Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 20200318 Title: Multibeam bathymetric trackline data collected in the vicinity of Buffalo Reef, Michigan, within Lake Superior during USGS Field Activity 2018-043-FA using a dual-head Reson T20-P multibeam echosounder (Esri polyline shapefile, Geographic, WGS 84). Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9K4HX8V Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K4HX8V Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5ddedb17e4b04a30051d0f92 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Brian D. Andrews Originator: Walter A. Barnhardt Originator: David S. Foster Originator: Barry J. Irwin Originator: Alex R. Nichols Publication_Date: 2020 Title: High-resolution geophysical data collected in the vicinity of Buffalo Reef, Michigan, within Lake Superior, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2018-043-FA Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9K4HX8V Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: Andrews, B.D., Barnhardt, W.A., Foster, D.S., Irwin, B.J., and Nichols, A.R., 2020, High-resolution geophysical data collected in the vicinity of Buffalo Reef, Michigan, within Lake Superior, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2018-043-FA: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K4HX8V Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K4HX8V Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5ddbd93ce4b06957976a56a8 Description: Abstract: In September 2018, the U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, conducted high-resolution geophysical mapping and sediment sampling to determine the distribution of historical mine tailings on the floor of Lake Superior. Large amounts of waste material from copper mining, locally known as “stamp sands,” were dumped into the lake in the early 20th century, with wide-reaching consequences that have continued into the present. Mapping was focused offshore of the town of Gay on the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan, where ongoing erosion and re-deposition of the stamp sands has buried miles of native, white-sand beaches. Stamp sands are also encroaching onto Buffalo Reef, a large area of cobble/boulder substrate that supports productive fisheries in the lake. The objectives of this cooperative mapping project are to develop a framework for scientific research and provide baseline information required for management of resources within the coastal zone of northern Michigan. High-resolution bathymetry and backscatter data reveal the irregular topography of the shallow, cobble-covered Buffalo Reef and the relatively smooth surface of finer-grained sediment that covers adjacent, deeper parts of the lake floor. Previous research used numerous sediment samples to determine the general distribution of mine tailings on the lake floor in this area, but little information exists on the extent and thickness of the surficial deposits. The main priority of this project is to image the near-surface stratigraphy, specifically the thickness of surficial sand and mud that threaten to cover the reef, with seismic-reflection profiling systems. In addition to continuous coverage of bathymetric and backscatter data, this report includes a dense grid of closely spaced seismic profiles, which will guide efforts to mitigate the environmental impacts of the shifting stamp sands. Purpose: The purpose of this polyline shapefile is to provide a geospatial record of the tracklines recorded by the Reson T20-P sonar and to provide the line names and dates in the shapefile attribute table. Supplemental_Information: Data were collected using the R/V Rafael, owned and operated by the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center. Additional information on the field activity is available from https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2018-043-FA Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20180915 Ending_Date: 20180925 Currentness_Reference: data were collected on the following dates: 20180915-20180919 (Julian day 258-262); 20180922 (Julian day 265); 20180925 (Julian day 268). Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.247070 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.122144 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.224536 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.144453 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:5ddedb17e4b04a30051d0f92 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Department of the Interior Theme_Keyword: DOI Theme_Keyword: field activity number 2018-043-FA Theme_Keyword: R/V Rafael Theme_Keyword: tracklines Theme_Keyword: shapefile Theme_Keyword: multibeam echosounder Theme_Keyword: multibeam bathymetry Theme_Keyword: bathymetry Theme_Keyword: Reson Theme_Keyword: T20-P Theme_Keyword: Lacustrine Geology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: multibeam sonar Theme_Keyword: lakebed characteristics Theme_Keyword: bathymetry Theme_Keyword: geophysics Theme_Keyword: geology Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: United States of America Place_Keyword: Michigan Place_Keyword: Keweenaw Peninsula Place_Keyword: Keweenaw County Place_Keyword: Houghton County Place_Keyword: Lake Superior Place_Keyword: Buffalo Reef Place_Keyword: Traverse Bay Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Stratum_Keyword: lake floor Stratum_Keyword: lakefloor Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Temporal_Keyword: 2018 Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely re-distributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. These data are not to be used for navigation. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Brian Andrews Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: Massachusetts Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5ddedb17e4b04a30051d0f92?name=2018-043-FA_ResonT20P_Tracklines_browse.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Thumbnail image of multibeam echosounder tracklines collected within Grand Traverse Bay, Michigan. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: Gaps between the polyline features in this shapefile reflect those time periods where data were not recorded Completeness_Report: Data were not collected on the following dates because of weather: Sept 20-21 (JD263-264), 23-24 (JD266-267). Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Navigation data were acquired using the WGS 84 coordinate system with an Applanix POS MV Wavemaster (model 220, V5), which blends Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) with acceleration data from a Motion Reference Unit (MRU) and GPS azimuthal heading. The POS MV was configured with two AeroAntenna Technologies GPS antennas located at either end of a 2-m baseline, which was oriented fore and aft and mounted atop the MBES pole, approximately midships on the starboard side of the R/V Rafael. DGPS positions were obtained from the primary antenna located on the forward end of the baseline, and the positional offsets between the antenna and the navigational reference point (the POS MV IMU) were accounted for in the Applanix POSView (version 8.60) acquisition software. DGPS positions are horizontally accurate to 0.5 - 2 meters, but accuracy can increase to less than 10 cm after post-processing with Applanix POSPac (version 8.1). Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: Unpublished Material Title: raw MBES data in s7k format Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital data Type_of_Source_Media: disc Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20180915 Ending_Date: 20180925 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: RAW RESON T20-P MULTIBEAM ECHOSOUNDER FILES Source_Contribution: Multibeam echosounder (MBES) bathymetry and backscatter data were collected using dual-head Reson T20-P sonars. The pair of mills cross transmit and receive arrays were mounted side-by-side within a bracket that oriented them at opposing 30-degree angles (relative to horizontal). The bracket was pole-mounted on the starboard side of the R/V Rafael so that the sonar arrays were oriented athwart ships (primary and secondary arrays facing outward and down to port and starboard, respectively) and located approximately 1.235 m below the waterline when deployed. Vessel navigation and attitude data were acquired using an Applanix POS MV Wavemaster (model 220, V5) configured with two AeroAntenna Technologies GPS antennas located at either end of a 2-m baseline, which was oriented fore and aft and mounted atop the MBES pole approximately midships on the starboard side of vessel, and the wetpod MRU mounted atop the sonar bracket just aft of the pole. An AML Micro X SV mounted on the sonar bracket monitored sound speed near the sonars during acquisition, and an AML Minos X SVPT was used to collect water column sound speed profiles 1 to 3 times each survey day (See shapefile 2018-043-FA_SVPdata.shp available from the larger work citation). The Reson SeaBat User Interface (version 5.0.0.6) was used to control the sonars, which were operated in intermediate mode at full power (220 db), with frequency-modulated pulses between 200 to 300 kHz. The range of the 1024 across track beams formed by the sonars were adjusted manually depending on water depth, and resulted in combined swath widths of 50 to 250 meters or typically 3 to 6 times the water depth. Data were monitored and recorded using the Reson SeaBat User Interface (UI) (version 5.0.0.6) and Hypack/Hysweep (v. 2018). The SeaBat User Interface logged the navigation, attitude, bathymetry, time-series backscatter, and water column data to s7k format files for each sonar. The line files were created by the Reson UI using the following naming convention: YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS_M/S. The line files were appended with an "M" and "S" suffix to denote the port (or primary) "M" and "S" starboard (or secondary) sonar heads Process_Step: Process_Description: PROCESSING STEP 1: CARIS HIPS DATA PROCESSING. Multibeam bathymetry processing within CARIS HIPS (version 10.4) during the survey consisted of the following flow: 1) Vessel configuration files were created in CARIS for the port ("M"=main, or primary) and starboard ("S"=secondary) sonars (RVRafael_DualT20P_M.hvf, and RVRafael_DualT20P_S.hvf) which includes, linear and angular installation offsets for each T20-P unit as well as vendor specified uncertainty values for each of the survey sensors. 2) A CARIS HIPS project (version 10.4) was created with projection information set to Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 16N, WGS 84. Separate HIPS projects were created for the Port (M), and Starboard (S) line files using the two vessel configuration files in #1 above. 3) Each Reson s7k file (M and S) was imported to the new CARIS projects (M and S respectively) using the Import/Conversion Wizard. 4) Delayed heave data from raw POS MV files were used to update HIPS survey lines using the import auxiliary data function. 5) Navigation was reviewed and edited as needed using the Navigation Editor tool. 6) Sound velocity correction was applied using the CARIS algorithm, a master SVP file containing all the sound velocity profiles collected during the survey and specifying the nearest in distance method, delayed heave source, and use surface sound speed. 7) Data were merged selecting no tide and the delayed heave source. 8) 2-m resolution Swath Angle Weighted (SWATH) surfaces were created to incorporate all the files (M and S) as they were processed, and the SWATH surfaces were reviewed for inconsistencies and anomalies. 9) The swath and subset editors were used to remove spurious points through manual editing and filter application, and the refraction editor was used to adjust sound speed values in areas where velocimeter data did not adequately correct depth profiles, which were obviously influenced by local anomalies in speed of sound through the water column. 