Still images in JPEG format of the sediment surface in the grab sampler, collected by the U.S. Geological Survey on Stellwagen Bank during three surveys aboard the R/V Auk, September 2020 to August 2021

Still images of the sediment sample surfaces were collected using a Nikon D7100 digital camera. The images are 4000 x 6000 pixels at a resolution of 300 dpi for 2021-012-FA, and 6000 x 4000, 300 dpi for 2021-016-FA and 2021-017-FA. After retrieval of the SEABOSS and placement on its wooden stand, the two doors (right and left) on the top of the Van Veen grab sampler were opened and a photo was taken of the sediment surface on one side of the sampler bucket or both sides depending on the field activity (see completeness report). See the cross-references for a description of the SEABOSS (Blackwood and Parolski, 2001; Valentine and others, 2000).
Data were collected from 2020 to 2021 with the process date representing the most recent acquisition year.

Each field activity had a station summary file. Using the station summary CSV file for each field activity, the approximate time and location of each photo was derived using the station time and location when and where the sample was acquired. The station location (latitude and longitude), date, and time for each station was extracted from the CSV file. This information was reformatted using an AWK script so that the following columns of information were available: image name (based on the station number), Julian day, GPS date (in the format YYYYMMDD), GPS time (in the format HH:MM:SS), latitude, and longitude. This information was written to a CSV file. This CSV file was then manually edited to remove records that referenced "L" or "R" images that do not exist, which included any station where a sediment image was not collected. This process was repeated for each of the three field activities. This process step and the subsequent process steps (unless otherwise noted), were performed by the same person - VeeAnn A. Cross.

A Python notebook (EXIF_headers.ipynb) was run that incorporated the information from an individual field activity image locations file (*_grabimage_locations.csv where the * represents the field activity number) along with the Artist name (Page C. Valentine), into the appropriate tags in the EXIF header of each sample image. Then the IPython Notebook (using Python version 3.8.8) was executed from a Jupyter Notebook (version 6.3.0) running under Anaconda version 3 on a Windows 10 machine. The Python script uses Exiftool (version 11.54) to write survey information to the image headers of the full-resolution images. The following tags were populated in the JPEG image headers. Information is duplicated in some tags because different software packages access different tags.
GPS tags: The values populated are unique for each station and based on the information exported from *_station_data_summary.csv.

GPSLatitudeRef
GPSLatitude
GPSLongitudeRef
GPSLongitude
GPSTimeStamp
GPSDateStamp

Two other elements that are unique for each image (and will actually have the same value) are the XMP tags for the original filename.

OriginalFileName
PreservedFileName

JPEG tag: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it, which is the same for every image of a given field activity. The example below is from field activity 2020-012-FA. The DOI number is the same for all the field activities and represents this data release.

Comment: Photo of grab sample in sampler from a Nikon D7100 digital camera aboard the R/V Auk during survey 2020-012-FA ( https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2020-012-FA ). 

EXIF tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it, which is the same for every image of a given field activity.

EXIF:ImageDescription: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2020-012-FA; Photo of grab sample in sampler from a station on Stellwagen Bank, MA from survey 2020-012-FA 
EXIF:Artist: Page C. Valentine
EXIF:Copyright: Public Domain - please credit the U.S. Geological Survey
EXIF:UserComment: Image part of USGS data release https://doi.org/10.5066/P9G7QARQ 
EXIF:GPSAreaInformation: Position post-processed from GPS on ship
EXIF:GPSMapDatum: EPSG:4326 (WGS 84)

IPTC tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it, which is the same for every image of a given field activity.

IPTC:Credit: U.S. Geological Survey
IPTC:Contact: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
IPTC:Keywords: Stellwagen Bank, Massachusetts, 2020-012-FA, SEABOSS, sea floor, USGS, ground-truth, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9G7QARQ 
IPTC:CopyrightNotice: Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey
IPTC:Caption-Abstract: Photo of grab sample in sampler from a station on Stellwagen Bank, MA from survey 2020-012-FA 

XMP tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it, which is the same for every image of a given field activity. Three tags described elsewhere (ImageUniqueID, OriginalFileName, and PreservedFileName), are unique for each image.

XMP:Caption: Photo of grab sample in sampler from a station on Stellwagen Bank, MA from survey 2020-012-FA 
XMP:AttributionURL: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9G7QARQ 
XMP:Author: Page C. Valentine
XMP:UsageTerms: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

Another script run in Python Notebooks (Image_PIDwork.ipnb) was used to mint a unique persistent identifier (image PID) for each image and placed in the header. Additionally, the persistent URL for the metadata record associated with this dataset was also inserted into the image header.

XMP tag:

XMP:ImageUniqueID: unique for each image
XMP:ExternalMetadataLink: https://www1.usgs.gov/pir/api/identifiers/USGS:633c9151d34e900e86cf1aa4

From the command-line in Cygwin, the image name was also added to the header with the following command: exiftool.exe -P "-originalfilename<Filename" *.jpg

From the command-line in Cygwin, the image name was also added to another element in the header with the following command: exiftool.exe -P "-XMP:PreservedFileName<Filename" *.jpg

Finally, another command was run from within a Python notebook in order to duplicate information to appropriate XMP headers:

exiftool -P "-XMP-photoshop:Credit<IPTC:Credit" "-XMP-iptcCore:CreatorWorkEmail<IPTC:Contact" "-XMP-dc:Rights<EXIF:Copyright" "-XMP-dc:Description<EXIF:ImageDescription" "-XMP-exif:all<GPS:all" "-XMP-exif:GPSLatitude<Composite:GPSLatitude" "-XMP-exif:GPSLongitude<Composite:GPSLongitude" "-XMP-exif:GPSDateTime<Composite:GPSDateTime" "-XMP-photoshop:DateCreated<EXIF:DateTimeOriginal" "-XMP-xmp:ModifyDate<EXIF:ModifyDate" "-XMP-dc:Creator<EXIF:Artist" "-XMP-tiff:Make<EXIF:Make" "-XMP-tiff:Model<EXIF:Model" *.jpg

To extract the information (except for OriginalFileName, PreservedFileName, and the duplicated tags) from the image headers using ExifTool, the following example command can be used (tested with ExifTool version 11.54, slight modifications of the command might be necessary depending on the operating system of the user):

exiftool.exe -csv -f -filename -GPSTimeStamp -GPSDateStamp -GPSLongitude -GPSLatitude -n -GPSAreaInformation -GPSMapDatum -ImageDescription -Artist -Credit -comment -contact -keywords -Caption -Copyright -CopyrightNotice -Caption-Abstract -UserComment -AttributionURL -UsageTerms -Author -ImageUniqueID -ExternalMetadataLink *.jpg > out.csv

The -csv option writes the information out in a comma-delimited format. The -n option formats the latitude and longitude as signed decimal degrees. Whether you use exiftool or exiftool.exe will depend on the operating system on which the command is being run.