Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 20200318 Title: Seismic Reflection, EdgeTech SB-424 Chirp tracklines collected in the vicinity of Buffalo Reef, Michigan, within Lake Superior during USGS field activity 2018-043-FA, (Esri polyline shapefile, GCS WGS 84) Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9K4HX8V Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K4HX8V Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5ddeaf7ee4b04a30051b8b2d Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Brian D. Andrews Originator: Walter A. Barnhardt Originator: David S. Foster Originator: Barry J. Irwin Originator: Alex R. Nichols Publication_Date: 2020 Title: High-resolution geophysical data collected in the vicinity of Buffalo Reef, Michigan, within Lake Superior, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2018-043-FA Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9K4HX8V Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation:Andrews, B.D., Barnhardt, W.A., Foster, D.S., Irwin, B.J., and Nichols, A.R., 2020, High-resolution geophysical data collected in the vicinity of Buffalo Reef, Michigan, within Lake Superior U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2018-043-FA: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K4HX8V Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K4HX8V Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5ddbd93ce4b06957976a56a8 Description: Abstract: In September 2018, the U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, conducted high-resolution geophysical mapping and sediment sampling to determine the distribution of historical mine tailings on the floor of Lake Superior. Large amounts of waste material from copper mining, locally known as “stamp sands,” were dumped into the lake in the early 20th century, with wide-reaching consequences that have continued into the present. Mapping was focused offshore of the town of Gay on the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan, where ongoing erosion and re-deposition of the stamp sands has buried miles of native, white-sand beaches. Stamp sands are also encroaching onto Buffalo Reef, a large area of cobble/boulder substrate that supports productive fisheries in the lake. The objectives of this cooperative mapping project are to develop a framework for scientific research and provide baseline information required for management of resources within the coastal zone of northern Michigan. High-resolution bathymetry and backscatter data reveal the irregular topography of the shallow, cobble-covered Buffalo Reef and the relatively smooth surface of finer-grained sediment that covers adjacent, deeper parts of the lake floor. Previous research used numerous sediment samples to determine the general distribution of mine tailings on the lake floor in this area, but little information exists on the extent and thickness of the surficial deposits. The main priority of this project is to image the near-surface stratigraphy, specifically the thickness of surficial sand and mud that threaten to cover the reef, with seismic-reflection profiling systems. In addition to continuous coverage of bathymetric and backscatter data, this report includes a dense grid of closely spaced seismic profiles, which will guide efforts to mitigate the environmental impacts of the shifting stamp sands. Purpose: This dataset contains trackline navigation for approximately 272 km of chirp seismic-reflection data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during cruise 2018-043-FA along Traverse Bay, Lake Superior. This information allows for spatial correlation of chirp seismic-reflection profiles images with other geophysical and sample data for investigating lake-floor morphology and stratigraphy in the area. Supplemental_Information: Additional information on the field activity is available from https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2018-043-FA. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20180918 Ending_Date: 20180925 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.239889 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.132397 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.225725 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.152425 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:5ddeaf7ee4b04a30051b8b2d Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: location Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: Department of the Interior Theme_Keyword: DOI Theme_Keyword: field activity number 2018-043-FA Theme_Keyword: R/V Rafael Theme_Keyword: shapefile Theme_Keyword: trackline navigation Theme_Keyword: seismic navigation Theme_Keyword: seismic reflection Theme_Keyword: seismic profile Theme_Keyword: chirp Theme_Keyword: Edgetech Theme_Keyword: SB-424 Theme_Keyword: Lacustrine Geology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: seismic reflection methods Theme_Keyword: geophysics Theme_Keyword: geology Theme_Keyword: navigational data Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: United States of America Place_Keyword: State of Michigan Place_Keyword: Keweenaw County Place_Keyword: Houghton County Place_Keyword: Lake Superior Place_Keyword: Buffalo Reef Place_Keyword: Traverse Bay Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Stratum_Keyword: lake floor Stratum_Keyword: lakefloor Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Temporal_Keyword: 2018 Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely re-distributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: David S. Foster Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: Massachusetts Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2271 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dfoster@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5ddeaf7ee4b04a30051b8b2d?name=2018-043-FA_Edgetech424_Tracklines_browse.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Thumbnail image of chirp seismic-reflection tracklines from Lake superior, Michigan. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: Chirp seismic-reflection profile data were collected on 9/18/2018 (JD261) between 13:45 and 19:38 (UTC), 9/19/18 (JD262 between 13:21 and 20:48 (UTC), 9/22/2018 (JD265) between 13:01 and 21:50 (UTC), 9/25/2018 (JD268) between 12:40 and 21:26 (UTC) . Line numbering begins with l1f1 and ends with l59f1. There are four transit lines named transit1, transit2, transit2f1, and transit3. There is a starting shot point (30) and ending shot point (x) with even 500-shot intervals in the shapefile for each seismic trackline. The CSV file contains unique shot point navigation. No duplicate navigation fixes exist for multiple shots. The attribute field 'ImageName' lists the PNG profile image included in "2018-043-FA_Edgetech424_Images.zip" (available from the larger work citation) that corresponds to each line feature. One image exists for each feature. Completeness_Report: Data were not collected on the following dates because of weather: September 20-21 (JD263-264). Sections of tracklines where navigation was recorded but no seismic data were logged are not included such as during testing, some turns, and very short files. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The EdgeTech SB-424 subbottom profiler was towed from a port side davit on the R/V Rafael with the transducer approximately 2 meters below the water line, and 8.5 meters astern of the DGPS antenna mounted atop the port side of the cabin roof. Navigation data for the SB-424 were collected using a Hemisphere Differential GPS (DGPS) receiver. Positioning data were recorded using Chesapeake Technology SonarWiz (v 6.05.0011) acquisition software, which logged positioning coordinates to individual trace headers SEG-Y format. DGPS horizontal positional accuracy is assumed to be within 2 m; the layback position of the transducer relative to the DGPS antenna was accounted for during processing. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: unpublished material Title: SB-424 trackline data Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Type_of_Source_Media: disc Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20180918 Ending_Date: 20180925 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: SEG-Y SB-424 data Source_Contribution: Chirp seismic data were collected using an EdgeTech 3100 portable sub-bottom profiling system and an SB-424 towfish (4-24 kHz), which was towed from a port side davit on the R/V Rafael with the transducer approximately 2 m below the water line, and 8.5 meters astern of the DGPS antenna mounted atop the port side of the cabin. Chesapeake Technology SonarWiz (version 6.05.0011) seismic acquisition software was used to control the 3100 topside unit, digitally log trace data in the SEG-Y Rev. 1 format (IEEE floating point), and record GPS navigation coordinates to the SEG-Y trace headers (in arc seconds of Latitude and Longitude, multiplied by a scalar of 360000). Data were acquired using a 250 milliseconds (ms) shot rate, a 5-ms pulse length, and a 4 to 24 kHz frequency sweep at 30 to 50 percent power. Traces were recorded with a 23-microsecond sample interval over lengths of approximately 100 ms. Process_Step: Process_Description: PROCESS STEP 1: SIOSEIS (version 2015.3.1), Shearwater Reveal (version 4.1-01-31-2018), and Seismic Unix (version 4.2) were used to process SEG-Y data, create navigation files, and plot images. The processing flow and scripts used to produce navigation files including trackline shapefiles are summarized below and in the following processing steps. 1) SIOSEIS was used to read the raw SEG-Y files, extract the envelope-detected trace, renumber shots starting from one, and write out new SEG-Y files. 2) Reveal was use to run the following flows: A) read_segy.flow - SegyTapeRead read the traces. HeaderMath and UTMLatLong were used to convert the source lat/lon positions from seconds of arc to decimal degrees, project them to UTM Zone 16N WGS 84 meters, and write each to new header words (NRP_LAT, NRP_LON, NRP_X, and NRP_Y). DBWrite wrote the UTM positions for the first channel of each FFID to an internal Reveal database table. Finally, Output wrote the traces to a new file "*.sht-raw.seis" in the internal OpenCPS format. B) layback_shift.flow - Input read the "*.seis" file and sorted the traces to FFID/CHANNEL. The custom Python module ShotlineLayback (developed by Nathan Miller of USGS-WHCMSC) was used to define the measured horizontal offset between the DGPS antenna and the SB-424 transducer (-8.5 m). The algorithm interpolated a sail line from the source shot positions (NRP_X and NRP_Y), then computed layback positions for the SB-424 shots by translating them back along the sail by the measured offset. ApplyStatic was used to shift the traces down by 2.7 ms to account for the approximate 2 m tow depth of the SB-424 (the sound speed of 1500 m/s. Output wrote the shifted traces to a new SEG-Y files in which the trace header words SRC_X, SRC_Y represent the calculated layback coordinates, and REC_X, REC_Y maintain the original DGPS coordinates. 3) The SIOSEIS script read424 was used to read layback and static corrected SEG-Y files, write a Seismic Unix file, and extract SEG-Y trace header information, including shot number, pre-layback and layback longitude and latitude, year, Julian day, and time of day (UTC). Header information from each SEG-Y file was saved to text files after an AWK (no version) filter was used to maintain the first and last shots, shots at multiples of 100, 500, and shots with unique navigation coordinates. Geographic coordinates (WGS 84) were converted to UTM zone 16 N coordinates (WGS 84) using Proj (version 4.9.3). End shots and shots at multiples of 100 may not have unique navigation coordinates. Separate text files containing the first and last shots and even 500 shot intervals were also saved. A 500 shot interval was chosen because it corresponds to the annotation interval provided along the top of the seismic-reflection profile images. Read424 called a Python script 424inlbtoSQL18043.py, written by Wayne Baldwin (USGS-WHCMSC), which imported the CSV files to a Spatialite (version 4.3.0) enabled SQLite (version 3) database, creating two tables containing