Assateague Island Seabeach Amaranth Survey Data — 2001 to 2018

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Assateague Island Seabeach Amaranth Survey Data — 2001 to 2018
Abstract:
Seabeach amaranth (Amaranthus pumilus) is a federally threatened plant species that was once prevalent on beaches of the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast. For much of the 20th century, seabeach amaranth was absent and thought to be extinct along this coast presumably due to development and recreational pressure. Few plants were observed over much of the 20th century and the species was federally listed as endangered in 1993. To re-establish a population, the Natural Resources staff at Assateague Island National Seashore (ASIS) planted seabeach amaranth cultivars for three growing seasons from 2000 to 2002. To monitor the impact of this effort, the Natural Resources staff conducted yearly surveys on Assateague Island to locate seabeach amaranth from 2001 to the present. These surveys were undertaken, typically during early August, to monitor the presence and dispersal of the plant following the effort to re-establish a population. The surveys were conducted in coordination with Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Surveys measured the location of each plant found using GPS and noted several parameters including: 1) plant size, 2) evidence of grazing by insects or ungulates (2005 and later) and noted if the plant was protected by cages put in place by ASIS Natural Resources staff.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Chase, Jonathan B., Hulslander, Bill, Strum, Mark, Lea, Chris, Gutierrez, Benjamin T., Henderson, Rachel E., and Sterne, Travis K., 20230426, Assateague Island Seabeach Amaranth Survey Data — 2001 to 2018: data release DOI:10.5066/P9IZMQ1B, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Suggested citation: Chase, J.B., Hulslander , B., Strum, M., Lea, C., Gutierrez, B.T., Henderson, R.E., and Sterne, T.K., 2023, Assateague Island seabeach amaranth survey data — 2001 to 2018: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IZMQ1B
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.378571
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.094069
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 38.323762
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.854778
  3. What does it look like?
    https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/61c1f5fbd34eafc738ca0410?name=NPS_AMPU_BrowseGraphic.jpg (JPEG)
    Assateague Island National Seashore and Maryland Department of Natural Resources staff conducting annual survey of the island for seabeach amaranth (Amaranthus pumilus) in August 2018 (Photo credit: Jonathan Chase, NPS). Inset photo shows an individual seabeach amaranth plant (NPS, ASIS staff).
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: Aug-2001
    Ending_Date: Aug-2018
    Currentness_Reference:
    Ground condition. Obsertaions were made during the month of August for each survey year.
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular (.csv) and point shapefile (.shp)
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Entity Point (10458)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.0197565532. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.0249848024. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal seconds. The horizontal datum used is North_American_Datum_1983.
      The ellipsoid used is GRS_1980.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222101.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    NPS_AMPU_2001to2018_FieldData.shp
    Each row in this dataset is an observation of plant presence (seabeach amaranth) made by NPS park staff or volunteers. A csv file containing the same fields for all sample records is also included in the dataset; see the Entity and Attribute Overview for a description of the .csv file. (Source: Observations made in the filed from 2001 to 2018. Point object count: 10458)
    FID
    Automatically generated unique identifier (Source: Esri ArcGIS 10.6)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:10457
    Shape
    Feature geometry (Source: Esri) Coordinates defining the features. Geographic coordinate system is defined for the shapefile, both Projected (UTM NAD83), and Geographic (GCS_North_American_1983) coordinates are included for the .csv file.
    YEAR
    Year the observation was made. (Source: Producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:2001
    Maximum:2018
    New_ID
    A running tally of the total number of observed plant locations, adjusted from older ID values with repeated or nonnumerical values through the years. (Source: Producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1
    Maximum:10458
    ID
    1.The ID number given to the feature during field collection (when only a number is listed), or 2. When an ‘a’ is included in the ID field (for example, "Area_a1") it specifies that a single point was taken for many plants in a given area, or 3. When a ‘b’ is used in the ID field (for example “b29”) it specifies that multiple GPS units were in the field during data collection which would give the features similar feature ID's so discrete IDs were assigned to avoid mixing them up (ie a unit, b unit, c unit, etc). 4. Repeated ID values for a given year indicate different observers/GPS units were not assigned or did not record the unit (a, b, c etc.). However there are some inconsistencies within the datset - repeated ID values for a given year may indicate different observers/GPS units. (Source: Producer defined)
    ValueDefinition
    NO DATANo data
    Attribute includes combination of letters and numbers.
