Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 20210831 Title: 2018 mean high water shoreline of the coast of MA used in shoreline change analysis Edition: 1 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P9O8QA8N Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O8QA8N Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/6102e0aad34ef8d7055eb3bf Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Marie K. Bartlett Originator: Amy S. Farris Originator: Kathryn M. Weber Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Massachusetts Shoreline Change Project: A GIS Compilation of Vector Shorelines (1844-2018) Edition: 1 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P9O8QA8N Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: Bartlett, M.K., Farris, A.S., Weber, K.M., and Himmelstoss, E.A., 2021, Massachusetts shoreline change project—A GIS compilation of vector shorelines for the 2021 update: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O8QA8N Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/60ff09abd34e3ccd830d5dac Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O8QA8N Description: Abstract: The Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management launched the Shoreline Change Project in 1989 to identify erosion-prone areas of the coast by compiling a database of historical (mid 1800's-1989) shoreline positions. Trends of shoreline position over long and short-term timescales provide information to landowners, managers, and potential buyers about possible future impacts to coastal resources and infrastructure. In 2001, a 1994 shoreline was added to calculate both long- and short-term shoreline change rates at 40-meter intervals along ocean-facing sections of the Massachusetts coast. In the 2013 update, two oceanfront shorelines for Massachusetts were added using 2008-2009 color aerial orthoimagery and 2007 topographic lidar datasets obtained from NOAA's Ocean Service, Coastal Services Center. In the 2018 update, two new mean high water (MHW) shorelines for the Massachusetts coast extracted from lidar data between 2010-2014 were added to the dataset. This 2021 update includes one new shoreline extracted from lidar data collected in 2018 by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise (JALBTCX). This new shoreline was extracted for the North Shore, South Shore, Cape Cod Bay, Outer Cape, South Cape, Nantucket, Martha’s Vineyard, and a small portion Buzzard’s Bay. 2018 Lidar data was not available for Boston or the Elizabeth Islands region. This new shoreline was extracted from the lidar survey using either a profile method or contour method, depending on the location of the shoreline. This data release also includes a compilation of previously published historical shoreline positions spanning 170 years (1844 to 2014), intended to be used as an authoritative shoreline database for the state. This data is an update to the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management Shoreline Change Project. Purpose: Shoreline positions serve as easily understood features that can be used to describe the movement of beaches through time. This shoreline dataset is a mean high water (MHW) datum-based shoreline extracted using both a profile method and a contour method. These data are used in conjunction with other shoreline files to calculate rates of shoreline change. Associated with this dataset is a horizontal uncertainty value for each shoreline included in the attribute table, a proxy-datum bias reference line that corrects for the unidirectional offset between the mean high water (MHW) elevation of this dataset and other historical high water line (HWL) shoreline positions at this location, and an estimate of the uncertainty of this proxy-datum bias. See the first process step for essential information to understand these data and other shoreline change related data. Supplemental_Information: Cross-referenced citations are applicable to the complete dataset as a whole. Additional citations are located within individual process steps that pertain specifically to the method described in that step. When this datum-based MHW shoreline is compared to historical proxy-based HWL shorelines (e.g., when calculating shoreline change rates), the result may be affected by an offset between the two types of shorelines. For open-ocean sandy beaches, historical, proxy-based HWL shorelines tend to be landward of datum-based MHW shorelines. This is a known unidirectional offset between proxy-based and datum-based shoreline features. This shoreline data has an associated uncertainty value that quantifies the measurement and positional errors associated with this datum-based MHW lidar shoreline as well as the offset between the MHW elevation of the lidar and the historical HWL shorelines. These data are used in conjunction with the shoreline files to calculate rates of shoreline change. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20180509 Ending_Date: 20180905 Currentness_Reference: ground condition of the data these shorelines are based Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -71.1231 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -69.9288 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.8777 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.2389 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: environment Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: Massachusetts Coastal Zone Management Theme_Keyword: MA CZM Theme_Keyword: National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project Theme_Keyword: Massachusetts Shoreline Change Project Theme_Keyword: DSAS Theme_Keyword: Digital Shoreline Analysis System Theme_Keyword: Shoreline Theme_Keyword: Shoreline Change Theme_Keyword: Mean High Water Theme_Keyword: MHW Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:6102e0aad34ef8d7055eb3bf Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: Atlantic Coast Place_Keyword: New England Place_Keyword: Massachusetts Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Marie K. Bartlett Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2306 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-547-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mbartlett@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/6102e0aad34ef8d7055eb3bf?name=MA_2018_MHW_shoreline_browse.PNG Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Map view of data Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 10 Version 6.2 (Build 1909) Esri ArcGIS 10.7.1.11595 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: E.R. Thieler Originator: T.L. Smith Originator: Julia Knisel Originator: D.W. Sampson Publication_Date: 2013 Title: Massachusetts Shoreline Change Mapping and Analysis Project, 2012 Update Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Open-File Report Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2012-1189 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1189/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Theresa L. Smith Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Originator: E. Robert Thieler Publication_Date: 2013 Title: Massachusetts Shoreline Change Project: A GIS Compilation of Vector Shorelines and Associated Shoreline Change Data for the 2013 update Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Open-File Report Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2012-1183 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1183/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: E. Robert Thieler Originator: James F. O'Connell Originator: Courtney A. Schupp Publication_Date: 2001 Title: The Massachusetts Shoreline Change Project: 1800s to 1994 Technical Report Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Administrative report Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: https://web.whoi.edu/seagrant/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/01/WHOI-T-01-001-Thieler-E.R.-The-Mass.-Shorel.pdf Online_Linkage: https://www.mass.gov/service-details/massachusetts-shoreline-change-project Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Cheryl J. Hapke Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Originator: Jeffrey H. List Originator: E. Robert Thieler Publication_Date: 2011 Title: The National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Historical Shoreline Change along the New England and Mid-Atlantic Coasts Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Open-File report Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2010-1118 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1118/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Kathryn M. Weber Originator: Jeffrey H. List Originator: Karen L.M. Morgan Publication_Date: 2005 Title: An operational mean high water datum for determination of shoreline position from topographic lidar data Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Open-File Report Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2005-1027 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1027/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Originator: Amy S. Farris Originator: Rachel E. Henderson Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Originator: Ayhan Ergul Originator: Ouya Zhang Originator: Jessica L. Zichichi Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Digital Shoreline Analysis System (version 5.0): U.S. Geological Survey software Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Software release Series_Information: Series_Name: software release Issue_Identification: version 5.0 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/whcmsc/science/digital-shoreline-analysis-system-dsas Online_Linkage: https://code.usgs.gov/cch/dsas Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Originator: Amy S. Farris Originator: Kathryn M. Weber Publication_Date: 20181126 Title: Massachusetts Shoreline Change Project: A GIS Compilation of Vector Shorelines for the 2018 Update Edition: 1 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O7S72B Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Peter Ruggiero Originator: Jeffrey H. List Publication_Date: 200909 Title: Improving Accuracy and Statistical Reliability of Shoreline Position and Change Rate Estimates Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of Coastal Research Issue_Identification: v.255 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: n/a Publisher: Coastal Education and Research Foundation Other_Citation_Details: ppg. 1069-1081 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2112/08-1051.1 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The attributes are based on the requirements of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software (please refer to cross reference for citation), and have gone through a series of quality assurance procedures. Logical_Consistency_Report: Adjacent shoreline segments do not overlap and are not necessarily continuous. Shorelines were visually assessed in map view to verify that no erroneous data were included. Completeness_Report: Although not a continuous shoreline for the entire coast of Massachusetts, this shoreline file is complete and contains all shoreline segments for the state where shoreline position data could be extracted using either the contour or profile method. These data adequately represented the shoreline position at the time of the survey. Remaining gaps in these data, if applicable, are a consequence of non-existing data, existing data that did not meet quality assurance standards, or where shorelines were derived by a different method. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: For the new 2018 profile-method lidar shoreline, this uncertainty includes four components: 1) the 95% confidence interval on the linear regression estimate of the shoreline position; 2) the vertical error of the raw lidar data as reported in the lidar data’s metadata; 3) the 15 cm vertical error in our chosen value of MHW, and 4) the uncertainty due to extrapolation. These four components of uncertainty were added in quadrature to yield a total error for each shoreline point. Along with the uncertainty associated with shorelines extracted using this method, there is also a horizontal offset between the datum-based lidar MHW shoreline and the proxy-based historical shorelines such as those derived from NOAA T-sheets and aerial photos. This offset nearly always acts in one direction and these uncertainties and offsets are accounted for in the associated data release containing rates and a proxy-datum bias feature. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Department of Commerce (DOC) Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Originator: National Ocean Service (NOS) Originator: Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Publication_Date: 20181108 Title: 2018 USACE NCMP Topobathy Lidar: East Coast (CT, MA, ME, NC, NH, RI, SC) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: NOAA's Ocean Service, Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search//details/8691 Online_Linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/55882 Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20180509 Ending_Date: 20180905 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 2018 lidar Source_Contribution: The bare earth point cloud data in LAS format were used to extract shorelines using methods described in the process steps. Using the cart method to download the data, the data were downloaded in the UTM Zone 19 projection with the NAD83 horizontal datum and NAVD88 vertical datum with horizontal and vertical units in meters. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Office for Coastal Management (NOAA/OCM) Publication_Date: 20190318 Title: 2018 USACE NCMP Topobathy Lidar DEM: East Coast (CT, MA, ME, NC, NH, RI, SC)) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: NOAA's Ocean Service, Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=8691 Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/htdata/raster2/elevation/USACE_EastCoast_DEM_2018_8691/ Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20180509 Ending_Date: 20180905 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 2018 DEM Source_Contribution: The raster digital elevation model (in GeoTIFF format) was used to extract a polyline shoreline. Using the cart method to download the data, the data were downloaded in the UTM Zone 19 projection with the NAD83 horizontal datum and NAVD88 vertical datum with horizontal and vertical units in meters. Process_Step: Process_Description: Explanation of the methods used to delineate shorelines that are a part of this update for the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management Shoreline Change Project: This data release contains a new 2018 MHW shoreline extracted from lidar data that covers the North Shore, South Shore, Cape Cod Bay, Outer Cape, South Cape, a small portion of Buzzard’s Bay, Martha’s Vineyard, and Nantucket. Lidar data for 2018 were not available for Boston or the Elizabeth Islands region. MHW shorelines are datum-based and in the case of the shorelines used here, were extracted from lidar data using a profile method, whenever possible, or a contour method. For profile open-ocean coast, the elevation of MHW was obtained from Weber and others (2005). Since Weber and others (2005) only covers open-ocean coast, all MHW elevations for profile not open ocean-coast shorelines come from NOAA's vdatum (version 3.8; https://vdatum.noaa.gov/). Historical vector shorelines digitized from georegistered T-sheets using standard editing tools in ArcMap provide a proxy-based high water line (HWL) feature that is not tidally-referenced. Individually these shorelines are stored as polyline shapefiles. All shorelines have an uncertainty value listed in the attribute table that provides the horizontal uncertainty associated with the shoreline, regardless of the method used. The shoreline database contains both MHW and HWL shorelines, which can lead to incorrect estimates of rates of change since visually identified HWL-type proxy shorelines are virtually never coincident with datum-based MHW-type shorelines. In fact, HWL shorelines are almost universally estimated to be higher (landward) on the beach profile than MHW shorelines. Not accounting for this offset will cause shoreline change rates to be biased toward slower shoreline retreat, progradation rather than retreat, or faster progradation than in reality (for the typical case where datum-based MHW shorelines are more recent data than the proxy-based HWL shoreline dates). A proxy-datum bias (PDB) describes the unidirectional horizontal offset that occurs between the MHW shoreline and the HWL shoreline, and is stored as a line feature class appended to the reference baseline, with an attribute for the bias value as well as the bias uncertainty. For more information about the proxy-datum bias, see Ruggiero and List (2009) All the following process steps were completed by the same person: Marie K. Bartlett Process_Date: 2020 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Marie K. Bartlett Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2306 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mbartlett@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Whenever possible, a profile method was used to extract the operational MHW shoreline from the lidar point cloud data, using a Matlab-based approach (Matlab version 2019b) similar to the one developed by Stockdon and others (2002). Elevation values for the height of MHW were determined from vdatum (version 3.8) provided by NOAA (https://vdatum.noaa.gov/). We continued the practice set out by Weber and others, (2005) of using one MHW value for a continuous section