Bathymetric data and grid representing single-beam data offshore Marconi Beach, Wellfleet, MA on March 16, 2022

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Bathymetric data and grid representing single-beam data offshore Marconi Beach, Wellfleet, MA on March 16, 2022
Abstract:
The data in this release map the beach and nearshore environment at Marconi Beach in Wellfleet, MA and provide updated environmental context for the 2021 CoastCam installation that looks out at the coast shared by beachgoers, shorebirds, seals, and sharks. This is related to the field activity 2022-014-FA and a collaboration with the National Park Service at Cape Cod National Seashore to monitor the region that falls within the field of view of CoastCam CACO-02, which are two video cameras aimed at the beach. In March 2022, U.S Geological Survey and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute (WHOI) scientists conducted field surveys to map the CoastCam field of view. Aerial images of the beach for use in structure from motion were taken with a camera (Sony a6000) and a post-processed kinematic (PPK) system attached to a helium filled balloon-kite (Helikite). High-precision GPS targets (AeroPoints) and numbered black and white tarps were used as ground control points. Bathymetry was collected in the nearshore using a single-beam echosounder mounted on a surf capable self-righting electric autonomous surface vehicle. Agisoft Metashape (v. 1.8.1) was used to create a digital surface model with the collected imagery, which was merged with the bathymetry in MATLAB (v. 2020b) to create a continuous topobathy product.
Supplemental_Information:
For more information about the WHCMSC Field Activity, see https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2022-014-FA.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Traykovski, Peter A., 20221006, Bathymetric data and grid representing single-beam data offshore Marconi Beach, Wellfleet, MA on March 16, 2022: data release DOI:10.5066/P9L1KCQB, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Over, Jin-Si R., Sherwood, Chris R., Traykovski, Peter A., and Bartlett, Marie K., 2022, Topographic and bathymetric data, structure from motion imagery, and ground control data collected at Marconi Beach, Wellfleet, MA in March 2022, U.S Geological Survey Field Activity 2022-014-FA.: data release DOI:10.5066/P9L1KCQB, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Suggested citation: Over, J.R., Sherwood, C.R., Traykovski, P.A., and Bartlett, M.K., 2022, Topographic and bathymetric data, structure from motion imagery, and ground control data collected at Marconi Beach, Wellfleet, MA in March 2022, U.S Geological Survey Field Activity 2022-014-FA: U.S Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9L1KCQB.
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -69.96330257
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -69.95132850
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.89904138
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.89133279
  3. What does it look like?
    https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/62deee9ad34e952be909419e?name=2022014FA_Marconi_bathymetry_browse.JPG&allowOpen=true (JPEG)
    Elevation-colored image of bathymetry data collected offshore of Marconi Beach, MA on March 16, 2022.
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Calendar_Date: 16-Mar-2022
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition; bathymetry was collected on a single day: March 16, 2022
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster and tabular digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
      Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
      UTM_Zone_Number: 19
      Transverse_Mercator:
      Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -69.000000
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000
      False_Easting: 500000.000000
      False_Northing: 0.000000
      Planar coordinates are encoded using row and column
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 1
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 1
      Planar coordinates are specified in meters
      The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1983 (National Spatial Reference System 2011).
      The ellipsoid used is GRS_1980.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222101.
      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Altitude_System_Definition:
      Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988, Geoid 12B
      Altitude_Resolution: 0.001
      Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
      Altitude_Encoding_Method:
      Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    2022014FA_Marconi_Bathymetry_1m_cog.tif
    A 1-m cloud optimized GeoTIFF with encoded elevation values offshore at Marconi Beach, Wellfleet, MA on March 16, 2022. Pixel row and column count are 846 and 985, respectively. (Source: producer defined)
    Value
    Seafloor elevation orthometric height NAVD88 (m) using Geoid 2012B in NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N (Source: producer defined)
    ValueDefinition
    -999999No data
    Range of values
    Minimum:-13.309
    Maximum:-0.497
    Units:meters
    2022014FA_Marconi_raw_bathymetry.csv
    The CSV file contains the post-processed navigation GNSS trackline data, soundings for the echosounder, and seafloor elevations. This dataset contains 39,531 records. (Source: USGS)
    INFO
    USGS Field Activity number (Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center)
    ValueDefinition
    2022-014-FAYear, ID, and Field Activity abbreviation
    Date
    Date at which values were taken in the format yyyy-mm-dd (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:2022-03-16
    Maximum:2022-03-16
    GPS_Time_UTC
    Time of GPS data in UTC, corrected with 18 sec delay in HH:MM:SS (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:14:52:24
    Maximum:17:04:10
    Units:HH:MM:SS UTC
    Latitude_NAD83_2011
    Post-processed kinematic (PPK) latitude of GNSS antenna position relative to NAD83(2011). (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:41.89144289
    Maximum:41.89894029
    Units:Decimal degrees
    Longitude_NAD83_2011
    Post-processed kinematic (PPK) longitude of GNSS antenna position relative to NAD83(2011). (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-69.96318067
    Maximum:-69.95144586
    Units:Decimal degrees
    Easting_UTM19N
    Post-processed kinematic (PPK) X-coordinates in NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:420101.395
    Maximum:421071.952
    Units:meters
    Northing_UTM19N
    Post-processed kinematic (PPK) Y-coordinates in NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:4638167.348
    Maximum:4638995.113
    Units:meters
    GPS_z
    Post-processed kinematic (PPK) position (Z-coordinates) of the GNSS receiver in reference to NAVD88 in meters on the autonomous survey vehicle. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.490
    Maximum:2.093
    Units:meters
    Echo_z
    The range to the seafloor from the echosounder in meters. (Source: USGS)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-14.253
    Maximum:-1.202
    Units:meters
    Seafloor_z_NAVD88
    Elevation, in meters, of the seafloor in NAVD88, calculated by subtracting the Antenna_Z_offset (0.25 meters) from the GPS_z and adding the Echo_z. (Source: producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-13.427
    Maximum:-0.365
    Units:meters
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    The cloud-optimized GeoTIFF has 985 columns and 846 rows. The pixel values are a 32-bit floating point format representing elevation in meters relative to the NAVD88 datum. No-data value is -999999. The CSV contains 36,532 records of post-processed navigation GNSS data and the raw echosounder data as given in the Entity and Attribute Information section.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: USGS Field Activity 2022-014-FA

