Jin-Si R. Over 20221006 1.0 raster digital data data release DOI:10.5066/P9L1KCQB Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program https://doi.org/10.5066/P9L1KCQB https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/62deec39d34e952be9094198 Jin-Si R. Over Chris R. Sherwood Peter A. Traykovski Marie K. Bartlett 2022 1.0 digital data data release DOI:10.5066/P9L1KCQB Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Suggested citation: Over, J.R., Sherwood, C.R., Traykovski, P.A., and Bartlett, M.K., 2022, Topographic and bathymetric data, structure from motion imagery, and ground control data collected at Marconi Beach, Wellfleet, MA in March 2022, U.S Geological Survey Field Activity 2022-014-FA: U.S Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9L1KCQB. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9L1KCQB https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/62dee032d34e952be9094176 The data in this release map the beach and nearshore environment at Marconi Beach in Wellfleet, MA and provide updated environmental context for the 2021 CoastCam installation that looks out at the coast shared by beachgoers, shorebirds, seals, and sharks. This is related to the field activity 2022-014-FA and a collaboration with the National Park Service at Cape Cod National Seashore to monitor the region that falls within the field of view of CoastCam CACO-02, which are two video cameras aimed at the beach. In March 2022, U.S Geological Survey and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute (WHOI) scientists conducted field surveys to map the CoastCam field of view. Elevation data were collected using a real time kinematic satellite navigation system (RTK-GNSS) receiver attached to a pole and walked on the beach. Images of the beach for use in structure from motion were taken with a camera (SONY a6000) and a post-processing kinematic (PPK) system attached to a helium filled balloon-kite (Helikite). High-precision targets (AeroPoints) and plastic tarps were used as ground control points to georeference the imagery. Bathymetry was collected in the nearshore using a single-beam echosounder mounted on a surf capable self-righting electric autonomous surface vehicle. Agisoft Metashape (v. 1.8.1) was used to create an orthomosaic and digital surface model, which was merged with the bathymetry in MatLab (v. 2020b) to create a continuous topobathy product. A high-resolution elevation dataset of Marconi Beach to observe ground conditions and temporal change and to validate the CoastCam observations. For more information about the WHCMSC Field Activity, see https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2022-014-FA. 20220311 ground condition; represents the state of the beach on March 11, 2022. Complete Not planned -69.96472826 -69.96178653 41.89585853 41.89076661 None U.S. Geological Survey USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program CMHRP Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center WHCMSC CoastCam Helikite Agisoft Metashape USGS Thesaurus remote sensing digital elevation models datasets structure from motion ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation elevation USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:62deec39d34e952be9094198 Common geographic areas United States Wellfleet Massachusetts Cape Cod Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Marconi Beach None Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. Jin-Si R. Over U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Geographer mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2297 jover@usgs.gov https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/62deec39d34e952be9094198?name=2022014FA_Marconi_DSM_browse.JPG&allowOpen=true Elevation-colored image of topography data collected on Marconi Beach, Wellfleet MA in March 2022. JPEG Agisoft Metashape v1.8.1, QGIS 3.2.2 Jin-Si R. Over Chris R. Sherwood Peter A. Traykovski Eric Marsjanik 2022 data release DOI:10.5066/P9POZ9VH Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey This publication is the original/first survey data of Marconi Beach from 2021. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9POZ9VH Jin-Si R. Over Andrew C. Ritchie Christine Kranenburg Jennifer (Jenna) A. Brown Daniel D. Buscombe Tom Noble Christopher R. Sherwood Jonathan Warrick Phillipe Wernette 2021 Open-File Report 2021-1039 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey This publication includes the general methodology for processing imagery in Metashape to produce digital elevation models and ortho products. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211039 Ground control points (GCPs) were used to constrain the products see associated metadata for details. GCP error in the Metashape project was used to assess overall error in the product. All data fall into expected elevation ranges compared to previous surveys (see cross reference) except for points near and offshore of the waterline, where the data returned can be noisy and may result in erroneous measurements. This is a digital surface model (DSM) and includes returns from vegetation. No-data values outside of the collected data but within the bounds set to -3.4028234663852886e38 and appear transparent in geospatial software. The structure-from-motion process that builds the DSM uses all the available imagery and location information at the start, however not all images may align in the software to produce the final product. This model does have interpolated elevation data over holes. The model was clipped in QGIS to remove areas of poor interpolation near the edges of the raster. Navigation information was acquired from a GNSS receiver (EMLID Reach M2) in PPK mode with a Multi-band GNSS antenna that has a theoretical horizontal accuracy of 2 cm. However, using these values in Metashape returned a poor product so the accuracy was loosened to 10 cm to accommodate the unknown horizontal offset of the GPS to the camera and to rely more on the ground control points, which have a theoretical accuracy of 1-2 cm. The horizontal Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the GCPs was xy: 0.066, 0.046 (m). The final product was compared to the previous survey at Marconi Beach (see cross-reference) and