Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: David S. Foster Publication_Date: 20230519 Title: Depth to Quaternary regional unconformities offshore of the Delmarva Peninsula, including Maryland and Virginia state waters Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GeoTIFF Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9GQY0ZN Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GQY0ZN Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/64371a38d34ee8d4addccf2a Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: David S. Foster Originator: Laura L. Brothers Originator: Wayne E. Baldwin Originator: Elizabeth A. Pendleton Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Geospatial data layers of shallow geology from the inner continental shelf of the Delmarva Peninsula, including Maryland and Virginia state waters Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GeoTIFF, Shapefile Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9GQY0ZN Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: Foster, D.S., Brothers, L.L., Baldwin, W.E., and Pendleton, E.A., 2023, Geospatial data layers of shallow geology from the inner continental shelf of the Delmarva Peninsula, including Maryland and Virginia state waters: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GQY0ZN. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GQY0ZN Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/64370f69d34ee8d4addcc9b8 Description: Abstract: Geologic structure and isopach maps were constructed by interpreting over 19,890 trackline kilometers of co-located multichannel boomer, sparker and chirp seismic reflection profiles from the continental shelf of the Delmarva Peninsula, including Maryland and Virginia state waters. In this region, Brothers and others (2020) interpret 12 seismic units and 11 regional unconformities. They interpret the infilled channels as Late Tertiary and Quaternary courses of the Susquehanna, Potomac, Rappahannock, York and James Rivers and tributaries, in addition to a broad drainage system. These regional unconformities form a composite unconformity interpreted as the Quaternary-Tertiary (Q-T) unconformity. A depth to Tertiary (Uqt) and total Quaternary sediment thickness (Q) isopach are included with this data release. Other products in this data release include thickness of an early Pleistocene unit (Qbd), thickness of a Pleistocene highstand system tract (Q2), thickness of a post last glacial maximum (LGM) fluvial/estuarine unit (Qcch), thickness of Holocene to modern marine sediment (Qmn), depth to the base of the Persimmons Point and Ocean City paleochannels (U4), depth to the base of the Exmore and Belle Haven paleochannels (U6), depth to the base of the Eastville paleochannel and tributaries (U8), depth to the base (fluvial unconformity) of the Cape Charles paleochannel and tributary paleochannels (fluvial unconformity, U10) and the base (tidal ravinement) of associated Holocene tidal and back-barrier deposits (tidal ravinement surface, U10.5). Purpose: This dataset contains six grids representing depth to regional unconformities that separate seismic stratigraphic units offshore of the Delmarva Peninsula, including Maryland and Virginia state waters (Brothers and others, 2020). Fluvial downcutting and marine transgressions during the Quaternary have shaped the Tertiary surface and geologic framework of the region. Grids include: 1) Uqt, the Quaternary-Tertiary composite unconformity; 2) U4, the subaerially and fluvially eroded lower boundary of the Persimmons Point and Ocean City Paleochannels; 3) U6, the subaerially and fluvially eroded lower boundary of the Exmore (Qx) and Belle Haven Paleochannels; 4) U8, the subaerially and fluvially eroded lower boundary of the Eastville Paleochannel and tributaries (Qe);5) U9, the transgressive ravinement surface above Qe and at the base of a Pleistocene highstand system tract (Q2); and 6) U10-U10.5, the composite of subaerially eroded (U10) and tidal ravinement (U10.5) unconformities that are the lower boundaries of the Cape Charles Paleochannel and tributaries and tidal inlet and back-barrier estuarine deposits. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19740515 Ending_Date: 20150714 Currentness_Reference: ground condition of the source data used in this interpretation. Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.970012 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.53109889 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 38.549808 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.8626 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: marine geology Theme_Keyword: Pleistocene Theme_Keyword: Quaternary Theme_Keyword: Holocene Theme_Keyword: Tertiary Theme_Keyword: geologic contacts Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme_Keyword: scientific interpretation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: Sea floor Theme_Keyword: Marine Geology Theme_Keyword: Interpretation Theme_Keyword: Seismic Interpretation Theme_Keyword: Geologic Framework Theme_Keyword: Unconformity Theme_Keyword: Holocene Theme_Keyword: 32-bit GeoTIFF Theme_Keyword: Applied Acoustics S-Boom Source Theme_Keyword: Geometrics 16-channel Geoeel Streamer Theme_Keyword: Seismic-reflection Profiles Theme_Keyword: Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Theme_Keyword: BOEM Theme_Keyword: Maryland Energy Administration Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:64371a38d34ee8d4addccf2a Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: Delmarva Peninsula Place_Keyword: Delaware Place_Keyword: Maryland Place_Keyword: Virginia Place_Keyword: Assateague Island Place_Keyword: Assateague Island National Seashore Place_Keyword: Chincoteague Island Place_Keyword: Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge Place_Keyword: Chincoteague Inlet Place_Keyword: Chincoteague Bay Place_Keyword: Wallops Island Place_Keyword: Parramore Island Place_Keyword: Cobb Island Place_Keyword: Wreck Island Place_Keyword: Ship Shoal Island Place_Keyword: Myrtle Island Place_Keyword: Smith Island Place_Keyword: Fisherman Island Place_Keyword: Hog Island Place_Keyword: Maryland Wind Energy Area Place_Keyword: Susquehanna River Place_Keyword: Potomac River Place_Keyword: Rappahannock River Place_Keyword: James River Place_Keyword: Chesapeake Bay Place_Keyword: Chincoteague Bight Place_Keyword: Persimmons Point Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Stratum_Keyword: Sea floor Stratum_Keyword: Seafloor Stratum_Keyword: Yorktown Formation Stratum_Keyword: Beaverdam Formation Stratum_Keyword: Omar Formation Stratum_Keyword: Sinepuxent Formation Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: David S. Foster Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2271 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dfoster@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/64371a38d34ee8d4addccf2a/?name=Delmarva_depth_Uqt_browse.png&allowOpen=true Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Browse image of a grid representing the depth to the Quaternary-Tertiary composite unconformity (Uqt) offshore of the Delmarva Peninsula, including Maryland and Virginia state waters. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/64371a38d34ee8d4addccf2a/?name=Delmarva_depth_U4_browse.png&allowOpen=true Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Browse image of a grid representing the depth to the Quaternary unconformity (U4) offshore of the Delmarva Peninsula, including Maryland and Virginia state waters. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/64371a38d34ee8d4addccf2a/?name=Delmarva_depth_U6_browse.png&allowOpen=true Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Browse image of a grid representing the depth to the Quaternary unconformity (U6) offshore of the Delmarva Peninsula, including Virginia state waters. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/64371a38d34ee8d4addccf2a/?name=Delmarva_depth_U8_browse.png&allowOpen=true Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Browse image of a grid representing the depth to the Quaternary unconformity (U8) offshore of the Delmarva Peninsula, including Maryland and Virginia state waters. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/64371a38d34ee8d4addccf2a/?name=Delmarva_depth_U9_browse.png&allowOpen=true Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Browse image of a grid representing the depth to the Quaternary unconformity (U9) offshore of the Delmarva Peninsula, including Maryland and Virginia state waters. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/64371a38d34ee8d4addccf2a/?name=Delmarva_depth_U10-U10_5_browse.png&allowOpen=true Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Browse image of a grid representing the depth to the Quaternary composite unconformity (U10-U10.5) offshore of the Delmarva Peninsula, including Maryland and Virginia state waters. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Data_Set_Credit: Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 10 Enterprise; Global Mapper v21.0 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Laura L. Brothers Originator: David S. Foster Originator: Elizabeth A. Pendleton Originator: Wayne E. Baldwin Publication_Date: 2020 Title: Seismic Stratigraphic Framework of the Continental Shelf Offshore Delmarva, U.S.A.: Implications for Mid-Atlantic Bight Evolution since the Pliocene Series_Information: Series_Name: Marine Geology Issue_Identification: Volume 428, October 2020 Other_Citation_Details: Use this citation to refer to the seismic stratigraphic units and unconformities represented in the structure surfaces and sediment thickness maps presented in this data release. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106287 Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: All chirp and multichannel seismic-reflection data collected within the study area during USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center field activities 2014-002-FA, 2015-001-FA, chirp and multichannel sparker data from the 2013 Maryland Wind Energy Area survey (Coastal Planning & Engineering, 2014), and select USGS single-channel Uniboom profiles from USGS field activities 1974-004-FA and 1975-003-FA were used to interpret the subsurface geologic units that are published in this data release. All seismic reflection data used in this data release were interpreted by Laura L. Brothers and David S. Foster. David S. Foster conducted the processing steps. Unless stated otherwise, all interpretations, two-way travel time conversions to depth, and horizon gridding were conducted in Kingdom Suite 2017 software. Completeness_Report: All chirp and multichannel seismic-reflection data collected within the study area during USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center field activities 2014-002-FA, 2015-001-FA, chirp and multichannel sparker data from the 2013 Maryland Wind Energy Area survey (Coastal Planning & Engineering ,2014), and legacy single-channel Uniboom data from USGS field activities 1974-004-FA and 1975-003-FA were used to interpret the subsurface geologic units. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Navigational accuracy of the USGS chirp seismic-reflection data was assumed to be 10 meters. Refer to seismic trackline metadata in Sweeney and others (2015), and Pendleton and others (2016) in the source information for specific seismic data acquisition parameters and accuracy reports. Navigational accuracy of the USGS multichannel seismic-reflection data was assumed to be 2 meters; however, inaccuracies likely exceed this value due to uncertainty of source and receiver positions and azimuths calculated in the layback correction. Refer to seismic trackline metadata in Sweeney and others (2015), and Pendleton and others (2016) in the source information for specific seismic data acquisition parameters and accuracy reports. Navigational accuracy for seismic data acquired by Coastal Planning & Engineering (2014) used a DGPS system using STARFIX II network opertated by Fugro Inc. resulted in sub-mater accuracy of the navigation reference point (NRP) located on the ship. Horizontal offsets to geophysical systems were measured referenced to the NRP. The chirp tow vehicle had layback corrections applied from an ultra-short baseline (USBL) system or by a static layback when the USBL failed. Coastal Planning & Engineering (2014) state that positioning for the multichannel seismic data used DGPS and measured offsets and computed layback that were merged with the processed SEG-Y data. The scanned TIFF images of Uniboom seismic-reflection profiles from USGS field activities 1974-004-FA and 1975-003-FA had a resolution of 300 dpi. The TIFF images were downsampled, before converting to SEG-Y format, to reflect a shot rate of 0.5 seconds. This resulted in one-pixel width in the X dimension per SEG-Y trace. Navigation was with Loran-C, which has an accuracy of 0.1 to 0.25 nautical miles (185.2 to 463 m). Navigation fix points were at 10-minute intervals for 1974-004-FA and 5 minute intervals for 1975-003-FA, or at a ship speed of 5 knots, 772 meter and 1543 meter intervals. The datum of WGS 1972 for geographic coordinate pairs were transformed to WGS 84. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Due to their frequency content, the nominal vertical resolution (precision) of the chirp and boomer/sparker seismic-reflection systems is 0.5 and 1 meter, respectively. Accuracy uncertainty was introduced by converting depths measured in two-way travel time to meters using a constant speed of sound that were used in the Kingdom Suite dynamic depth conversion model as described in the process steps. The vertical accuracy also depends on the accuracy of the composite bathymetric grid used to calculate the offsets that were applied to reference the structure map grids to the Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW) tidal datum. USGS bathymetric grids assumed a 50-cm or better overall accuracy. Refer to bathymetric metadata in Sweeney and others (2004), and Pendleton and others (2016) in the source information metadata for specific vertical accuracy reports. Coastal Planning & Engineering (2014) used a GPS system with a specified vertical accuracy of 5-10 cm. The scanned TIFF images of Uniboom seismic-reflection profiles from USGS field activities 1974-004-FA and 1975-003-FA had a resolution of 300 dpi. The TIFF images were downsampled, before converting to SEG-Y format, to reflect a vertical sample rate of 0.125 ms or 1600 samples per 200 ms trace length. Vertical datum corrections were not applied to the trace data. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Maryland Energy Administration Publication_Date: 2014 Title: Maryland Energy Administration High Resolution Geophysical Resource Survey Final Report of Investigations: Maryland Energy Administration Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: SEG-Y and ASCII text Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Boca Raton, Florida Publisher: Coastal Planning & Engineering, Inc., a CB&I Company Other_Citation_Details: The SEG-Y and bathymetry data that were used to interpret geologic units with Kingdom Suite Software 2d/3dPAK (ver. 2017 - 64-bit) can be requested from the Bureau of Ocean Energy and Management (BOEM). Online_Linkage: https://energy.maryland.gov/Reports/MEAGeophysicalSurveyReport2013.pdf Type_of_Source_Media: Disk Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20130704 Ending_Date: 20130831 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Coastal Planning & Engineering, 2014 Source_Contribution: This report provided source geophysical data (seismic-reflection profiles) for the Maryland Wind Energy Area. High-resolution chirp seismic-reflection profiles using an EdgeTech Geo-Star full spectrum sub-bottom (FSSB) system and SB-0512i towfish. The multichannel seismic system consisted of a Geo-Source 200 Marine Multi-Tip Sparker source and a 24-channel Geometrics Geoeel streamer. Multibeam bathymetry were acquired using a Reson 7125 system. Processed bathymetry available as X, Y, and Z ascii files contributed to the creation of a composite bathymetry grid for the study area. Descriptions of acquisition and processing parameters for each system are provided by Coastal Planning & Engineering (2014) in the methods section of the report. Shallow geologic framework and surficial geology were interpreted from post-processed chirp and sparker seismic-reflection profiles. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Sweeney, E.M. Originator: Pendleton, E.A. Originator: Ackerman, S.D. Originator: Andrews, B.A. Originator: Baldwin, W.E. Originator: Danforth, W.W. Originator: Foster, D.S. Originator: Thieler, E.R. Originator: Brothers, L.L. Publication_Date: 2015 Title: High-resolution geophysical data collected along the Delmarva Peninsula in 2015, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2015-001-FA Edition: 3.