    NORTHING
    North coordinate in UTM Zone 18 meters, NAD 1983 (Source: Producer defined, reading from the GPS unit)
    Range of values
    Minimum:4241742.25
    Maximum:4189770.00
    Units:meters
    EASTING
    East coordinate in UTM Zone 18 meters, NAD 1983 (Source: Producer defined, reading from the GPS unit)
    Range of values
    Minimum:491777.46
    Maximum:466697.00
    Units:meters
    AREA_cm2
    Estimate (by trained observer) of total leaf/ plant area in centimeters squared (cm sq.) occupied by the living portions of the plant when seen from above in a horizontal plane. Very large plants were measured with tapes as estimating from above was too difficult. Value set to -99999 for no data, or data not collected. (Source: Producer defined)
    ValueDefinition
    -99999No data, not measured
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.5
    Maximum:1200
    Units:centimeters squared
    OBSERVER
    The person who was collecting the data on the GPS unit. The value varies including the last name, sometimes only the intials. (Source: Producer defined)
    ValueDefinition
    -99999No data, the person collecing the data was not recorded.
    Free text
    Caged
    Was the plant caged - Yes (1) or No (0). Caging did not begin until 2004. After that year, a no data value (-99999) indicates this attribute was not recorded in the field. (Source: Producer defined)
    ValueDefinition
    0No
    1Yes
    -99999No data or this attribute was not recorded in the field.
    Ung_Grazed
    Was the plant grazed by ungulates? This does not exclude grazing by other entities. Yes (1) or No (0). Grazing data was not collected until 2005. After that year, a no data value (-99999) indicates this attribute was not recorded in the field. (Source: Producer defined)
    ValueDefinition
    0No
    1Yes
    -99999No data
    Ins_Grazed
    Was the plant grazed by insects? This does not exclude grazing by other entities. Yes (1) or No (0). Grazing data was not collected until 2005. After that year, a no data value (-99999) indicates this attribute was not recorded in the field. (Source: Producer defined)
    ValueDefinition
    0No
    1Yes
    -99999No data or attribute not recorded in the field.
    Grazed
    Was the plant grazed by anything? If identification is possible, by what? A value of 1 (yes) is used only when the grazing is present but could not be attributed to an insect or ungulate. Grazing data was not collected until 2005. After that year, a no data value (-99999) indicates this attribute was not recorded in the field. (Source: Producer defined)
    ValueDefinition
    0No
    1Yes
    2Deer herbivory
    3Horse herbivory
    4Insect herbivory
    5Horse and insect herbivory
    6Deer and insect herbivory
    7Ungrazed
    8Ungulate grazed but not able to identify source of grazing-deer or horse.
    9Ungulate and insect grazed but not able to identify source of ungulate grazing - deer or horse.
    -99999No data or attribute not recorded in the field.
    GPS_Unit
    Type of GPS unit used to record plant locations. (Source: Producer defined) Free text
    Location
    Location observation was made as a text descrption of the location on Assateague Island. (Source: Producer defined)
    ValueDefinition
    North EndThe North end of Assateague Island
    OSVWestWest of the Over-sand vehicle boundary. The OSVB is a zone designated for permitted vehicle operation.
    OSVWithin the over-sand vehicle boundary. The OSVB is a zone designated for permitted vehicle operation.
    CNWRChincoteague National Wildlife Refuge
    NSDevNational Seashore Developed Area
    StParkAssateague State Park
    NO DATAThe collection of location information began in 2006. After that time, not data values mean this information was not recorded in the field. Orignally this value was -99999, but when reading .csv into GIS, the non-numberical attributes were lost. Using "No Data" characterizes the attribute as a text field.