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Peter A. Traykovski
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Jin-Si R. Over
    U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
    384 Woods Hole Rd
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2297 (voice)
    jover@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

These data may be used as a high-resolution bathymetry dataset of Marconi Beach to observe conditions and change over time and to validate the CoastCam.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: Jun-2022 (process 1 of 2)
    The single-beam bathymetry data were collected by launching the Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV) Yellowfin into the water from the surf zone. Yellowfin was equipped with a Cerulean s500 echosounder and collected position information with an EMLID Reach M2 GPS. The boat was controlled near the shore by Peter Traykovski and put on auto-pilot using predetermined tracklines for longer transects offshore. The raw bathymetry data was processed with the following steps: 1. Parsed the binary data (BU353s4 GPS Puck, Time, Position and Echosounder range) into MATLAB (v. 2020b) from the echosounder using MATLAB Scripts developed by Peter Traykovski at WHOI - see contact below 2. Post Processed Kinematic (PPK) GNSS (Novatel OEM-V2_L1L2) data from the vessel were corrected using base station (Java Triumph-1) data in Novatel Inertial Explorer (Version 8.70.8722) using the datum NAD83(2011) and with GEOID 12B for the vertical datum NAVD88. A projection for UTM Zone 19N was also specified to get the Easting and Northing information. An antenna height of 0.0 was used in this step, but note the actual antenna height was corrected for in Step 5. 3. Time alignment was refined to account for small time delays between GPS data and echosounder data collection. This was accomplished using the time-lagged cross-correlation of echosounder range and PPK GNSS altitude in locations with a relatively flat bottom. The resulting time shift was 18 seconds. The GPS measured vertical fluctuation of the boat due to waves and these fluctuations were also visible in echosounder data. The equation in Step 5 removed the vertical fluctuation due to waves from the echosounder data leaving only true bathymetry if the GPS and the echosounder were well-synced. The lagged cross-correlation processing ensured they were synced optimally. 4. Duplicate times were removed from the PPK GNSS positions, and then the GPS values (GPS_z) were interpolated to the time of the Echosounder samples (Echo_z) with the MATLAB function interp1 (linear interpolation) and 'pchip'. 5. Calculated sea-floor elevation with reference to the NAVD88 datum in meters using the following equation: Seafloor_z = GPS_z - Antenna_Z_Offset + Echo_z; Antenna_Z_Offset = 0.25 m was the offset from the GNSS antenna to the Echosounder transducer on the z-axis of the ASV. These xyz values of the GPS and Echosounder are provided in the CSV 2022014FA_Marconi_raw_bathymetry.csv 7. Gridded Seafloor_z values onto 1 m resolution UTM eastings, northings using MATLAB file exchange script regularizedata3d by Jamal (2020), a cubic interpolation with the optimum smoothness coefficient determined by a Monte Carlo optimization procedure for the data regularization. Regularizedata3d entailed removing one cross-shore line of data from the processing and adjusting the smoothness parameter so the overall surface fit best fits the removed data. The process was then repeated for all the lines of data. The optimized smoothing parameter was used with all the data for the final processing. 8. The MATLAB function 'roipoly' returned the mask as a binary image, which sets pixels inside the region of interest (ROI) to 1 and pixels outside the ROI to 0. The boundary was developed so that there were no extrapolated bathymetry data outside the tracklines. The mask’s extent was the convex hull of the tracklines positions (x,y) and a bounding z coordinate of 0.8 represented the surface in reference to NAVD88 in meters. 9. Exported gridded 1 m data in NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N in NAVD88 meters as a GeoTIFF: 2022015FA_Truro_Bathymetry_1m.tif. Note that using NAVD88 as a height means that the depths are not true-depths but the elevation of the seafloor above or below the geoid.
    Jamal (2020). RegularizeData3D (https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/46223-regularizedata3d), MATLAB Central File Exchange. Retrieved September 23, 2020. Person who carried out this activity:
    Peter Traykovski
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Associate Scientist
    226 Woods Hole Rd, MS #12
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-289-2638 (voice)
    ptraykovski@whoi.edu
    Date: Jul-2022 (process 2 of 2)