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: SEG-Y and ASCII text Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F7P55KK3 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: The SEG-Y and bathymetry data that were used to interpret geologic units with Kingdom Suite Software 2d/3dPAK (ver. 2017 - 64-bit) can be requested from the USGS. Online_Linkage: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2015-001-FA/ Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KK3 Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20150610 Ending_Date: 20150714 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Sweeney and others, 2015 Source_Contribution: This report (version 3.0, May 2016) provided source seismic reflection profiles for the study area of the Delmarva Peninsula, including Maryland and Virginia state waters. The 2015 mapping was conducted on the Scarlett Isabella during U.S. Geological Survey field activity 2015-001-FA. Chirp seismic-reflection data were collected using an EdgeTech Geo-Star FSSB subbottom profiling system and an SB-0512i towfish. Multichannel seismic reflection data were acquired using an Applied Acoustics S-Boom source and a 16-channel Geometrics Geoeel digital streamer. For swath bathymetry, the USGS used a 234 kHz Systems Engineering and Assessment Ltd.(SEA)SWATHplus interferometric sonar (now BathySwath). Thorough descriptions of acquisition and processing parameters for each system are provided by Sweeney and others (2015) in the seismic-reflection metadata. Processed bathymetry available as 32-bit GeoTIFF files, which contributed to the creation of a composite bathymetry grid for the study area. Shallow geologic framework was interpreted from post-processed chirp and multichannel seismic-reflection profiles. The data release provides survey tracklines that are useful to see the seismic data distribution and trackline spacing. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Pendleton, E.A. Originator: Ackerman, S.D. Originator: Baldwin, W.E. Originator: Danforth, W.W. Originator: Foster, D.S. Originator: Thieler, E.R. Originator: Brothers, L.L. Publication_Date: 2016 Title: High-resolution geophysical data collected along the Delmarva Peninsula 2014, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2014-002-FA Edition: 4.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: SEG-Y and ASCII text Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F7MW2F60 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: The SEG-Y and bathymetry data that were used to interpret geologic units with Kingdom Suite Software 2d/3dPAK (ver. 2017 - 64-bit) can be requested from the USGS. Online_Linkage: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2014-002-FA/ Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7MW2F60 Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20140618 Ending_Date: 20140722 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Pendleton and others, 2016 Source_Contribution: This report (version 4.0, October 2016) provided source seismic reflection profiles for the study area of the Delmarva Peninsula, including Maryland and Virginia state waters. The 2014 mapping was conducted on the Scarlett Isabella during U.S. Geological Survey field activity 2014-002-FA. Chirp seismic-reflection data were collected using an EdgeTech Geo-Star FSSB subbottom profiling system and an SB-0512i towfish. Multichannel seismic reflection data were acquired using an Applied Acoustics S-Boom source and a 16-channel Geometrics Geoeel digital streamer. For swath bathymetry,the USGS used a 234 kHz Systems Engineering and Assessment Ltd. (SEA) SWATHplus interferometric sonar (now BathySwath). Thorough descriptions of acquisition and processing parameters for each survey are provided by Pendleton and others (2015) in the seismic-reflection metadata. Processed bathymetry available as 32-bit GeoTIFF files, which contributed to the creation of a composite bathymetry grid for the study area. Shallow geologic framework was interpreted from post-processed chirp and multichannel seismic-reflection profiles. The data release provides survey tracklines that are useful to see the seismic data distribution and trackline spacing. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Pendleton, E.A. Originator: Brothers, L.L. Originator: Thieler, E.R. Originator: Danforth, W.W. Originator: Parker, C.E. Publication_Date: 2015 Title: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration hydrographic survey data used in a U.S. Geological Survey regional geologic framework study along the Delmarva Peninsula Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2014-1262 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141262 Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1262/ Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20060601 Ending_Date: 20110930 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Pendleton and others, 2015 Source_Contribution: This report contributed data used to create a composite bathymetry grid for the study area of the Delmarva Peninsula, including Maryland and Virginia state waters. Thorough descriptions of the merging and processing parameters are provided by Pendleton and others (2015) in the methods section of the report and the metadata. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Data Librarian, U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine and Science Center Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: Scanned images of Uniboom seismic-reflection profiles collected on U.S. Geological Survey cruise 1974-004-FA on the outer continental margin, Baltimore Canyon Trough, offshore New Jersey and Delaware (TIFF format, 300 dpi) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data, Tiff Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole, MA Publisher: USGS Other_Citation_Details: Supporting documents and navigation data are available at https://cotuit.er.usgs.gov/data/1974-004-FA. Metadata are available at https://cotuit.er.usgs.gov/files/1974-004-FA/SE/Scans/Boomer/FA74004_uniboom_scans_meta.html. Online_Linkage: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=1974-004-FA Online_Linkage: https://cotuit.er.usgs.gov/data/1974-004-FA/SE/Scans/Boomer/ Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19740515 Ending_Date: 19740530 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Scanned Uniboom seismic-reflection records from field activity 1974-004-FA Source_Contribution: These data were used to extend seismic stratigraphic interpretations beyond the extents of USGS field activities 2014-002-FA and 2015-001-FA and Coastal Planning & Engineering (2014). Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Data Librarian, U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine and Science Center Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: Scanned images of Uniboom seismic-reflection profiles collected on U.S. Geological Survey cruise 1975-003-FA on the Atlantic outer continental shelf (TIFF format, 300 dpi) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data, Tiff Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole, MA Publisher: USGS Other_Citation_Details: Supporting documents and navigation data are available at https://cotuit.er.usgs.gov/data/1975-003-FA. Metadata are available at https://cotuit.er.usgs.gov/files/1975-003-FA/SE/Scans/Boomer/FA75003_uniboom_scans_meta.html Online_Linkage: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=1975-003-FA Online_Linkage: https://cotuit.er.usgs.gov/data/1975-003-FA/SE/Scans/Boomer/ Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19750430 Ending_Date: 19750516 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Scanned Uniboom seismic-reflection records from field activity 1975-003-FA Source_Contribution: These data were used to extend seismic stratigraphic interpretations beyond the extents of USGS field activities 2014-002-FA and 2015-001-FA and Coastal Planning & Engineering (2014). Process_Step: Process_Description: SEG-Y traces and associated navigation from Sweeney and others (2015), Pendleton and others (2016), and Coastal Planning & Engineering (2014) were loaded into Kingdom Suite 2017. SEG-Y data from USGS field activities 1974-004-FA and 1975-003-FA using navigation obtained from the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program data server (https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/) were also loaded to Kingdom Suite. These SEG-Y files were created from 300-dpi grayscale TIFFs that were cropped and resampled in Adobe Photoshop, so that each pixel width was equal to a trace and each pixel height was equal to a time sample. The time of day in the navigation files were used to calculate trace numbers on the basis of shot-time intervals (0.5 seconds). These TIFFs were converted to SEG-Y files by tif2segy, a script that utilizes Seismic Unix and Netpbm image tools. The script was as follows: #!/bin/csh # Converts an 8-bit greyscale TIFF file to a segy file # Assumes that there is one pixel horizontally for each trace # and 1 pixel vertically for each time sample. # Assumes the sample interval in the resulting segy file # is 4ms (i.e. 250 samples or pixels per second) # # Author: Andrew MacRae, (Andrew.MacRae at SMU.CA) # usage: # tif2segy filename.tif # output will be put in filename.segy set tiffile = $1 if ( !( -e "$tiffile" ) ) then echo "tif2segy -- convert a TIFF image file to a SEGY file" echo "By Andrew MacRae, and the authors of NetPBM and Seismic Unix" echo echo "Usage: tif2segy filename.tif" echo echo "Input file should be a TIFF file with the content of the seismic plot" echo "(i.e. no labels or annotation -- only the data) with 1 pixel per " echo "trace horizontally, and one pixel per sample vertically." echo "The number of traces and number of samples are calculated from the image size." echo "Output is placed in filename.segy." echo echo "The program assumes that the "netpbm" image tools and "Seismic Unix"" echo "are already in the command path." exit(1) else echo "tif2segy -- convert a TIFF image file to a SEGY file" echo "By Andrew MacRae, and the authors of NetPBM and Seismic Unix" echo endif if( `which tifftopnm | cut -f 1 -d ' '` == 'no' ) then echo "Could not find the NetPBM tools (e.g., tifftopnm)." echo "You need to install them, or put them into your command path." exit(1) endif if( `which suaddhead | cut -f 1 -d ' '` == 'no' ) then echo "Could not find Seismic Unix." echo "You need to install it, or put the programs into your command path." exit(1) endif # sample interval -- 4000 = 4 milliseconds set interval = 125 # get size of image: # horizontal pixels -> number of traces # vertical pixels -> number of samples set traces = `tifftopnm < $tiffile | pnmfile | cut -f 3 -d ' ' -s` set samples = `tifftopnm < $tiffile | pnmfile | cut -f 5 -d ' ' -s` echo image file $tiffile has $traces horizontal pixels which will become "traces" # convert image to byte values and invert values (tifftopnm and pnminvert) # rotate and flip to Seismic Unix standard trace-sample orientation # (pnmflip), chop off PGM image header (tail), reformat data from # 8-bit character values to floating point (recast), and then # add trace headers and insert sample interval (suaddhead and # sushw). Output to Seismic Unix data file (.su file) tifftopnm < $tiffile | pnminvert | pnmflip -r90 -tb | tail +4 | recast in=uchar out=float | suaddhead ns=$samples ftn=0 | sushw key=dt a=$interval > $tiffile:r.su # create binary and EBCDIC headers segyhdrs < $tiffile:r.su # default header is not needed rm header # write out a 40-line, 80 character/line header to be converted to EBCDIC # get the name of the file, without a .tif ending set linename = $tiffile:r echo "C " > tif2segy_header # This will output a line with the linename (derived from the filename) # and then truncate the line to 80 characters # Please modify this header to describe your data. echo "C Line from file: " $linename " Field Activity 1975-003-FA Uniboom " | cut -c1-79 >> tif2segy_header echo "C " >> tif2segy_header echo "C This SEGY file was created by David Foster " >> tif2segy_header echo "C " >> tif2segy_header echo "C " >> tif2segy_header echo "C File was converted using tif2segy, netpbm, and Seismic Unix " >> tif2segy_header echo "C Author of tif2segy script is Andrew MacRae (andrew.macrae at smu.ca) " >> tif2segy_header set i = 0 while ($i < 32 ) echo "C " >> tif2segy_header set i = ($i + 1) end # write a SEGY file using headers and Seismic Unix file. Include 'endian=0' if using a little endian machine. segywrite tape=$tiffile:r.segy bfile=binary hfile=tif2segy_header endian=0 < $tiffile:r.su # leave cleanup to the user, in case they want to review the # Seismic Unix files echo "Cleaning up temporary files: tif2segy_header, binary, and" $tiffile:r.su rm tif2segy_header rm binary #rm $tiffile:r.su exit(0) The contact person for this and all subsequent processing steps below is David S. Foster. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Sweeny and others (2015) Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Coastal Planning & Engineering (2014) Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Pendleton and others (2016) Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: USGS Field Activity 1974-004-FA Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: USGS Field Activity 1975-003-FA Process_Date: 2020 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: David S Foster Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-4548-8700 x2271 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dfoster@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: A reference bathymetric grid was created to correct horizons in Kingdom Suite to MLLW by combining sources from Coastal Planning & Engineering (2014), Pendleton and others (2015), Sweeney and others (2015) and Pendleton and others (2016). Gridded data (5-m cell size) were loaded to Global Mapper 18.0 from the source GeoTIFF files. In Global Mapper, grids were combined using Analysis-Combine/Compare Terrain Layers. Preference was given where data existed from Pendleton and others (2015) over where data existed for Coastal Planning & Engineering (2014), Sweeney and others (2015) and Pendleton and others (2016). The combined bathymetric grid was exported in Z-Map grid format with a 5-m grid cell size. Process_Date: 2018 Process_Step: Process_Description: The combined bathymetric reference grid from step two was imported to Kingdom Suite 2017, converted to two-way travel time (TWT) assuming a velocity of 1500 m/s using Extended Math Calculator, and create a horizon using Grid to Horizon. A sea floor horizon was picked manually, or where possible, by automatically using 2D Hunt for all the seismic profiles. Extended Math Calculator was used to calculate a difference between the picked sea floor and the MLLW sea floor horizon Process_Date: 2018 Process_Step: Process_Description: In Kingdom Suite 2017, regional unconformities were interpreted, picked, and merged to generate composite horizons as follows: 1) The top of Tertiary (U4 and younger unconformities) was picked. Horizons U1, U2, and U3 within the Tertiary (Brothers and others, 2020) were not mapped. 2) A base of the Persimmons Point and Ocean City paleochannels (Qpp) horizon (U4) was digitized on the multichannel and legacy single-channel seismic data. 3) A subaerial unconformity (U5) and base of Qbd (Beaverdam Formation) was digitized on multichannel and legacy single-channel seismic data. 4) A base of the Exmore and Belle Haven paleochannels (Qx) horizon (U6) was digitized on the multichannel and legacy single-channel seismic data. 5) A transgressive ravinement unconformity (U7) was digitized on chirp and multichannel data. 6) A base of the Eastville paleochannel and tributary paleochannels (Qe) horizon (U8) was digitized on the multichannel and legacy single-channel seismic data. 7) A transgressive ravinement unconformity (U9) was digitized on chirp and multichannel data. 8) A base of the Cape Charles paleochannel and tributary paleochannels (Qcch) horizon (U10) was digitized on the chirp, multichannel, and legacy single-channel seismic data. 9) A base of the Cape Charles paleotidal inlet and estuarine (Qbb) tidal ravinement horizon (U10.5) was digitized on the chirp seismic data. 10) The Holocene Ravinement surface, bottom of Qmn, was digitized. 11) A composite top of Tertiary (Uqt) horizon was created by merging horizons (Top of Tertiary, U4, U5, U6, U7, U8, U9, and U10-10.5) interpreted on chirp and multichannel seismic data, giving preference to the deepest interpreted horizon along each seismic line. This was accomplished by running Calculator-Math on Two Maps ("or" function) multiple times. The merged horizon was edited for spikes and deleted in places where the deepest interpreted horizon did not always represent Uqt. 12) A composite top of Qbd horizon was created by merging horizons (U5, U6, U7, U8, U9, and U10-U10.5) interpreted on chirp and multichannel seismic data, giving preference to the deepest interpreted horizon starting with U5 along each seismic line. This was accomplished by running Calculator-Math on Two Maps ("or" function) multiple times. The merged horizon was edited for spikes and deleted in places where the deepest interpreted horizon did not always represent the top of Qbd. This composite horizon was used to compute the total thickness of Quaternary sediment. 