    POINT_X
    Longitude coordinates in GSC NAD83 (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-75.378571
    Maximum:-75.094069
    Units:decimal degrees
    POINT_Y
    Lattitude coordinates in GSC NAD83 (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:37.854778
    Maximum:38.323762
    Units:decimal degrees
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    This section describes both the the tabular data (NPS_AMPU_2001to2018_FieldData.csv) and the shapefile (NPS_AMPU_2001to2018_FieldData.shp). These files describe the same field collected data, and share the same attribute information. The tabular data does not have the attributes "FID" or "Shape" The shapefile is projected in GCS_North_American_1983, and the .csv file has both GCS_North_American_1983 (Point_X, Point_Y) and UTM NAD83 coordinates )(Northing, Easting) defined.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Jonathan B. Chase
    • Bill Hulslander
    • Mark Strum
    • Chris Lea
    • Benjamin T. Gutierrez
    • Rachel E. Henderson
    • Travis K. Sterne
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    Development of this dataset is also credited to Bill Hulslander (NPS, Chief Resources Management), Lauren Kramer (NPS, GIS Specialist), and Lindsay Ries (NPS, Supervisory Biologist).
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Jonathan B. Chase
    Assateague Island National Seashore
    Biological Science Technician
    7206 National Seashore Lane
    Berlin, MD
    USA

    410-629-6073 (voice)
    jonathan_chase@nps.gov

Why was the data set created?

These plant location data were collected to monitor the wild seabeach amaranth population resulting from a three-year effort to re-introduce the plants from cultivars from 2000-2002. This dataset consists of 18 years of GPS coordinates and site observations of wild seabeach amaranth (Amaranthus pumilus) observed at Assateague Island National Seashore. In addition to location, the dataset includes basic observations of plant condition for each plant surveyed.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2018 (process 1 of 6)
    Since 2001, Assateague Island has been surveyed for seabeach amaranth. The entire island was surveyed each year from 2001-2015. Since then, only the Maryland portion of the island has been included in the surveys due to a lack of observed plants in years leading up to 2015 (USFWS has undertaken surveys on the Virginia portions of the island in recent years). Typically, groups of individuals 4 to 14 walked the widest portions of the island in a north to south or south to north direction. When large numbers of plants were encountered, searches were conducted by multiple people walking east to west and west to east to investigate locations with small plants (1-2cm sq.). Each year, survey teams started surveys and the beginning of August to be completed before the end of the 3rd week in August. Caging of plants began in 2004 to protect plants from grazing by ungulates. Each year since then preliminary searches for plants (to be caged) began in mid-July. Once found, plants encountered were caged to the extent possible prior to annual surveys. Plants not found before the surveys, were often caged once encountered. Field staff used GPS to obtain plant coordinates (UTM coordinates, NAD83, Zone 18) by standing next to the specimens. Observational data were also collected during the August surveys. Consequently, these represent conditions during the first 3 weeks of August. Following annual surveys, plant location and observations regarding their condition were transcribed from field notebooks and GPS units to a spreadsheet by Assateague Island National Seashore natural resources staff. The spreadsheet was updated annually and was completed by different staff members from year to year. The Data_Set_Credit section includes the names of some of these staff members. The process took place from 2001 to 2018, with the process date representing the most recent work. A note on determining the nature of grazing: Observation of grazing on Seabeach Amaranth was obtained by trained observers. Careful attention was paid to ensure no observer tracks obscured the site. Presence and identification of deer or horse tracks would be observed as well as any type of grazing. An amaranth that was determined to be horse herbivory had to first have horse tracks present, and then it had to appear to have either been pulled from the ground or to have been eaten to an extent that was severe. The grazing habit of deer is less destructive, more frequently smaller portions of the plant would be consumed and sometimes bits of fallen plant material would appear near the amaranth plant. The tracks were the most important aspect in determining the perpetrator of the grazing. When both tracks were found (or no tracks were found) and the quality of the grazing effect did not easily represent the eating habit of the animal, “unknown ungulate” was selected. Regarding insect herbivory, presence of insects was a strong indicator upon closer inspection insect damage would appear as holes or semicircular cuts out of leave margins. Person who carried out this activity:
    Jonathan B. Chase
    Assateague Island National Seashore
    Biological Science Technician
    7206 National Seashore Lane
    Berlin, MD
    USA

    410-629-6073 (voice)
    jonathan_chase@nps.gov
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • NPS_Amaranth_ORIG.csv
    Date: 2021 (process 2 of 6)
    The dataset edited by Benjamin Gutierrez and Emily Sturdivant of the USGS to convert the grazing fields into numerical values to facilitate data analysis. Fields included in the original dataset include: YEAR, New ID, ID, NORTHING, EASTING, GPS Height, AREA, Size Class, Avg. Area for Class, OBSERVER, Caged, Ungulate Grazed, Insect Grazed, Grazed, GPS Unit, Location, COMMENT, Count, Total. Some fields were removed from the original dataset as they were incomplete or not used for subsequent analysis. Fields removed include: GPS Height, Size Class, Avg. Area for Class, COMMENT, Count and Final. Person who carried out this activity:
    Benjamin T. Gutierrez
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    US

    508-548-8700 x2289 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    bgutierrez@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • NPS_Amaranth_ORIG.csv
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • NPS_Amaranth_USGS.csv
    Date: 2021 (process 3 of 6)
    To create the vector spatial dataset, the .csv tabular data was imported into Esri ArcMap (version 10.6) using the "XY Table to Point" geoprocessing tool. Data was identified as North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) UTM Zone 18N. Person who carried out this activity:
    Travis K. Sterne
    Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Geographer
    384 Woods Hole Rd.
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    (508) 548 8700 x2219 (voice)
    tsterne@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • NPS_Amaranth_USGS.csv
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • NPS_Amaranth_USGS.shp
    Date: 2022 (process 4 of 6)
    Within Esri ArcMap (version 10.6), the coordinate system was updated from projected "NAD_1983_UTM_Zone_18N" to geographic coordinates "GCS_North_American_1983" for publication using ArcToolbox > Data Management Tools > Projections and Transformations > Project. Latitude and longitude coordinates were added to the shapefile dataset ArcToolbox > Data Management Tools > Features > Add XY Coordinates. Person who carried out this activity:
    Travis K. Sterne
    Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Geographer
    384 Woods Hole Rd.
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    (508) 548 8700 x2219 (voice)
    tsterne@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • NPS_Amaranth_USGS.shp
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • NPS_AMPU_2001to2008_FieldData.shp
    Date: 2022 (process 5 of 6)
    The final version of the data, including both geographic (point_x, point_y) and projected coordinates (Easting, Northing) and reduced fields, was exported from a shapefile to a .csv file, by exporting the attribute table within ArcMap, saving as a database (.dbf) file. The .dbf file is then opened using Excel (Office 365), and saved as a comma delimited (.csv) file. Both final datasets include the fields: FID*, Shape*, (*shapefile only) YEAR, New_ID, ID, NORTHING, EASTING, Area_cm2, OBSERVER, Caged, Ung_Grazed, Ins_Grazed, Grazed, GPS_unit, Location, Point_X, and Point_Y. Person who carried out this activity:
    Travis K. Sterne
    Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Geographer
    384 Woods Hole Rd.
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    (508) 548 8700 x2219 (voice)
    tsterne@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • NPS_AMPU_2001to2008_FieldData.shp
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • NPS_AMPU_2001to2008_FieldData.csv
    Date: 10-May-2023 (process 6 of 6)
    One of the author names was misspelled and fixed. (20230510) Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Rd.
