Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 20200318 Title: Sediment sample locations and analysis collected in the vicinity of Buffalo Reef, Michigan, within Lake Superior during USGS Field Activity 2018-043-FA (Microsoft Excel file). Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9K4HX8V Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K4HX8V Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5ddeb557e4b04a30051bc4cc Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Brian D. Andrews Originator: Walter A. Barnhardt Originator: David S. Foster Originator: Barry J. Irwin Originator: Alex R. Nichols Publication_Date: 2020 Title: High-resolution geophysical data collected in the vicinity of Buffalo Reef, Michigan, within Lake Superior, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2018-043-FA Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9K4HX8V Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: Andrews, B.D., Barnhardt, W.A., Foster, D.S., Irwin, B.J., and Nichols, A.R., 2020, High-resolution geophysical data collected in the vicinity of Buffalo Reef, Michigan, within Lake Superior, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2018-043-FA: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K4HX8V . Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K4HX8V Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5ddeb557e4b04a30051bc4cc Description: Abstract: In September 2018, the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (WHCMSC), in collaboration with the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), conducted high-resolution geophysical mapping and sediment sampling to determine the distribution of historical mine tailings on the floor of Lake Superior. Large amounts of waste material from copper mining, locally known as “stamp sands”, were dumped into the laFke in the early 20th century, with wide-reaching consequences that have continued into the present day. Mapping was focused offshore of the town of Gay on the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan, where ongoing erosion and re-deposition of the stamp sands has buried miles of native, white-sand beaches and is steadily encroaching south onto Buffalo Reef, a large area of cobble/boulder substrate that supports productive fisheries in the lake. The objectives of this cooperative mapping project are to develop a framework for scientific research and provide baseline information required for management of resources within the coastal zone of northern Michigan. High resolution bathymetry and backscatter data reveal the irregular topography of the shallow, cobble-covered Buffalo Reef, and the relatively smooth, finer-grained sediment that covers adjacent, deeper parts of the lake floor. Previous research used numerous sediment samples to determine the general distribution of mine tailings on the lake floor in this area, but little information existed on the extent and thickness of the surficial deposits. The main priority of this project is to image the near-surface stratigraphy, specifically the surficial sand and mud that threaten to cover the reef, with seismic-reflection profiling systems. In addition to continuous coverage of bathymetric and backscatter data, this report includes a dense grid of closely spaced seismic profiles, which will guide efforts to mitigate the impacts on Buffalo Reef from contamination by the shifting stamp sands. Purpose: These sediment samples analyzed for grain-size composition are a primary dataset used to describe the surficial geological substrates present in the study area. Supplemental_Information: Data were collected using the R/V Rafael, owned and operated by the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center. Additional information on the field activity is available from https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2018-043-FA Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20180926 Ending_Date: 20180926 Currentness_Reference: Ground Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.235681 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.149709 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.212700 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.161406 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:5ddeb557e4b04a30051bc4cc Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Department of the Interior Theme_Keyword: DOI Theme_Keyword: field activity number 2018-043-FA Theme_Keyword: R/V Rafael Theme_Keyword: Sedimemt Sample Theme_Keyword: Lacustrine Geology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: location Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: grab sampling Theme_Keyword: lakebed characteristics Theme_Keyword: grain-size analysis Theme_Keyword: geophysics Theme_Keyword: geology Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: United States of America Place_Keyword: Michigan Place_Keyword: Keweenaw Peninsula Place_Keyword: Keweenaw County Place_Keyword: Houghton County Place_Keyword: Lake Superior Place_Keyword: Buffalo Reef Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Stratum_Keyword: lake floor Stratum_Keyword: lakefloor Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Temporal_Keyword: 2018 Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely re-distributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. These data are not to be used for navigation. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Brian Andrews Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: Massachusetts Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5ddeb557e4b04a30051bc4cc?name=2018-043-FA_SedimentSamples_browse.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Browse graphic of the sediment sample locations collected in the vicinity of Buffalo Reef, Michigan. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: This is the final Microsoft Excel spreadsheet returned to the submitting researcher after analysis in the Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center sediment analysis laboratory. These data were checked but no modifications or corrections have been made to the file. Completeness_Report: completeness report text here Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Navigation for survey 2018-043-FA used Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). The DGPS was set to receive fixes at a one-second interval in geographic coordinates (World Geodetic System of 1984 [WGS 84]).The recorded position of each sediment sample is the position of the DGPS antenna on the survey vessel, located on the aft of the R/V Rafael's cabin just port of the centerline, not the location of the sampler. The sampler was deployed approximately 2 meters to the starboard side of the DGPS antenna. No layback or offset was applied to the recorded position. In addition to the +/- 2-meter offset, the sampler may drift away from the survey vessel when deployed to the sea floor. Based on the various sources of horizontal offsets, a conservative estimate of the horizontal accuracy of the sediment sample locations is 2-4 meters. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The depths recorded for each sample were recorded at the time the sampler was on the bottom using the vessel's depth sounder Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Samples submitted to the sediment analysis laboratory for grain size analysis using the Beckman Coulter Multisizer3 and sieving of the ≥ 4 phi fraction are assigned unique analysis identifiers (ANALYSIS_ID), and a macro-enabled Microsoft Excel data entry spreadsheet (GrainSizeWorksheet_WB01.xlsm, where WB01 is the batch number assigned to the sample submission) is created to record the measurement data. About 50 grams of wet sediment are placed in a pre-weighed beaker, weighed, oven dried at 100°C, and reweighed to correct for salt. The dried sample is wet sieved through a 0.062 mm (No. 230) sieve. The coarse fraction remaining in the sieve is oven dried at 100°C (until completely dried) and weighed. The fine fraction in water is collected in a plastic Nalgene bottle and sealed with a screw lid (stored for no longer than one week). The coarse fraction is dry sieved to determine the individual weights of the 4 to -5 phi fractions, and the weights are recorded in the data entry spreadsheet. At the request of the submitter, shell and shell fragments can be manually removed from the -2 phi and coarser fractions, weighed and their weights are recorded in the data entry spreadsheet. The fine fraction is run and combined using the 200 μm and 30 μm Coulter analyses using the Multisizer3 software to get the fine fraction grain size distribution. The fine fraction distribution data are added to the data entry spreadsheet. The spreadsheet is used to calculate a continuous phi class distribution from the original fractions. Process_Date: 20190305 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Allison Paquette Contact_Position: Integrated Statistics contractor to the U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2277 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: apaquette@contractor.usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Continuous phi class distribution from the original fractions are transposed to the "results" tab in the macro-enabled Microsoft Excel data entry workbook (GrainSizeWorksheet_WB01.xlsm, where WB01 is the identifier assigned to the sample submission). Macros in the workbook ("GS_statistics" and "sedimentname") are run to calculate grain size classification and statistical analyses and finish processing the data. Sample, navigation, and field identifiers, along with continuous phi class distribution data, grain size classification, and statistical analysis results are copied and pasted into a final Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (WB01_GS-MS_results.xlsx, where WB01 is the batch number assigned to the sample submission). The processed data are quality control checked and assigned a quality grade based on the examination of the analytical data. Processed data are released to the submitter and incorporated into the laboratory's database. All raw analytical data generated by the samples are archived in the sediment analysis laboratory. Process_Date: 20190718 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Brian Buczkowski Contact_Position: Physical Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2361 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bbuczkowski@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20200807 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Changed the series issue from a URL to the DOI number. Process_Date: 20210125 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 20 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Depth_System_Definition: Depth_Datum_Name: Local surface Depth_Resolution: 1 Depth_Distance_Units: meters Depth_Encoding_Method: Attribute values Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: WB01_GS-MS_results.xlsx Entity_Type_Definition: Data spreadsheet containing the grain size analysis results for sample submission WB01_GS-MS, analyzed using the Beckman Coulter Multisizer3 and sieving of the ≥ 4 phi fraction. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: ANALYSIS_ID Attribute_Definition: An identifier for the sample which is unique to the database. This identifier begins with the assigned multi-letter code GS-, which corresponds to the type of analysis performed on the sample (grain size analysis), followed by a six digit number assigned sequentially as samples are registered for analysis. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set Attribute: Attribute_Label: FIELD_NO Attribute_Definition: The identification value assigned to the sample at the time of collection. This varies from field activity to field activity and the ID can contain any combination of letters and numbers. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set Attribute: Attribute_Label: PROJECT Attribute_Definition: Name of project or project number under which samples were taken or data generated; sometimes project name indicates a more specific area. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set Attribute: Attribute_Label: FA_ID Attribute_Definition: The serial number assigned to the dataset field activity from which the sample belongs. This value is in the format YYYY-XXX-FA where YYYY is the year, XXX is the number assigned to the activity within the year, and FA indicates Field Activity. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set Attribute: Attribute_Label: CONTACT Attribute_Definition: Name of Principal investigator or chief scientist responsible for data collection, or researcher submitting samples for analysis (usually first initial and last name). Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set Attribute: Attribute_Label: AREA Attribute_Definition: General geographic area of data collection. Name is general enough to easily locate area on a map. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set Attribute: Attribute_Label: LATITUDE Attribute_Definition: Latitude coordinate, in decimal-degrees, of sample location. South latitude recorded as negative values. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 47.212700 Range_Domain_Maximum: 47.161406 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.0000001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: LONGITUDE Attribute_Definition: Longitude coordinate, in decimal degrees, of sample location. West longitude is recorded as negative values. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -88.235681 Range_Domain_Maximum: -88.160144 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.00000001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: DEPTH_M Attribute_Definition: Measured depth of water overlying sediment at sample time, generally not corrected for tides, in meters. Entries with no depth indicated are left blank. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 5.07 Range_Domain_Maximum: 36.63 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: T_DEPTH Attribute_Definition: Top depth of the sample below the sediment-water interface, in centimeters. Entries with no depth indicated are left blank. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: centimeters Attribute: Attribute_Label: B_DEPTH Attribute_Definition: Bottom depth of the sample below the sediment-water interface, in centimeters. Entries with no depth indicated are left blank. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 5 Range_Domain_Maximum: 5 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: centimeter Attribute: Attribute_Label: DEVICE Attribute_Definition: Device used to collect the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Van Veen grab Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Collection device name provided by the sample submitter. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: DATE_COLLECTED Attribute_Definition: Calendar date indicating when the sample was collected in the format MM/DD/YYYY where DD is the day of the month, MM is the numeric month, and YYYY is the year. Entries with no date indicated are left blank. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set Attribute: Attribute_Label: ANALYSIS_COMPLETION_DATE Attribute_Definition: Calendar date indicating when analyses on the sample were completed in the format MM/DD/YYYY where DD is the day of the month, MM is the numeric month, and YYYY is the year. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set Attribute: Attribute_Label: WEIGHT Attribute_Definition: Weight of initial sample in grams. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 50.927 Range_Domain_Maximum: 175.426 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: grams Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .0001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: GRAVEL_PCT Attribute_Definition: Gravel content in percent dry weight of the sample (particles with nominal diameters greater than 2 mm; -1 phi and larger). Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 19.150 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .0001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: SAND_PCT Attribute_Definition: Sand content in percent dry weight of the sample (particles with nominal diameters less than 2 mm, but greater than or equal to 0.0625 mm; 0 phi through 4 phi). Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 73.138 Range_Domain_Maximum: 100.053 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .0001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: SILT_PCT Attribute_Definition: Silt content in percent dry weight of the sample (particles with nominal diameters less than 0.0625 mm, but greater than or equal to 0.004 mm; 5 phi through 8 phi, inclusive). Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.052 Range_Domain_Maximum: 18.136 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .0001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: CLAY_PCT Attribute_Definition: Clay content in percent dry weight of the sample (particles with nominal diameters less than 0.004 mm; 9 phi and smaller). Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.030 Range_Domain_Maximum: 6.674 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .0001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: CLASSIFICATION Attribute_Definition: Sediment classification - Sediment description based on a rigorous definition, usually Shepard (1954) as modified by Schlee and Webster (1967), Schlee (1973), and Poppe and others (2005). Attribute_Definition_Source: modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: GRAVELLY SEDIMENT Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: gravel equal to or greater than 10 percent, but less than 50 percent Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: SAND Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: sand equal to or greater than 75 percent Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: SILTY SAND Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: sand less than 75 percent and equal to or greater than 50 percent, silt greater than clay, and clay less than 20 percent Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary Attribute: Attribute_Label: MEDIAN Attribute_Definition: Diameter at which 50% of the sample mass is comprised of sediment particles with a diameter less than this value and 50% is larger; middle point in the grain size distribution in phi units. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0125 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.112 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: phi Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: MEAN Attribute_Definition: Average value in the grain size distribution in phi units. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.106 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.543 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: phi Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: STDEV Attribute_Definition: Standard deviation (root mean square of the deviations) of the grain size distribution in phi units (sorting). Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.564 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.305 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: phi Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: SKEWNESS Attribute_Definition: Skewness (deviation from symmetrical form) of the grain size distribution in phi units. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.956 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.310 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: phi Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: KURTOSIS Attribute_Definition: Kurtosis (degree of curvature near the mode) of the grain size distribution in phi units. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -15.256 Range_Domain_Maximum: 29.862 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: phi Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_13 Attribute_Definition: 13 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 13 phi fraction and smaller (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.000125 mm, less than 0.00025 mm); fine clay. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: NULL Range_Domain_Maximum: NULL Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_12 Attribute_Definition: 12 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 12 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.00025 mm, but less than 0.0005 mm); fine clay. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: NULL Range_Domain_Maximum: NULL Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_11 Attribute_Definition: 11 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 11 phi fraction and smaller (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.0005 mm, but less than 0.001 mm); fine clay. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.002 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.593 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_10 Attribute_Definition: 10 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 10 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.001 mm, but less than 0.002 mm); medium clay. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.024 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.310 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_9 Attribute_Definition: 9 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 9 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.002 mm, but less than 0.004 mm); coarse clay. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.005 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.771 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_8 Attribute_Definition: 8 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 8 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.004 mm, but less than 0.008 mm); very fine silt. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.007 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.491 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_7 Attribute_Definition: 7 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 7 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.008 mm, but less than 0.016 mm); fine silt. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.01 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.94 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_6 Attribute_Definition: 6 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 6 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.016 mm, but less than 0.031 mm); medium silt. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.012 Range_Domain_Maximum: 9.957 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_5 Attribute_Definition: 5 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 5 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.031 mm, but less than 0.0625 mm); coarse silt. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.025 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.952 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_4 Attribute_Definition: 4 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 4 phi fraction (nominal diameters of particles greater than or equal to .0625 mm, but less than 0.125 mm); very fine sand. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.043 Range_Domain_Maximum: 54.418 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_3 Attribute_Definition: 3 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 3 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.125 mm, but less than 0.25 mm); fine sand. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.693 Range_Domain_Maximum: 73.659 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_2 Attribute_Definition: 2 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 2 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.25 mm, but less than 0.5 mm); medium sand. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.654 Range_Domain_Maximum: 64.667 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_1 Attribute_Definition: 1 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 1 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, but less than 1 mm); coarse sand. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.109 Range_Domain_Maximum: 62.862 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_0 Attribute_Definition: 0 phi: weight percent of the sample in the 0 phi fraction (nominal diameters of particles greater than or equal to 1 mm, but less than 2 mm); very coarse sand. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.025 Range_Domain_Maximum: 25.544 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_-1 Attribute_Definition: -1 phi: weight percent of the sample in the -1 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 2 mm, but less than 4 mm); very fine pebbles (granules). Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 7.897 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_-2 Attribute_Definition: -2 phi: weight percent of the sample in the -2 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 4 mm, but less than 8 mm); fine pebbles. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 13.574 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_-3 Attribute_Definition: -3 phi: weight percent of the sample in the -3 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 8 mm, but less than 16 mm); medium pebbles. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_-4 Attribute_Definition: -4 phi: weight percent of the sample in the -4 phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 16 mm, but less than 32 mm); coarse pebbles. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_-5 Attribute_Definition: -5 phi: weight percent of the sample in the -5 phi fraction and larger (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 32 mm, but less than 64 mm); very coarse pebbles. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: .001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: ANALYST Attribute_Definition: Name (usually first, middle, and last initials) of person who performed the grain size or physical properties analysis. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: ARP Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Allison R. Paquette Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: QUALITY GRADE Attribute_Definition: Samples are assigned a quality grade based on the examination of the analytical data. Data quality grades may be determined by several factors, and any comments or notes that indicate the data for a particular sample may be suspect are included in the results table for that sample under "comments". Quality grades for sample data that do not have any additional comments are assigned based on the calculated percent difference between the weights of the coarse fraction remaining after wet sieving and the sum of all of the weighed fractions after dry sieving the coarse fraction, indicating an estimated differing amount of material which could skew the calculated grain size results: A = percent differences between 0% and ±1.5%, B = percent differences between ±1.5% and ±3%, C = percent differences between ±3% and ±4.5%, and D = percent differences greater than ±4.5%. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Quality grade: A Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: A = percent differences between 0% and +- 1.5% Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Quality grade: B Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: B = percent differences between ±1.5% and ±3% Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Quality grade: C Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: C = percent differences between ±3% and ±4.5% Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Quality grade: D Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: D = percent differences greater than ±4.5% Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Quality grade analyst: BB Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Brian Buczkowski Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Quality grade analyst: BJB Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Brian J. Buczkowski Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: QA/QC COMMENTS Attribute_Definition: Relevant comments on analytical observations or anomalies that may affect the quality of the data. Entries with no comments are left blank. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: CSV Format_Version_Number: MS Excel Format_Information_Content: The zip file contains the sediment sample analysis in CSV format, along with the FGDC CSDGM metadata. Transfer_Size: 1 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5ddeb557e4b04a30051bc4cc Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5ddeb557e4b04a30051bc4cc Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K4HX8V Access_Instructions: The first link is to download the data in a zip file. The second and third links are to the landing page of the data. Although the last two links go to the same place, one is the DOI designation of the publication. Fees: none Technical_Prerequisites: The zip file contains data in CSV forma. The user must have software capable of uncompressing the zip file and reading the data formats. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20210125 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Brian Buczkowski Contact_Position: Physical Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2361 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bbuczkowski@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998