13) A composite unconformity (U10-U10.5) was generated by merging the U10 and U10.5 horizons interpreted on all seismic data, giving preference to the deeper U10 horizon. This was accomplished by running Calculator-Math on Two Maps ("or" function). The merged horizon was edited for spikes. This composite horizon was used as a lower boundary to compute the thickness of Qcch. 14) A composite unconformity (U11-Seafloor) was generated by merging the U11 and the picked sea-floor horizon interpreted on all seismic data, giving preference to the deeper U11 horizon. This was accomplished by running Calculator-Math on Two Maps ("or" function). The merged horizon was edited for spikes. The composite horizon was used as an upper boundary to compute the thickness of Qcch (includes tidal inlet and back barrier deposits Qbb). 15) A composite unconformity (U10-U10.5-U11-Seafloor) was generated by merging the U10-U10.5 and U11-Seafloor, giving preference to the deeper U110-U10.5 horizon. This was accomplished by running Calculator-Math on Two Maps ("or" function). The merged horizon was edited for spikes. The composite horizon was used as an upper boundary to compute the thickness of Q2. Process_Date: 2020 Process_Step: Process_Description: In Kingdom Suite 2017, Kingdom Dynamic Depth Conversion was used to build a time to depth conversion models using the bathymetric, picked structure horizons, and computed composite structure horizons described in the previous steps. Clipping polygons were created to prevent extrapolation outside of the areal extent of each horizon where no interpretations were made. This was done using Kingdom Suite 2017 Create Polygon. In all models, a difference offset between the picked sea floor and the MLLW bathymetry was applied. The model was built with time horizons as follows: Difference between picked sea floor and MLLW bathymetry (velocity above 1500 m/s) Picked sea floor (velocity above 1500 m/s) U10-U10.5 Composite Horizon (velocity above 1600 m/s) U9 Horizon (velocity above 1600 m/s) U8 Horizon (velocity above 1650 m/s) U6 Horizon (velocity above 1650 m/s) U4 Horizon (velocity above 1650 m/s) Uqt Composite Horizon (velocity above 1650 m/s) Dynamic Depth Model creates a depth grid for each horizon. Grid parameters were a 100-m cell size, fit to data min tension/minimum curvature 0.5, and smoothness 6. Lastly, in Dynamic Depth Conversion, Extract Depth Horizon for all horizon/unconformities was completed. Process_Date: 2020 Process_Step: Process_Description: Gridding Gridding of the depth horizons generated in the previous step was done in Kingdom Suite 2017. Tertiary unconformities (U1, U2, and U3) were not mapped and therefore not gridded. U5 and U7, although not mapped and gridded, they were digitized and merged to partially define Uqt, and U5 the base of Qbd. 1) Two depth-to-Uqt grids were created due to significant differences in line spacing between USGS multichannel seismic surveys and the Maryland Wind Energy Area (Coastal Planning & Engineering, 2014). The gridding parameters were: Inverse Distance to a Power (no mask), 100-m cell size, distance weight power 2, search distance 150 m, and smoothness value of 6. For the USGS multichannel survey areas (Sweeney and others, 2015 and Pendleton and others, 2016) gridding parameters were: Flex Gridding, 500-m cell size, and clip to polygon created in the previous step. The legacy single-channel data were not included. 2) Three depth-to-U4 grids were created due to significant differences in line spacing. For the Maryland Wind Energy Area (Coastal Planning & Engineering, 2014), gridding parameters were: Inverse Distance to a Power (no mask), 100-m cell size, distance weight power 2, search distance 150 m, and smoothness value of 6. For the USGS multichannel survey areas (Sweeney and others, 2015 and Pendleton and others, 2016), two grids were created, one for the base of the Persimmons Point Paleochannel and the other for the Ocean City Paleochannel. Gridding parameters were: Flex Gridding, 500-m cell size, and clip to polygon created in step one. The legacy single-channel data were not included. 3) Two depth-to-U6 grids were created, one for the base of the Exmore paleochannel and one for the Belle Haven paleochannel, using Flex Gridding with a 500-m cell size. USGS multichannel survey areas (Sweeney and others, 2015 and Pendleton and others, 2016) and legacy single-channel data were included. The clip to polygons created in step five was used to prevent extrapolation outside of the polygon and a 3000 m extrapolation limit was also applied to limit extrapolation of the legacy data. 4) Two depth-to-U8 grids were created, one for the base of the Eastville paleochannel and tributary paleochannels. Flex Gridding with a 500-m cell size was used for the USGS multichannel and chirp survey areas (Sweeney and others, 2015 and Pendleton and others, 2016) The legacy single-channel data were included. The clip to polygons created in step five was used to prevent extrapolation outside of the polygon and a 3000 m extrapolation limit was also applied to limit extrapolation of the legacy data.The multichannel data from Coastal Planning & Engineering (2014)was created using Inverse Distance to a Power (no mask), 100-m cell size, distance weight power 2, search distance 500 m, and smoothness value of 6. 