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Gutierrez, Benjamin T., Heslin, Julia, Henderson, Rachel E., Sterne, Travis K., and Sturdivant, Emily J., 2023, Seabeach amaranth presence-absence and barrier island geomorphology metrics as relates to shorebird habitat for Assateague Island National Seashore — 2008, 2010, and 2014: data release DOI:10.5066/P9GKXN3H, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Larger dataset for which this data serves as observations for presence of Seabeach amaranth. Suggested citation: Gutierrez, B.T., Heslin, J.L., Henderson, R.E., Sterne, T.K., and Sturdivant, E.J., 2023, Seabeach amaranth presence-absence and barrier island geomorphology metrics as relates to shorebird habitat for Assateague Island National Seashore — 2008, 2010, and 2014: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GKXN3H
    Gutierrez, Benjamin T., and Lentz, Erika E., 2023, Developing a habitat model to support management of threatened seabeach amaranth (Amaranthus pumilus) at Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland and Virginia: Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5034, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Scientific Investigations Report associated with data releases DOI:10.5066/P9IZMQ1B and DOI:10.5066/P9GKXN3H. Suggested citation: Gutierrez, B.T., and Lentz, E.E., 2023, Developing a habitat model to support management of threatened seabeach amaranth (Amaranthus pumilus) at Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5034, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235034.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    In locations where plant density was high, the data collection point may represent more than one plant if it was difficult to determine the precise number of plants. In the course of data analysis, inconsistencies were found between the fields that recorded grazing status: insect grazed, ungulate grazed, and grazed. As a result only the ‘Grazed’ field was used in data analysis (see Gutierrez and Lentz, 2023).
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Field collected data were acquired from 2001-2018 using various hand held GPS units. GPS Units or receivers used by year for Seabeach Amaranth Census at ASIS: 2001-2003 (Trimble TSC-1), 2004 (Trimble TSC-1, Garmin GPSMap76CS), 2005 (Trimble TSC-1, Garmin GPSMap76CS, GARMIN GPS 3+), 2006-2008 (Trimble TSC-1), 2009-2012 (Trimble Pro XT, Trimble Pro XH) 2013-2018 (Trimble Juno Series 3). Horizontal accuracy varies by instrumentation but is considered to be between 3-5 meters.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    These data were collected by the Natural Resources staff of Assateague Island National Seashore and Maryland Department of Natural Resources staff yearly from 2001 through 2018 and are thought to be an accurate representation of the distribution of seabeach amaranth at the time of survey. The original dataset used the number "0" in place of the letter "n", so the authors attempted to correct/update where this occurred. Caging of plants didn’t begin until 2004, where the field “caged” was added to the dataset. In 2005, the fields "GPS height", "grazed", "area", and "comment" were added to the dataset. In 2009, fields "Class size" and "average area for class" were added. Because of this, data entries prior to those years have been filled with a NoData value (-99999) for these fields. Due to the incomplete, and sometimes confusing nature of some fields, this final dataset does not include the following original fields: "I2", "class size", "average area for class", "comment", "GPS Height", "count", or "total". The original data was collected in NAD 83, but the shapefile was converted to GSC for publication. For consistency, XY values were added to the shapefile dataset, and a final .csv file was exported from this shapefile so it would have both NAD83 UTM and NAD83 GSC units. All fields in the final edited CSV are included in the Shapefile.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    This dataset was collected over 18 years by over 20 National Parks Staff at Assateague Island. Over the course ofthe data collection at least 7 different GPS units were used for recording locations and observations around existing seabeach amaranth plants. As such the expected range of horizontal accuracy will vary from submeter to as much as 10 meters. Methods used for identification and counting of amaranth plants in the field may differ between survey years.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints none
Use_Constraints Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
    Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
    Denver, CO
    US

    1-888-275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? The dataset contains the point shapefile (NPS_AMPU_2001to2018_FieldData.shp and associated files) the data in tabular format (NPS_AMPU_2001to2018_FieldData.csv) for ASIS seabeach field survey data from 2001 to 2018. Additionally, the dataset contains a browse graphic (NPS_AMPU_BrowseGraphic.jpg) and FGDC CSDGM metadata in XML format.
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 10-May-2023
Metadata author:
Rachel E. Henderson
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA

508-548-8700 (voice)
whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
Contact_Instructions:
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS.
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/whcmsc/SB_data_release/DR_P9IZMQ1B/NPS_AMPU_2001to2018_FieldData_metadata.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.51 on Fri May 12 10:09:45 2023