10) Survey lines adjusted for refraction anomalies were remerged, and the respective SWATH surfaces were recomputed to reflect the changes. Processing during the survey was primarily focused on QA/QC during acquisition. Editing processes did require trial and error, and were at times iterative. The contact person for this and all subsequent processing steps below is Brian Andrews. Process_Date: 201809 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Brian Andrews Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: PROCESSING STEP 2: APPLY POST PROCESSED SBET FILES AND EDIT SOUNDINGS. Post-survey processing within CARIS HIPS (version 10.4) consisted of the following flow: 1) Post-processed navigation, vessel attitude, and GPS height data from POSPac Smoothed Best Estimate of Trajectory (SBET) files, and post-processed RMS attitude error data from POSPac smrmsg files were used to update HIPS survey lines using the import auxiliary data function. 2) Navigation source was set to Applanix SBET, and navigation was reviewed and edited as needed using the Navigation Editor tool. 3) GPS tide was computed using delayed heave data, the vessel water line, and a single datum value of 0 m (vertically referencing the data to the WGS 84 Ellipsoid). 4) Sound velocity correction was reapplied using the CARIS algorithm, the master SVP file containing all the sound velocity profiles collected during the survey and specifying the nearest in time method, delayed heave source, and use surface sound speed. 5) Data were remerged selecting the GPS tide and delayed heave sources. 6) 2-m resolution SWATH surfaces using both the M and S files were created using the Swath Angle method and a maximum footprint of 9. 7) Additional editing was conducted using the swath and subset editors to minimize inconsistencies and artifacts, and the SWATH surface was recomputed to reflect the changes. Finally, small "no data" holidays were filled using the "Fill Raster Holiday" tool and a 5x5 cell filter using data from a minimum of 5 neighboring cells. Process_Date: 201901 Process_Step: Process_Description: PROCESSSING STEP 3: CONVERT HIPS NAVIGATION TO SHAPEFILE The HIPS tracklines for the "M" (port head) sonar were converted to a Esri shapefile using two steps. Step 1-in HIPS, select all the "M" lines and export, HIPS and SIPS data, HIPS to HOB. Step 2- Using CARIS conversion utility (v. 2.1) the HOB file was converted to and Esri Shapefile. During the conversion process, the name of the HIPS line file "LineName" and "Date" were carried over. Once the shapefile was converted new attributes "DeviceID", SurveyID, and "VesselID" were created and populated using ArcGIS Pro (v. 2.4) Process_Date: 201911 Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20200807 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Changed the series issue from a URL to the DOI number. Process_Date: 20210125 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: string Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 138 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2018-043-FA_ResonT20P_Tracklines Entity_Type_Definition: T20P multibeam echosounder tracklines for survey 2018-043-FA in Lake Superior, Michigan. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: LineName Attribute_Definition: Reson SeaBat User Interface s7k filename for the T20-P MBES trackline in the format: UTC start date and time (YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS format, i.e. '20171008_154610'). The actual files names for the primary sonar have a'M_'prefix. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set Attribute: Attribute_Label: Date Attribute_Definition: Calendar date of the day the line was acquired using the format YYYYMMDD. where YYYY is the year, MM is the month, and DD is the day of the month. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set Attribute: Attribute_Label: SurveyID Attribute_Definition: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (WHCMSC) field activity identifier (e.g. "2018-043-FA" where 2018 is the survey year, 043 is survey number of that year, and FA is Field Activity). Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set Attribute: Attribute_Label: VehicleID Attribute_Definition: Survey vessel name. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set Attribute: Attribute_Label: DeviceID Attribute_Definition: Sonar device used to collect MBES data. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape_Leng Attribute_Definition: Length of swath data line in meters (UTM Zone 16N, WGS 84). Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 7.28 Range_Domain_Maximum: 9,652.11 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Denver Federal Center Address: Building 810 Address: Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Multibeam Echosounder navigation data collected in the vicinity of Buffalo Reef, Michigan, within Lake Superior during USGS Field Activity 2018-043-FA using a dual-head Reson T20-P multibeam echosounder: includes the shapefile 2018-043-FA_T20P_Tracklines.shp, the browse graphic 2018-043-FA_T20P_Tracklines_browse.jpg, and Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM) metadata files (2018-043-FA_T20P_Tracklines.meta.xml). Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS Pro (v. 2.3) Format_Specification: Shapefile Format_Information_Content: Shapefile of MBES bathymetry tracklines collected by the U.S. Geological Survey - Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center in Lake Superior and the associated metadata. File_Decompression_Technique: Use WinZip, 7zip, Peazip or pkUnzip Transfer_Size: 126 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5ddedb17e4b04a30051d0f92 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5ddedb17e4b04a30051d0f92 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K4HX8V Access_Instructions: The first link is to the page containing the data, the second link downloads all data available from the page as a zip file, and the third link is to the publication landing page. Fees: none Technical_Prerequisites: To utilize these data, the user must have software capable of viewing an Esri shapefile. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20210125 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Brian Andrews Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2348 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time