samples. The interpretation of the seismic stratigraphy and mapping of glacial and Holocene marine units provided a foundation on which the surficial maps were created. This mapping is a result of a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management to characterize the surface and subsurface geologic framework offshore of Massachusetts. This backscatter intensity mosaic was created as a single image of the acoustic reflectivity of the sea floor south and west of Martha's Vineyard and north of Nantucket, Massachusetts. Generally, higher backscatter values (light tones) represent rock, boulders, cobbles, gravel, and coarse sand. Lower values (dark tones) usually represent fine sand and muddy sediment. In this final form and at the input resolutions, these data helped define the sediment texture and distribution maps presented as interpretive data layers in USGS OFR 2018-1181. This data release is also a companion publication to USGS OFR 2018-1181 with the following citation: Pendleton, E.A., Baldwin, W.E., Ackerman, S.D, Foster, D.S., Andrews, B.D., Schwab, W.C., and Brothers, L.L. 2018, Sea-floor texture and physiographic zones of the inner continental shelf from Aquinnah to Wasque Point, Martha’s Vineyard, and Eel Point to Great Point, Nantucket Island, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1181, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181181. The data in the source contributions used for this compilation are from field activities 2007-011-FA (https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2007-011-FA), 2011-004-FA (https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2011-004-FA), and 2013-003-FA (https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2013-003-FA). 20070809 20130611 ground condition of the field activities listed as source contributions Complete None planned -70.8793 -70.0313 41.4282 41.1946 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:5bfd6022e4b0815414ca39cf None U.S. Geological Survey USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program CMGP Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center WHCMSC Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management CZM backscatter interferometric backscatter sidescan sonar sidescan GeoTIFF mosaic composite image grey scale U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1288 U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1006 U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1168 Klein 3000 SWATHplus-M USGS Thesaurus sea-floor acoustic reflectivity remote sensing sea-floor characteristics image collections sidescan sonar interferometric sonar marine geophysics ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans geoscientificInformation imageryBaseMapsEarthCover None Vineyard Sound Nantucket Sound Atlantic Ocean Martha's Vineyard Nantucket Cape Cod Aquinnah Chilmark Squibnocket Point Squibnocket Beach Gay Head South Beach Katama Beach Wasque point Chappaquiddick Island Long Point Wildlife Refuge Tisbury Nomans Land Lucy Vincent Beach Tisbury Great Pond Beach Muskeget Island Tuckernuck Island Eel Point Dionis Beach Children's Beach Coatue Great Point Nantucket Harbor Wasque Shoal Muskeget Channel Tuckernuck Bank Tuckernuck Shoal Shovelful Shoal Massachusetts None Sea floor None Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. Elizabeth A. Pendleton U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543 USA 508-548-8700 x2259 508-457-2310 ependleton@usgs.gov https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5bfd6022e4b0815414ca39cf/?name=MV_ACK_backscatter_5m_browse.png Composite backscatter mosaic image. The browse graphic is derived from the companion OFR (Pendleton and others, 2018). PNG U.S. Geological Survey 2013 Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Geologic mapping of the Massachusetts seafloor is a cooperative effort that was initiated in 2003 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management (CZM). The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA-NOS) is also an important partner and contributes hydrographic data that are integrated into the maps. The overall goal of this cooperative is to determine the geologic framework of the sea floor inside the 3-mile limit of State waters, using high-resolution geophysical techniques, sediment sampling, and sea-floor photography. These topographic and bathymetric source data related to the composite backscatter image are cited in detail in the source citation section of this metadata file. http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/coastal_mass/ Wayne E. Baldwin David S. Foster Elizabeth A. Pendleton Walter A. Barnhardt William C. Schwab Brian D. Andrews Seth Ackerman 2016 Open-File Report 2016-1119 Reston, VA US Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161119 David S. Foster Wayne E. Baldwin Walter A. Barnhardt William C. Schwab Seth D. Ackerman Brian D. Andrews Elizabeth A. Pendleton 2015 Open-File Report 2014-1220 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141220 Elizabeth E. Pendleton Walter A. Barnhardt Wayne E. Baldwin David S. Foster William C. Schwab Brian D. Andrews Seth D Ackerman 2015 Open-File Report 2015-1153 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151153 Elizabeth A. Pendleton Wayne E. Baldwin Walter A. Barnhardt Seth D. Ackerman David S. Foster Brian D. Andrews William C. Schwab 2013 Open-File Report 2012-1157 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1157/ This backscatter mosaic was created from several backscatter datasets that were processed and published as TIFF images (see Source Information for the individual input images). The source images were enhanced by stretching and color balancing, then the individual images were combined to create a seamless backscatter mosaic. The source data (input mosaics) can be downloaded from the websited listed in the source contributions. Two of the datasets included in this mosaic used a Klein 3000 sidescan sonar to acquire the backscatter data, while the third dataset was collected using an interferometric system. This mosaic includes sidescan sonar and interferometric backscatter data collected during several cruises. The input mosaics can be viewed by visiting the websites listed in the source information. Only portions of some of the input survey data (i.e. Andrews and others, 2014) were used to create the composite backscatter mosaic. In other words, a bounding polygon was used to clip the final mosaic extent to the study area interest. The horizontal accuracy of sidescan sonar backscatter is assumed to be 10 meters according to the USGS Open-File Reports from which the input data were obtained. The mosaicking process in PCI used to combine all the source backscatter mosaics could introduce additional horizontal errors. This composite backscatter intensity mosaic is assumed to be horizontally accurate to within 25-meters, as additional errors could have been