Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Marie K. Bartlett Publication_Date: 20231023 Title: Long and short-term shoreline change rate transects for the western North Carolina coastal region (NCwest), calculated with and without the proxy-datum bias using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System version 5.1 Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P9HYNUNV Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HYNUNV Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/64de6ff1d34e5f6cd55350cb Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Marie K. Bartlett Originator: Amy S. Farris Originator: Kathryn M. Weber Originator: Rachel E. Henderson Publication_Date: 2023 Title: USGS National Shoreline Change — 2017 lidar-derived mean high water shoreline and associated shoreline change data for coastal North Carolina Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P9HYNUNV Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Bartlett, M.K., Farris, A.S., Weber, K.M., and Henderson, R.E., 2023, USGS National Shoreline Change — 2017 lidar-derived mean high water shoreline and associated shoreline change data for coastal North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/P9HYNUNV. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HYNUNV Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/64de3810d34e5f6cd5533c78 Description: Abstract: The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has compiled national shoreline data for more than 20 years to document coastal change and serve the needs of research, management, and the public. Maintaining a record of historical shoreline positions is an effective method to monitor national shoreline evolution over time, enabling scientists to identify areas most susceptible to erosion or accretion. These data can help coastal managers and planners understand which areas of the coast are vulnerable to change. This data release includes one new mean high water (MHW) shoreline extracted from lidar data collected in 2017 for the entire coastal region of North Carolina which is divided into four subregions: northern North Carolina (NCnorth), central North Carolina (NCcentral), southern North Carolina (NCsouth), and western North Carolina (NCwest). Previously published historical shorelines for North Carolina (Kratzmann and others, 2017) were combined with the new lidar shoreline to calculate long-term (up to 169 years) and short-term (up to 20 years) rates of change. Files associated with the long-term and short-term rates are appended with "LT" and "ST", respectively. A proxy-datum bias reference line that accounts for the positional difference in a proxy shoreline (e.g. High Water Line (HWL) shoreline) and a datum shoreline (e.g. MHW shoreline) is also included in this release. Purpose: This dataset describes the long-term (up to 169 years) and short-term (up to 20 years) shoreline change rates for the North Carolina coastal region, used to maintain a national database of shoreline change. Supplemental_Information: Rate calculations were computed within a GIS using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 5.1, an ArcGIS extension developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Long-term rates of shoreline change were calculated using a linear regression rate based on available shoreline data. Short-term rates of shoreline change were calculated with a linear regression rate using only datum-based MHW shoreline data, or an end point rate when less than 3 MHW shorelines were available. A reference baseline was used as the originating point for the orthogonal transects cast by the DSAS software. The transects intersect each shoreline establishing measurement points, which are then used to calculate rates. This dataset consists of shoreline change rates calculated with DSAS version 5.1 and stored as a new transect layer. Original measurement transects are cast by DSAS from the baseline to intersect shoreline vectors, and the intersect data provide location and time information used to calculate rates of change. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1848 Ending_Date: 2017 Currentness_Reference: ground condition at the time of shoreline source data Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -78.544289 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -78.013996 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.922937 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.839336 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: Baseline Theme_Keyword: Shoreline Theme_Keyword: Shoreline Change Theme_Keyword: Digital Shoreline Analysis System Theme_Keyword: DSAS Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: accretion Theme_Keyword: erosion Theme_Keyword: long-term change rates Theme_Keyword: short-term change rates Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme_Keyword: erosion Theme_Keyword: shoreline accretion Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:64de6ff1d34e5f6cd55350cb Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Atlantic Coast Place_Keyword: North Carolina Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: Southeast Atlantic Access_Constraints: None. Use_Constraints: These data were generated for use within the DSAS v5.1 software. Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. These data should not be used for any purpose other than that for which they are intended. The United States Geological Survey does not guarantee its validity. Assumptions, analyses, opinions, and actual outcomes may vary. The user should always verify actual data and exercise their own professional judgment when interpreting any outcomes. These data should not be used for any purpose other than that for which they are intended. The United States Geological Survey does not guarantee its validity. Assumptions, analyses, opinions, and actual outcomes may vary. The user should always verify actual data and exercise their own professional judgment when interpreting any outcomes. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. These data are not to be used for navigation. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Marie K. Bartlett Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-457-8700 x2306 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mbartlett@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/64de6ff1d34e5f6cd55350cb?name=NCwest_rates_browse.PNG Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Map view of dataset Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 10 Esri ArcGIS 10.7.1 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Originator: Amy S. Farris Originator: Rachel E. Henderson Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Originator: Ayhan Ergul Originator: Ouya Zhang Originator: Jessica L. Zichichi Originator: E. Robert Thieler Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Digital Shoreline Analysis System (version 5.1): U.S. Geological Survey Software Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: software release Issue_Identification: version 5.1 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Use the first two links to access the software. The third link directs to the DSAS project page. Current version of software at time of use was 5.1. Online_Linkage: https://code.usgs.gov/cch/dsas/ Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VW42I0 Online_Linkage: https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/DSAS/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Originator: Rachel E. Henderson Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Originator: Amy S. Farris Publication_Date: 20211019 Title: Digital Shoreline Analysis System (version 5.1) User Guide Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2021-1091 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Refer to the DSAS user guide for more information about attribute requirements, accuracy reports, and feature creation. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211091 Online_Linkage: https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/DSAS/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Originator: Meredith G. Kraztmann Originator: E. Robert Thieler Publication_Date: 20170718 Title: National assessment of shoreline change—Summary statistics for updated vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the Gulf of Mexico and Southeast Atlantic coasts Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2017-1015 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171015 Online_Linkage: https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20171015 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Peter Ruggiero Originator: Jeffrey H. List Publication_Date: 200909 Title: Improving Accuracy and Statistical Reliability of Shoreline Position and Change Rate Estimates Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of Coastal Research Issue_Identification: vol. 255 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charlotte, NC Publisher: Coastal Education and Research Foundation Other_Citation_Details: ppg. 1069-1081 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2112/08-1051.1 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The attributes of this dataset are based on the field requirements of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System and were automatically generated by the software while creating the transect layer or during the calculation of shoreline change rates. Logical_Consistency_Report: These data were automatically generated by the DSAS v5.1 software and were visually inspected prior to rate calculations. Sometimes the intersection where transects cross the shoreline was manually edited in ArcMap (v10.7.1) to create a better orthogonal transect with respect to the general trend of the coastline. It is possible that a centimeter-scale offset may occur when projecting from outside of the spatial reference system used for analysis (UTM Zone 18N WGS84 or UTM Zone 17N WGS84). This is an artifact of the projection process; rate data are unaffected. Completeness_Report: This dataset contains the transects automatically generated by the DSAS software application that were used to calculate shoreline change rates for the region. Transects that did not intersect the minimum requirement of three shorelines, one of which must be a modern lidar shoreline, were omitted from this final dataset. Shoreline change rates data are provided where there are available shorelines to compute change metrics. Though the full database of shorelines was utilized for long-term rate analysis (1848-2017), gaps in shorelines or lack of lidar data in certain areas may mean that not all transects will incorporate every shoreline date in the rate calculations. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The uncertainty of the linear regression rate is estimated by the elements LR2, LSE and LCI90. See the attribute definition of each for more information. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Originator: E. Robert Thieler Publication_Date: 2017 Title: National assessment of shoreline change – A GIS compilation of updated vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the Southeast Atlantic Coast Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/F74X55X7 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F74X55X7 Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/58055f50e4b0824b2d1c1ee7 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1848 Ending_Date: 2010 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition at the time of shoreline survey Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_historical_shorelines Source_Contribution: These shorelines were combined with new lidar shoreline for 2017 and used within the Digital Shoreline Analysis System version 5.1 to produce long-term shoreline change rates. Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 1: Historical shoreline data covering the coast of North Carolina (Kratzmann and others, 2017) were compiled and merged into a single feature class (NCwest_historical_shorelines) within a personal geodatabase in ArcMap v10.7.1. Historical shoreline data covers date range 1848-2010 and includes three lidar-derived shorelines (1997,2009,2010). The shoreline database is split into four regions: NCnorth, NCcentral, NCsouth, and NCwest, to account for changes in UTM zone and the complicated morphology of the coast. The data were projected using ArcToolbox v10.7.1 (Data Management Tools > Projections and Transformations > Feature > Project). Output projection for NCnorth, NCcentral, NCsouth = UTM zone 18N (WGS 84). Output projection for NCwest = UTM zone 17N (WGS 84); transformation = none. See associated source metadata (https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/58b89084e4b01ccd5500c2ac) for complete process steps for historical shoreline delineation. This process step and all subsequent process steps were performed by the same person - Marie K. Bartlett. Process_Date: 2022 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Marie K. Bartlett Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x 2306 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mbartlett@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 2: The datum-based, MHW shoreline (see larger work citation, NCwest_shoreline_2017) and historical shorelines compiled for long-term (LT) analysis (NCwest_historical_shorelines) were confirmed to have the same attribute fields required for use in DSAS before they were merged into a single feature class using Esri's ArcToolbox > Data Management > General > Merge, output filename= NCwest_shorelines. All shorelines have an uncertainty value listed in the attribute table that provides the horizontal uncertainty associated with the shoreline, regardless of the method used. Uncertainty for historical shorelines (1848-2010) is found in Kratzmann and others (2017). Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_historical_shorelines Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_shoreline_2017 Process_Date: 2022 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_shorelines Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 3: Transect features for LT analysis were generated in a personal geodatabase using DSAS v5.1. DSAS parameters used: baseline layer= NCwest_baseline, baseline group field=NULL, shoreline layer= NCwest_shorelines, transect spacing=50 meters, default search distance=1000 meters, land direction=right, shoreline intersection=seaward. File produced = NCwest_trans_LT. Some transects were manually edited for length, moved, or deleted using the editor toolbar in ArcMap. For additional details on these parameters, please see the DSAS help file distributed with the DSAS software, or visit the USGS website at:https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc/science/digital-shoreline-analysis-system-dsas Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_baseline Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_shorelines Process_Date: 2023 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_trans_LT Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 4: LT rate calculations were performed producing rates with and without the proxy-datum bias correction. DSAS parameters used: shoreline layer = NCwest_shorelines, shoreline date field = Date_, shoreline uncertainty field name = Uncy, default accuracy = 5.1 meters, shoreline intersection = seaward, stats calculations = [LRR], shoreline threshold = 3, confidence interval=90%. Files produced = NCwest_rates_LT, NCwest_intersects_LT. The historical shoreline database contains both MHW and HWL shorelines thus a proxy-datum bias (PDB), stored as a line feature class is appended to the reference baseline. The PDB is applied during rate calculation. For more information about the origin of the PDB see Ruggiero and List (2009), which is cross-referenced in this metadata file. Rate statistics are presented with and without the PDB correction applied, denoted in the long-term rates attribute table with a prefix of “NB_” or “No bias”. The bias uncertainty values are stored within the bias feature attribute table (see larger work citation, NCwest_bias_feature). Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_trans_LT Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_bias_feature Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_shorelines Process_Date: 2023 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_rates_LT Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 5: MHW shorelines (1997-2017) were exported from NCwest_shorelines and renamed NCwest_shorelines_ST for use in short-term (ST) shoreline change rate calculations. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_shorelines Process_Date: 2023 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_shorelines_ST Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 6: Repeat Step 3 using NCwest_shorelines_ST to generate ST transect features. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_baseline Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_shorelines Process_Date: 2023 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_trans_ST Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 7: ST rate calculations were performed without a proxy-datum bias correction which was unnecessary, since only datum-based MHW shorelines (1997-2017) were used. DSAS parameters used: shoreline layer = NCwest_shorelines_ST, shoreline date field = Date_, shoreline uncertainty field name = Uncy, default accuracy = 5.1 meters, shoreline intersection = seaward, stats calculations = [LRR], shoreline threshold = 2, confidence interval=90%. Files produced = NCwest_rates_ST, NCwest_intersects_ST. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_trans_ST Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_bias_feature Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_shorelines_ST Process_Date: 2023 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: NCwest_rates_ST Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 8: The long and short-term rate transects were exported to shapefiles in ArcMap v10.7.1 by right-clicking the transect layer > data > export data. Coordinate system: UTM Zone 17N (WGS84) Process_Date: 2023 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 17 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -81.0 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0 False_Easting: 500000.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.6096 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.6096 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_84 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: NCwest_rates_LT Entity_Type_Definition: Rates of long-term shoreline change are calculated by DSAS and stored in the transect file, using the distance measurements between shorelines and baseline at each DSAS transect. These attributes are for long-term shoreline change rates with and without the proxy-datum bias correction applied. The shapefiles will have LT for long-term in filename. Rate calculations without the proxy-datum bias correction applied will have "NB_" In the attribute field title. Vector Object Count: 985 Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Feature geometry. Rates are polyline shapefiles. Attribute: Attribute_Label: BaselineID Attribute_Definition: Unique identification number of the baseline segment. Used by DSAS to determine transect ordering alongshore if multiple baseline segments exist. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 12 Range_Domain_Maximum: 14 Attribute: Attribute_Label: GroupID Attribute_Definition: Field used to aggregate transects on the basis of physical variations alongshore (for example, tidal inlets, change in coastal type, or hard stabilization features). This value was assigned by the user as an attribute to a baseline segment and results in a group average being reported in the DSAS summary text file. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 12 Range_Domain_Maximum: 14 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Azimuth Attribute_Definition: Assigned by DSAS to record the azimuth of the transect measure in degrees clockwise from North. If a transect position has been adjusted during the editing process, the azimuth value in the attribute table is updated automatically. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.08 Range_Domain_Maximum: 359.99 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: ShrCount Attribute_Definition: Number of shorelines used to compute shoreline change metrics. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 3 Range_Domain_Maximum: 10 Attribute: Attribute_Label: TCD Attribute_Definition: The Total Cumulative Distance (TCD) is the measure in meters along shore from the start of the baseline segment with an ID=1, and measured sequentially alongshore to the end of the final baseline segment. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 650 Range_Domain_Maximum: 50895 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: SHAPE_Leng Attribute_Definition: Length of feature in meter units (UTM zone 17N, WGS 84) Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 38.756 Range_Domain_Maximum: 496.009 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: LRR Attribute_Definition: A linear regression rate-of-change statistic was calculated by fitting a least-squares regression line to all shoreline points for a particular transect. Any shoreline points that are referenced to HWL were adjusted by the proxy-datum bias distance (meters) along the transect to correct for the offset between proxy-based HWL and datum-based MHW shorelines. The best-fit regression line is placed so that the sum of the squared residuals (determined by squaring the offset distance of each data point from the regression line and adding the squared residuals together) is minimized. The linear regression rate is the slope of the line. The rate is reported in meters per year with positive values indicating accretion and negative values indicating erosion. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -3.32 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.79 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters per year Attribute: Attribute_Label: NB_LRR Attribute_Definition: The LRR without the bias correction applied. Decimal values may be positive or negative, which is used to indicate landward (negative) or seaward (positive) direction from baseline origin. Reported in meters per year. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -3.17 Range_Domain_Maximum: 5.01 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters per year Attribute: Attribute_Label: LR2 Attribute_Definition: The R-squared statistic, or coefficient of determination, is the percentage of variance in the data that is explained by a regression. It is a dimensionless index that ranges from 1.0 to 0.0 and measures how successfully the best-fit line accounts for variation in the data. The smaller the variability of the residual values around the regression line relative to the overall variability, the better the prediction (and closer the R-squared value is to 1.0). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.94 Attribute: Attribute_Label: NB_LR2 Attribute_Definition: The LR2 without the bias correction applied. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.94 Attribute: Attribute_Label: LSE Attribute_Definition: This quantity is the standard error of the regression, also known as the standard error of the estimate. To calculate it, the distance between each data point and the regression line is calculated. These distances are squared then summed. The sum is divided by the number of data point minus two. The square root is taken of the result. These are positive decimal values in meters. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 4.98 Range_Domain_Maximum: 184.9 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: NB_LSE Attribute_Definition: The standard error of the regression (LSE) without the bias correction applied. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 3.41 Range_Domain_Maximum: 180.34 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: LCI90 Attribute_Definition: The 90 percent confidence interval (LCI90) is calculated by multiplying the standard error of the slope by the two-tailed test statistic at the user-specified 90 percent confidence. This value is often reported in conjunction with the slope to describe the confidence of the reported rate. For example: LRR = 1.2 and LCI90 = 0.7 could be reported as a rate of 1.2 (+/-) 0.7 meters/year. These are positive decimal values in meters. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.08 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.85 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: NB_LCI90 Attribute_Definition: The LCI90 without the bias correction applied. These are positive decimal values in meters. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.07 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.78 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: TransOrder Attribute_Definition: Assigned by DSAS based on ordering of transects along the baseline. Allows user to sort transect data along the baseline from baseline start to baseline end. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 10 Range_Domain_Maximum: 999 Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: NCwest_rates_ST Entity_Type_Definition: Rates of short-term shoreline change are calculated by DSAS and stored in the transect file, using the distance measurements between shorelines and baseline at each DSAS transect. These attributes are for short-term shoreline change rates without the proxy-datum bias correction applied. The shapefiles will have ST for short-term in filename. Vector Object Count: 981 Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Feature geometry. Rates are polyline shapefiles. Attribute: Attribute_Label: BaselineID Attribute_Definition: Unique identification number of the baseline segment. Used by DSAS to determine transect ordering alongshore if multiple baseline segments exist. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 12 Range_Domain_Maximum: 14 Attribute: Attribute_Label: GroupID Attribute_Definition: Field used to aggregate transects on the basis of physical variations alongshore (for example, tidal inlets, change in coastal type, or hard stabilization features). This value was assigned by the user as an attribute to a baseline segment and results in a group average being reported in the DSAS summary text file. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 12 Range_Domain_Maximum: 14 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Azimuth Attribute_Definition: Assigned by DSAS to record the azimuth of the transect measure in degrees clockwise from North. If a transect position has been adjusted during the editing process, the azimuth value in the attribute table is updated automatically. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.08 Range_Domain_Maximum: 359.99 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: ShrCount Attribute_Definition: Number of shorelines used to compute shoreline change metrics. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 2 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3 Attribute: Attribute_Label: TCD Attribute_Definition: The Total Cumulative Distance (TCD) is the measure in meters along shore from the start of the baseline segment with an ID=1, and measured sequentially alongshore to the end of the final baseline segment. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 700 Range_Domain_Maximum: 50995 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: SHAPE_Leng Attribute_Definition: Length of feature in meter units (UTM zone 17N, WGS 84) Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 5.813 Range_Domain_Maximum: 374.623 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: EPR Attribute_Definition: The end point rate (EPR) is calculated by determining the distance between the oldest and youngest shoreline on a DSAS transect and dividing by the time elapsed between the two shoreline dates.Decimal values may be positive or negative, which is used to indicate landward (negative) or seaward (positive) shoreline movement. Reported in meters per year. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -8.52 Range_Domain_Maximum: 9.21 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters per year Attribute: Attribute_Label: EPRunc Attribute_Definition: An estimate of end point rate uncertainty. The shoreline uncertainties for the two positions used in the end point calculation are each squared, then added together (summation of squares). The square root of the summation of squares is divided by the number of years between the two shorelines. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.31 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.45 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: LRR Attribute_Definition: A linear regression rate-of-change statistic was calculated by fitting a least-squares regression line to all shoreline points for a particular transect. Any shoreline points that are referenced to HWL were adjusted by the proxy-datum bias distance (meters) along the transect to correct for the offset between proxy-based HWL and datum-based MHW shorelines. The best-fit regression line is placed so that the sum of the squared residuals (determined by squaring the offset distance of each data point from the regression line and adding the squared residuals together) is minimized. The linear regression rate is the slope of the line. The rate is reported in meters per year with positive values indicating accretion and negative values indicating erosion. LRR calculations require a minimum of 3 shorelines; less than 3 shorelines results in a “null” value, which is not a supported value in shapefile format. A value of 9999 in the LRR attribute field along with a ShrCount of 2 indicates the required number of shorelines to compute the linear regression rate was not met. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -7.14 Range_Domain_Maximum: 410.08 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters per year Attribute: Attribute_Label: LR2 Attribute_Definition: The R-squared statistic, or coefficient of determination, is the percentage of variance in the data that is explained by a regression. It is a dimensionless index that ranges from 1.0 to 0.0 and measures how successfully the best-fit line accounts for variation in the data. The smaller the variability of the residual values around the regression line relative to the overall variability, the better the prediction (and closer the R-squared value is to 1.0). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.0 Attribute: Attribute_Label: LSE Attribute_Definition: This quantity is the standard error of the regression, also known as the standard error of the estimate. To calculate it, the distance between each data point and the regression line is calculated. These distances are squared then summed. The sum is divided by the number of data point minus two. The square root is taken of the result. These are positive decimal values in meters. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 125.7 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: LCI90 Attribute_Definition: The 90 percent confidence interval (LCI90) is calculated by multiplying the standard error of the slope by the two-tailed test statistic at the user-specified 90 percent confidence. This value is often reported in conjunction with the slope to describe the confidence of the reported rate. For example: LRR = 1.2 and LCI90 = 0.7 could be reported as a rate of 1.2 (+/-) 0.7 meters/year. These are positive decimal values in meters. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.04 Range_Domain_Maximum: 55.91 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: TransOrder Attribute_Definition: Assigned by DSAS based on ordering of transects along the baseline. Allows user to sort transect data along the baseline from baseline start to baseline end. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 2 Range_Domain_Maximum: 987 Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with long-term and short-term shoreline change rates. Please review the individual attribute descriptions for detailed information. All calculations for length are in meter units and were based on the UTM zone 18N WGS 84 projection (NCnorth, NCcentral, NCsouth) or UTM zone 17N WGS84 projection (NCwest). Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: USGS ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: The dataset contains the polyline shapefile of North Carolina long-term rates of change (NCwest_rates_LT.shp, NCwest_rates_ST.shp and other shapefile components), browse graphic (NCwest_rates_browse.PNG, and the FGDC CSDGM metadata in XML format. Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.7.1 Format_Specification: Esri Polyline Shapefile Format_Information_Content: These files (.cpg, .dbf, .prj, .sbn, .sbx, .shp, and .shx) are a collection of files with a common filename prefix and must be downloaded and stored in the same directory. Together they are the components of the shapefile. Additional files of the same name included are FGDC CSDGM-compliant metadata in XML format. Transfer_Size: 1.5 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HYNUNV Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/64de6ff1d34e5f6cd55350cb Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/64de6ff1d34e5f6cd55350cb Access_Instructions: The first link is to the USGS publication page, the second link downloads all the data on the landing page, and the third link is to the dataset landing page. Fees: None. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20231023 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Marie K. Bartlett Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2306 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998