aligned at stable points. The location information was acquired from a GNSS receiver (EMLID Reach M2) in PPK mode with a Multi-band GNSS antenna and hot shoe adapter with an estimated vertical accuracy of 2 cm. However, using these values in Metashape returned a poor product so the accuracy was loosened to 5 cm to rely more on the ground control points, which have a theoretical accuracy of 1-2 cm. The total vertical RMSE of the GCPs was 0.016 m. The final product was compared to the previous survey at Marconi Beach (see cross-reference) and the z differences at stable points were within 10 cm. The Digital Surface Model was created in Agisoft Metashape v. 1.8.1 using the following general steps (see Over and others, 2021 for a more detailed methodology explanation): 1. The project was created and imagery (located in larger work citation 2022014FA_Marconi_f1.zip) and positions (located in larger work citation 2022014FA_Marconi_photolocations.csv) were imported using the NAD83(2011)/UTM19N and NAVD88 datums. An 0.15 m GNSS/IPS offset in the z direction was used to represent the approximate offset of the GNSS mount and camera on the Helikite. 2. Photos were aligned at a low accuracy so that GCPs could be automatically detected in the point cloud. Twenty GCPs (2022014FA_Truro_nav_GCPs.csv located in the larger work citation) were found in the images and then added to the project in the reference systems NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N and NAVD88. Accuracies for the GCPs were set to 0.02 m and accuracies for the camera positions were set to 10 cm, but the positions were only used as check points and to speed up alignment. The photos were re-aligned with high accuracy (the pixels were not subsampled to increase processing speed) using a keypoint limit of 40,000 and unlimited tie points. 3. The alignment process matched pixels between images to create point clouds and put the imagery into relative spatial context using the photo positions and GCPs. Then, the Metashape software refined and optimized the camera positions and lens model using least squares with gradual selection and optimization parameters of: Reconstruction uncertainty = 12, Projection accuracy = 4, and Reprojection error = 0.3 to minimize the distance between the measured points and the software-created points. 4. A dense point cloud was generated using the high-quality setting (images were not subsampled) and a low-frequency filtering algorithm. The dense point cloud was then edited to remove noise by filtering by point confidence before generating an interpolated digital elevation model (the software calls all models elevation models, but a surface model includes vegetation/canopy returns; a terrain model would be only bare earth returns). 4. The DSM product was exported at 25 cm in NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N and NAVD88 (m). 202203 DSM was opened in QGIS and a shapefile was created (not included in this data release) that excluded areas of interpolation and obviously erroneous elevation points on the outer edge. The DSM was then clipped to this shapefile and turned into a cloud-optimized GeoTIFF (COG) using gdal_translate with the following command: for %i in (.\*.tif) do gdal_translate %i .\cog\%~ni_cog.tif -of COG -stats -co BLOCKSIZE=256 -co COMPRESS=DEFLATE -co PREDICTOR=YES -co NUM_THREADS=ALL_CPUS -co BIGTIFF=YES (v. 3.1.4 accessed October 20, 2020 https://gdal.org/), where i is the name of each GeoTIFF. 202207 Jin-Si R. Over U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Geographer mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1258 508-548-8700 x2297 jover@usgs.gov Raster Pixel 2252 952 Universal Transverse Mercator 19 0.999600 -69.000000 0.000000 500000.000000 0.000000 row and column 0.25 0.25 meters North American Datum of 1983 (National Spatial Reference System 2011) GRS_1980 6378137.000000 298.257222101 North American Vertical Datum of 1988, geoid 18 0.001 meters Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates 2022014FA_Marconi_DSM_25cm_cog.tif A raster dataset (cloud-optimized GeoTIFF format) with encoded elevation values of Marconi Beach in Wellfleet, MA on March 11, 2022. Pixel resolution is 10 cm. producer defined Value Surface elevation orthometric height NAVD88 (m) using Geoid 2018 in NAD83(2011) UTM Zone 19N producer defined -3.4028234663852886e38 No data gdal -0.606 21.477 meters Pixels represent elevation in meters relative to North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). The filename is formatted as "2022014FA_Marconi_DSM_25cm_cog.tif", where 2022014 is the USGS Field activity ID, location is Marconi Beach, DSM is Digital Surface Model, 25cm indicates the resolution of the grid, and cog is cloud optimized GeoTIFF. USGS Field Activity 2022-014-FA U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing and physical address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 1-888- 275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov GeoTIFF file 2022014FA_Marconi_DSM_25cm_cog.tif as a 32-bit floating point digital surface model (DSM). Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. GeoTIFF 1.0.0 32-bit floating point GeoTIFF format Encoded elevation surface of Marconi Beach, Wellfleet MA on March 11, 2022. 2.88 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/62deec39d34e952be9094198 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/62deec39d34e952be9094198 https://doi.org/10.5066/P9L1KCQB The first link in the list above is to directly download all the data on the page, the second link is to the page, and the third link is the doi to the main publication. None. To utilize these data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing, or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image. Free spatial data viewers or proprietary software such as ArcGIS Earth or Google Earth Pro are capable of displaying the data. See: http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis-earth, or https://www.google.com/earth/desktop/. 20221006 Jin-Si R. Over U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Geographer mailing and physical

U.S. Geological Survey

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2297 whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998