introduced during resampling, horizontal projections, and mosaicking within PCI. Denny, J.F. Danforth, W.W. Foster, D.S. Sherwood, C.R. 2009 Open-File Report 2008-1288 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1288/ online 20070809 20070813 ground condition Denny and others, 2009 This publication provides the source sidescan sonar for the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory area. Data were acquired with an L3-Klein Associates 3000 digital, dual-frequency, sidescan-sonar system (www.l-3klein.com). The sidescan-sonar was towed aft of the M/V Megan Miller. The resolution of the sidescan sonar mosaic was 5 meters per pixel. Andrews, B.D. Ackerman, S.D. Baldwin, W.E. Foster, D.S. Schwab, W.C. 2014 2.0 Open-File Report 2012-1006 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1006/ online 20110507 20110517 ground condition Andrews and others, 2014 This report provides sidescan sonar for offshore of western Martha's Vineyard. The area of interest in this study was conducted aboard the Scarlett Isabella in 2011. Acoustic backscatter data were collected with a Klein 3000 dual-frequency sidescan-sonar (132 and 445 kHz). The area used in this study is on the western side of Martha's Vineyard. Ackerman, S.D. Brothers L.L. Foster, D.S. Andrews B.D. Baldwin W.E. Schwab W.C. 2016 Open File Report 2016-1168 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1168/ https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161168 online 20130522 20130611 ground condition Ackerman and others, 2016 This publication provides interferometric-sonar backscatter collected south of Martha's Vineyard and north of Nantucket. The data were collected aboard the M/V Scarlett Isabella in 2013 using a 234 kHz Systems Engineering and Assessment Ltd. (SEA) SWATHplus interferometric sonar. Small cross-track gaps in backscatter occur likely as a result of the ship pitching in rough seas. These gaps were not filled or interpolated. These data are 1-meter resolution Collected the input datasets: All the backscatter images came from USGS Open-File Reports: USGS OFR 2008-1288 - sonar_05m.tif USGS OFR 2012-1006 - vs_backscatter_1m.tif USGS OFR 2016-1168 - 2013-003-FA _Backscatter1m.tif Denny and others, 2009; Andrews and others, 2014; Ackerman and others, 2016 2017 Elizabeth A. Pendleton U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-5488700 x2259 508-457-2310 ependleton@usgs.gov All of the input images were loaded into PCI Geomatica 2013 OrthoEngine (version 2013 SP2 2013-6-10) and mosaicked into a composite backscatter GeoTIFF at 5-meters per pixel (which corresponds to the coarsest input image: sonar_5m.tif). The brightness levels were adjusted within PCI Geomatica OrthoEngine using the color balance tool on the final mosaic backscatter GeoTIFF image to tone-match the imagery. All input tiff mosaics 2017 Elizabeth A. Pendleton U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-5488700 x2259 508-457-2310 ependleton@usgs.gov The final backscatter mosaic GeoTIFF image was clipped in ArcGIS (10.5) using a polygon feature class to remove portions of the input data within Vineyard Sound, as this area fell outside of the study area of this report (ArcToolbox - Data Management Tools - Clip (with output extent set to polygon feature and use input features for Clipping Geometry checked)). final composite mosaic and polygon outline of final mosaic extent 2017 Elizabeth A. Pendleton U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-5488700 x2259 508-457-2310 ependleton@usgs.gov Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. 20200807 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Raster Grid Cell 4951 14118 1 Universal Transverse Mercator 19 0.9996 -69.0 0.0 500000.0 0.0 row and column 5.0 5.0 meters North_American_Datum_1983 GRS 1980 6378137.0 298.2572221010042 There are no attributes associated with this 8-bit GeoTIFF image. Image pixel values contain acoustic reflectivity values normalized to an 8-bit data range (0-255) with the data range 0-254. Although most of the small slivers and data gaps within the mosaic have a value of 0. No data is set to 255. Low-backscatter is represented by dark tones (low values) and high-backscatter is represented by bright tones (high values). U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase GS ScienceBase mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov MV_ACK_backscatter_5m.tif is an 8-bit GeoTIFF image with a world file of backscatter data collected south and west of Martha's Vineyard and north of Nantucket. The dataset includes a browse graphic (MV_ACK_backscatter_5m.png) and associated CSDGM metadata in XML format. Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government GeoTIFF ArcGIS v. 10.5.1 GeoTIFF 8-bit gray-scale GeoTIFF Backscatter mosaic (8-bit unsigned integer) in GeoTIFF image format at 5 meter resolution, with world file and the associated metadata. 7.78 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5bfd6022e4b0815414ca39cf https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5bfd6022e4b0815414ca39cf https://doi.org/10.5066/P9E9EFNE To download the data, it is recommended that you go to the page containing the data and take advantage of the large file handler. The first link is to the page containing the data. The second is a direct link to download all data available from the page as a zip file. And the final link is to the publication landing page. WCS 8-bit GeoTIFF Backscatter mosaic provided through a WCS (web coverage service). https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalogMaps/mapping/ows/5aff069be4b0da30c1bfcdcc?service=wcs&request=getcapabilities&version=1.0.0 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5aff069be4b0da30c1bfcdcc https://doi.org/10.5066/P9E9EFNE The first link in the network resources accesses the data through a coverage service, the second is to the page containing the data, and the third link is to the publication landing page. WMS 8-bit GeoTIFF backscatter mosaic provided through a WMS (web mapping service). https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalogMaps/mapping/ows/5aff069be4b0da30c1bfcdcc?service=wms&request=getcapabilities&version=1.3.0 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5aff069be4b0da30c1bfcdcc https://doi.org/10.5066/P9E9EFNE The first link in the network resources accesses the data through a mapping service, the second is to the page containing the data, and the third link is to the publication landing page. None The image is available as a LZW compressed GeoTIFF with a world file. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, or an image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a TIFF image. 20240319 Elizabeth Pendleton U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543 USA 508-548-8700 x2259 508-457-2310 whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240319) FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time None None