of coast (as opposed to using a continuously varying value). We chose this value such that it is always within 15 cm of the value returned by vdatum at any point along the coast. For example, we used MHW = 0.98 m for the entire Outer Cape even though vdatum shows it varying slightly over the basin. For the south shore of Cape Cod we used an average MHW elevation of 0.2 meters from Falmouth to approximately Waquoit and 0.50 meters from approximately Waquoit to Chatham. This profile method uses a coast-following reference line with 20 m spaced profiles. All lidar data points that are within 1 m of each profile line are associated with that profile. All work is done on the 2 m wide profiles, working on a single profile at a time. For each profile, a linear regression was fit through data points on the foreshore and the regression was evaluated at the MHW elevation to yield the cross-shore position of the MHW shoreline. If there was a data gap at MHW or if the MHW elevation was obscured by water points, the linear regression was simply extrapolated to the MHW elevation. Foreshore beach slope is defined as the slope of the regression line. Each MHW shoreline point that was extracted using this profile method has an uncertainty associated with it. For the new 2018 lidar shoreline, this uncertainty includes four components: 1) the 95% confidence interval on the linear regression estimate of the shoreline position; 2) the vertical error of the raw lidar data as reported in the lidar data’s metadata; 3) a 15 cm vertical error in our chosen value of MHW, and; 4) the uncertainty due to extrapolation (if the shoreline was determined using extrapolation). These four components of uncertainty were added in quadrature to yield a total error for each shoreline point. The uncertainty for the 2018 shoreline was calculated slightly differently than the uncertainty for the previous lidar shorelines. For details on the uncertainty for lidar shorelines prior to the 2018 shoreline, see pp.12-13 under the section titled Lidar-Derived MHW Shoreline Position Uncertainty in Hapke and others (2011). There is a known horizontal offset between the datum-based lidar MHW shoreline and the proxy-based historical shorelines on open-ocean sandy beaches that nearly always acts in one direction (Ruggiero and List, 2009). In order to estimate the bias between these two types of shorelines, wave data from a nearby buoy is needed to calculate wave run-up. Many of the sheltered areas within the Massachusetts study area do not have nearby buoy data and a proxy-datum bias value cannot be calculated in these areas. Therefore, when this new datum-based MHW shoreline is compared to historic proxy-based HWL shorelines in these sheltered areas, there may be some artificial landward offset of the historic data that has not been quantified and could potentially influence the rates. The north facing shoreline of Martha's Vineyard tends to have lower wave energy, which would result in less run-up and yield a smaller offset between a proxy shoreline and a datum shoreline than would occur along open-ocean coasts Process_Date: 2020 Process_Step: Process_Description: Contour shoreline extraction: While the profile method of shoreline extraction is best for open-ocean coastlines, a contour method is used along sheltered sections of the coast that were too crenulated for the profile method. The elevation of MHW was used from Weber and others, 2005 when available. In areas not covered by Weber and others (2005), NOAA's vdatum (version 3.8; https://vdatum.noaa.gov/) is used to determine MHW. To extract the MHW shoreline from each DEM surface, the operational MHW elevation was entered into the ArcGIS tool Contour List as the contour value. This step was iterated for each individual DEM in the study area. As a result, individual shapefiles were created for each DEM. The shoreline was then manually edited with the lidar data displayed with categorized elevation values to highlight the MHW values. Segments of the contour that did not fall near MHW were removed. Sometimes the lidar data did not extend down to MHW, resulting in gaps in the contour. Each contour shoreline was generalized using the Smooth Line tool (ArcToolbox > Cartography > Generalization > Smooth Line), applying the PAEK algorithm with a 5 m tolerance. The shoreline features were then merged (ArcToolbox > Data Management > General > Merge) into one feature class. Each contour shoreline was given an average horizontal positional uncertainty of 2 m. The resulting contour shoreline was merged with the profile method shoreline using the Merge tool in Esri’s ArcToolbox > Data management > General > Merge to generate one complete shoreline file for the state. Process_Date: 2020 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Marie K. Bartlett Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2306 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mbartlett@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The profile method shoreline and contour method shoreline were merged into a single feature class using Esri's ArcToolbox > Data Management > General > Merge. The feature class was exported out of the geodatabase to shapefile format by right-clicking on the feature class name in the table of contents of the ArcMap project and choosing Export > Shapefile (single) Process_Date: 2021 Process_Step: Process_Description: The exported shoreline shapefile was projected in Esri's ArcToolbox > Data Management Tools > Projections and Transformations > Project. Parameters: input projection - UTM zone 19N (WGS84); output projection - geographic coordinates (WGS84); transformation = none. Process_Date: 2021 Process_Step: Process_Description: Tweaked a thesaurus name (20211117). Process_Date: 20211117 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 699 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.0197394080 Longitude_Resolution: 0.0264580536 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal seconds Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_84 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: MA_shoreline_2018_all.shp Entity_Type_Definition: This dataset includes polyline MHW shorelines for the coastal region of Massachusetts. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Contour Attribute_Definition: The height of MHW was determined from vdatum provided by NOAA. (https://vdatum.noaa.gov/). One MHW value, reported here in meter units, was used for a continuous section of coast (as opposed to using a continuously varying value). This value is always within 15 cm of the value returned by vdatum at any point along the coast. This dataset combines two methods of shoreline extraction, contour and profile. A value of zero in this field indicates the profile method was used. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.2 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.44 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Date_ Attribute_Definition: Date of shoreline position in month/day/year (mm/dd/yyyy) format; date of survey as indicated on source material. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Date of the shoreline in mm/dd/yyyy Attribute: Attribute_Label: Uncy Attribute_Definition: The estimate of shoreline position uncertainty. Methods used to calculate the uncertainty are listed in the process steps. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: The estimate of shoreline position uncertainty. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Source Attribute_Definition: Agency that provided shoreline feature or the data source used to digitize shoreline feature. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: lidar-USGS Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The data was derived from lidar by the U.S. Geological Survey. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Source_b Attribute_Definition: Method of deriving shoreline feature. This shoreline was extracted using either the profile method or the contour method. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: profile Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The mean high water shoreline was extracted from lidar data using a profile method. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: contour Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The mean high water shoreline was extracted from lidar data using a contour method. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Default_D Attribute_Definition: In historical shoreline data the exact month and day of a shoreline are unknown. This field is used to indicate when a default month and day are used. It does not apply to this dataset, but is preserved for merging this shoreline feature with other historic shoreline data when used for change analysis. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: False. No default month and day were used. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Region Attribute_Definition: Subregion of Massachusetts coast where shoreline data are located. Other shoreline files extracted from different methods required that the data be split into regions and this field correlates to those extents. Shoreline change rates were calculated by region and in some cases, regions were further split into “sheltered”, “exposed”, “or headland” to accommodate baseline orientation requirements. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string of length 25 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Year_ Attribute_Definition: Four digit year of shoreline. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2018 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The calendar year of the source data from which the shoreline feature was extracted. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Type Attribute_Definition: The vertical shoreline reference. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: MHW Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: mean high water - a datum-based reference Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape_Leng Attribute_Definition: Length of shoreline in meter units (WGS84, UTM zone 19N) Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 6.87608295401 Range_Domain_Maximum: 22475.4994351 Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Federal Center, Building 810, MS 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: The dataset contains the polyline shapefile of shoreline data derived from a contour and profile method, (MA_2018_MHW_Shoreline.shp and other shapefile components), browse graphic (MA_2018_MHW_shoreline_browse), and the FGDC CSDGM metadata in XML format. Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.7.1 Format_Specification: Esri polyline shapefile Format_Information_Content: Dataset contains the shapefile, browse graphic, and CSDGM metadata. Transfer_Size: 11 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/6102e0aad34ef8d7055eb3bf Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/6102e0aad34ef8d7055eb3bf Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O8QA8N Access_Instructions: The first link downloads all the files on the dataset landing page. The second link is to the dataset landing page where individual files can be viewed and downloaded. The third link is to the data release main landing page. Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: These data are available in a polyline shapefile format. The user must have software to read and process the data components of a shapefile. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20211117 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Marie K. Bartlett Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2306 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mbartlett@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time