point geometries for the unique and 500 shot interval navigation. The script also created line geometries from the unique navigation (sorted by LineName and Shot) and wrote them to an additional database table. The tracklines are based on all the shot navigation. These process steps and all subsequent process steps were conducted by the same person - David Foster. Process_Date: 201809 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: David S. Foster Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2271 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dfoster@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: PROCESS STEP 2: The SB-424 trackline features were added (Add Data) into ArcMap (version 10.3.1) from the SQLite database, then exported (Right click on database feature class >Data> Export Data) to the new Esri polyline shapefile 2018-043-FA_Edgetech424_Tracklines.shp Process_Date: 201909 Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20200807 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Changed the distribution format name from digital data to shapefile to better represent the data. Changed the series issue from a URL to the DOI number. Process_Date: 20210125 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 61 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: WGS 1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS 84 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2018-043-FA_Edgetech424_Tracklines Entity_Type_Definition: SB-424 tracklines for survey 2018-043-FA in Lake Superior, Michigan. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: LineName Attribute_Definition: Name of the trackline along which seismic-reflection data were collected in the format: LineNumberFileNumber (i.e.'l1f1_s'). Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set Attribute: Attribute_Label: ImageName Attribute_Definition: PNG image name of seismic-reflection profile corresponding to survey line. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shot_init Attribute_Definition: Shot number at the start of the survey line. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 30 Range_Domain_Maximum: 30 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: shot Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shot_end Attribute_Definition: Shot number at the end of the survey line. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 635 Range_Domain_Maximum: 15845 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: shot Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Year Attribute_Definition: Calendar year the data were collected Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set Attribute: Attribute_Label: JD_UTC_ini Attribute_Definition: Julian day and UTC time at the start of the survey line in the format: JD:HH:MM:SS; Julian day is the integer number (although recorded here in text string format) representing the interval of time in days since January 1 of the year of collection. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set Attribute: Attribute_Label: JD_UTC_end Attribute_Definition: Julian day and UTC time at the end of the survey line in the format: JD:HH:MM:SS; Julian day is the integer number (although recorded here in text string format) representing the interval of time in days since January 1 of the year of collection. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set Attribute: Attribute_Label: SurveyID Attribute_Definition: WHCMSC field activity identifier (e.g. "2018-043-FA" where 2018 is the survey year, 043 is survey number of that year, and FA is Field Activity). Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set Attribute: Attribute_Label: DeviceID Attribute_Definition: Sonar device used to collect seismic-reflection data. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set Attribute: Attribute_Label: VehicleID Attribute_Definition: Survey vessel name. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set Attribute: Attribute_Label: Length_km Attribute_Definition: Length of seismic-reflection data line in kilometers (UTM Zone 16N, WGS 84) calculated in the SQLite database. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.421 Range_Domain_Maximum: 10.7855 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: kilometers Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Each polyline feature in this shapefile can be hyperlinked to a corresponding PNG image in ArcGIS (see the 2018-043-FA_Edgetech424_Images.zip archive accompanying 2018-043-FA_Edgetech424_Images_meta.xml available from the larger work citation). The fist, last, and multiple of 500 shot features in 2018-043-FA_Edgetech424_500sht.shp (available from the larger work citation) correspond to the x-axis ticks on the PNG images. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: USGS data release 2018-043-FA seismic-reflection trackline data from Lake Superior, Michigan: includes the shapefile 2018-043-FA_Edgetech424_Tracklines.shp, the browse graphic 2018-043-FA_Edgetech424_Tracklines_browse.jpg, and Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM) metadata file 2018-043-FA_Edgetech424_Tracklines_meta.xml. Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: shapefile Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5ddeaf7ee4b04a30051b8b2d Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5ddeaf7ee4b04a30051b8b2d Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K4HX8V Access_Instructions: The first link is to the page containing the data, the second link downloads all data available from the page as a zip file, and the third link is to the publication landing page. Fees: none Technical_Prerequisites: To utilize these data, the user must have software capable of reading shapefile format, or GIS software capable of utilizing web mapping or feature services. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20210125 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: David S. Foster Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2271 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dfoster@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time