5) One depth-to-U9 grid for all the chirp data from Sweeney and others (2015) and Pendleton and others (2016) and all the multichannel data from Coastal Planning & Engineering (2014) was created using Inverse Distance to a Power (no mask), 100-m cell size, distance weight power 2, search distance 500 m, and smoothness value of 6. 6) One depth-to-U10-U10.5 grid for all the chirp data from Sweeney and others (2015) and Pendleton and others (2016) all the chirp multichannel data from Coastal Planning & Engineering (2014), and the legacy single-channel data was created using Inverse Distance to a Power (no mask), 100-m cell size, distance weight power 2, search distance 500 m, and smoothness value of 6. Grid Export was used to export all the grids to Z-map format. Process_Date: 2020 Process_Step: Process_Description: Z-map grids from previous step were opened in Global Mapper 20. If more than one grid was generated in Kingdom Suite with different gridding parameters, grids combined using Analysis-Combine/Compare Terrain Layers. The resulting composite grid used the smaller of the grid-cell size of the input grids. The depth-to-U6 was exported with a 100-m grid spacing to be consistant with all other depth grids. The positive depth grids were converted to negative values using Global Mapper Raster Calculator and exported to a new GeoTIFF file that is distributed with this data release. Process_Date: 2021 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 18 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -75.0 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0 False_Easting: 500000.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 100.0 Ordinate_Resolution: 100.0 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS 84 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.25722356049 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: There are no attributes associated with these 32-bit GeoTIFFs. Pixel values represent the depth in meters referenced to MLLW for the following surfaces: Depth to Uqt range from -79.46 m to -19.2 m Depth to U4 range from -79.11 m to -18.07 m Depth to U6 range from -74.52 m to -27.66 m Depth to U8 range from -79.08 m to -19.44 m Depth to U9 range from -45.66 m to -13.57 m Depth to U10-U10.5 range from -77.362 m to -7.65 m Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Delmarva_depth_Uqt.tif is a GeoTIFF representing the elevation of the Tertiary to Quaternary unconformity (Uqt) offshore of the Delmarva Peninsula, including Maryland, and Virginia state waters. The dataset also includes a browse graphic file (Delmarva_depth_Uqt_browse.png) and the associated CSDGM metadata in XML format. Delmarva_depth_U4.tif is a GeoTIFF representing the elevation of the Quaternary unconformity U4 offshore of the Delmarva Peninsula, including Maryland and Virginia state waters. The dataset also includes a browse graphic file (Delmarva_depth_U4_browse.png) and the associated CSDGM metadata in XML format. Delmarva_depth_U6.tif is a GeoTIFF representing the elevation of the Quaternary unconformity U6 offshore of the Delmarva Peninsula, including Virginia state waters. The dataset also includes a browse graphic file (Delmarva_depth_U6_browse.png) and the associated CSDGM metadata in XML format. Delmarva_depth_U8.tif is a GeoTIFF representing the elevation of the Quaternary unconformity U8 offshore of the Delmarva Peninsula, including Maryland and Virginia state waters. The dataset also includes a browse graphic file (Delmarva_depth_U8_browse.png) and the associated CSDGM metadata in XML format. Delmarva_depth_U9.tif is a GeoTIFF representing the elevation of the Quaternary unconformity U9 offshore of the Delmarva Peninsula, including Maryland and Virginia state waters. The dataset also includes a browse graphic file (Delmarva_depth_U9_browse.png) and the associated CSDGM metadata in XML format. Delmarva_depth_U10-U10_5.tif is a GeoTIFF representing the elevation of the Quaternary unconformity U10-10.5 offshore of the Delmarva Peninsula, including Maryland and Virginia state waters. The dataset also includes a browse graphic file (Delmarva_depth_U10-10_5_browse.png) and the associated CSDGM metadata in XML format. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: GeoTIFF Format_Version_Number: 32-bit GeoTIFF Format_Specification: 32-bit GeoTIFFs with pixel values representing depth relative to MLLW. Format_Information_Content: The dataset consists of six 32-bit GeoTIFF images and the accompanying CSDGM metadata. Transfer_Size: 8 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/64371a38d34ee8d4addccf2a Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/64371a38d34ee8d4addccf2a Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GQY0ZN Access_Instructions: The first link is to download all the data in a ZIP file. The second link is to the landing page of the data where individual files can be downloaded. The third link is to the main landing page of the publication. Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: The imagery files are a 32-bit GeoTIFF image format with a world file. To utilize these data an image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a 32-bit TIFF image is needed. Standard image viewing software cannot translate a 32-bit image. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20230519 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: David S. Foster Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2271 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with the USGS. Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Access_Constraints: None Metadata_Use_Constraints: None