    Bathymetry grid was turned into a cloud-optimized GeoTIFF (COG) using gdal_translate with the following command: for %i in (.\*.tif) do gdal_translate %i .\cog\%~ni_cog.tif -of COG -stats -co BLOCKSIZE=256 -co COMPRESS=DEFLATE -co PREDICTOR=YES -co NUM_THREADS=ALL_CPUS -co BIGTIFF=YES (v. 3.1.4 accessed October 20, 2020 https://gdal.org/), where i is the name of each GeoTIFF. Person who carried out this activity:
    Jin-Si R. Over
    U.S Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Geographer
    384 Woods Hole Rd
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2297 (voice)
    jover@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Over, Jin-Si R., Sherwood, Chris R., Traykovski, Peter A., and Marsjanik, Eric, 2022, Topographic and bathymetric data, sediment samples, structure from motion imagery, and reference mark data collected at Marconi Beach, Wellfleet in winter 2021, U.S Geological Survey Field Activity 2021-022-FA: data release DOI:10.5066/P9POZ9VH, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    This publication is the original/first survey data of Marconi beach from 2021.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    No official QC test was performed, but all depth values were internally consistent in relation to each other and were comparable to values of published bathymetry in the area (see cross-reference). The product is interpolated between tracklines and small-scale bathymetry features are not resolved. The actual vertical position may be much less accurate between tracklines.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Navigation information was acquired from the GNSS receiver in PPK mode with a Multi-band GNSS antenna that has a theoretical horizontal accuracy of 1-5 cm and average reported xy Standard deviation (SD) of 0.6 cm.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    The location information was acquired from the GNSS receiver in PPK mode with a Multi-band GNSS antenna with a theoretical horizontal accuracy of 1-5 cm and average reported vertical SD of 0.8 cm. The navigational accuracies do not represent the accuracy of the derived bathymetric soundings. The vertical accuracy of the raw data in water depths of 10 meters or less, based on industry standard system specifications for 450 and 500 kHz transmit frequencies, is 5-10 centimeters.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    All collected survey line data were edited for erroneous soundings before being incorporated into the final bathymetric grid, the mask prevented data from being extrapolated beyond the bounds but did not exclude any data. The raw CSV of trackline and echosounder values was edited to remove null returns at the beginning and end of the survey.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    This file represents single beam echo-sounder bathymetry data collected by Peter Traykovski (WHOI). These data were combined with post-processed kinematic (PPK) orthometric heights collected using a GNSS receiver (EMLID Reach M2) mounted on a self-righting ASV corrected to a base station (JAVA Triumph) onshore in GEOID12B NAVD88 meters. The GNSS antenna is offset from the echo-sounder by 0.25 m (referred to as Antenna_Z_Offset), and this is taken into account when calculating the depth in the trackline and echosounder variables (see Processing Steps).

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints None
Use_Constraints Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
    Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
    Denver, CO

    1-888- 275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? A cloud-optimized GeoTIFF 1m grid of bathymetric data (2022014FA_Marconi_Bathymetry_1m_cog.tif) and CSV of raw GPS and echosounder data (2022014FA_Marconi_raw_bathymetry.csv). Sciencebase created a .SLD color ramp file that may be loaded when prompted when using Web Mapping Services.
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    These data are available as a 32-bit floating point cloud-optimized GeoTIFF image. To utilize these data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing, GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image. Sciencebase created a .SLD color ramp file that may be loaded when prompted for Web Mapping Services.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 06-Oct-2022
Metadata author:
Jin-Si R. Over
U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Geographer
U.S. Geological Survey
Woods Hole, MA

508-548-8700 x2297 (voice)
whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
Contact_Instructions:
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS.
Metadata standard:
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/whcmsc/SB_data_release/DR_P9L1KCQB/2022014FA_bathymetry_meta.faq.html>
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