Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2019 Title: Multispectral aerial imagery from unmanned aerial systems (UAS) flights and image locations: Plum Island Estuary and Parker River NWR (PIEPR), February 27th, 2018 Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9O9NSRK Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal/Marine Hazards and Resources Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O9NSRK Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5c75a772e4b0fe48cb4a5543 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Neil K. Ganju Originator: Sandra M. Brosnahan Originator: Emily J. Sturdivant Originator: Elizabeth A. Pendleton Originator: Seth D. Ackerman Publication_Date: 2019 Title: Aerial imagery from unmanned aerial systems (UAS) flights and ground control points: Plum Island Estuary and Parker River NWR (PIEPR), February 27th, 2018 Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9O9NSRK Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Ganju, N.K., Brosnahan, S.M., Sturdivant, E.J., Pendleton, E.A., and Ackerman, S.D., 2019, Aerial imagery from unmanned aerial systems (UAS) flights and ground control points-Plum Island Estuary and Parker River NWR (PIEPR), February 27th, 2018: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O9NSRK Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O9NSRK Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5c0fe16de4b0c53ecb2d1bc3 Description: Abstract: Low-altitude (80 and 100 meters above ground level) digital images were taken over an area of the Plum Island Estuary and Parker River National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in Massachusetts using 3DR Solo unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) on February 27, 2018. These images were collected as part of an effort to document marsh stability over time and quantify sediment movement using UAS technology. Each UAS was equipped with either a Ricoh GRII digital camera for natural color photos, used to produce digital elevation models and ortho images, or a MicaSense RedEdge multi-spectral camera that captures five specific bands of the visible spectrum (blue, green, red, red edge, and near-infrared), which can be used to classify vegetation. The MicaSense camera covered a smaller subsection of the same polygonal area of the marsh that the Ricoh imaged. Some photographs contain black and white targets used as ground control points (GCPs), which were surveyed by a field crew with a high-precision Real Time Kinematic Global Position System. This data release includes the original images from both cameras, as well as a csv file containing the latitude and longitude coordinates, in Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 19N referenced to the North American Datum of 1983, of the ground control points needed to complete any photogrammetry projects using the original photographs, and GPS transect points used to evaluate the photogrammetry products created. Purpose: Multispectral images were collected with appropriate resolution and overlap to permit high-quality photogrammetry and generation of reflectance imagery and multispectral indices. Supplemental_Information: These data were collected by the USGS Coastal/Marine Hazards and Resources Program under USGS field activity number 2018-015-FA. The field activity webpage (https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2018-015-FA) contains additional information regarding the field activity. The images associated with these data are available for download from the EROS EarthExplorer interface. The configurable URL to select the images from the Ricoh camera: https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/criteria?dataset_name=UAS_RAW&ordered=USGS_WHCMSC_PIEPR_2018_015_20180227_R01&field=COLLECT_NAME The configurable URL to select the images from the Micasense multispectral camera: https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/criteria?dataset_name=UAS_RAW&ordered=USGS_WHCMSC_PIEPR_2018_015_20180227_M01&field=COLLECT_NAME Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20180227 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Not planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.814 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.805 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.777 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.771 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:5c75a772e4b0fe48cb4a5543 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal/Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: 3DR Solo quadcopter Theme_Keyword: MicaSense RedEdge Theme_Keyword: photographs Theme_Keyword: photos Theme_Keyword: TIFF Theme_Keyword: low-altitude aerial imagery Theme_Keyword: aerial imagery Theme_Keyword: UAS Theme_Keyword: Unmanned aerial system Theme_Keyword: geotagged photos Theme_Keyword: multispectral Theme_Keyword: marsh Theme_Keyword: Rededge Theme_Keyword: near-infrared Theme_Keyword: Field activity 2018-015_FA Theme_Keyword: drone Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: remote sensing Theme_Keyword: aerial photography Theme_Keyword: image collections Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: location Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: USA Place_Keyword: Massachusetts Place_Keyword: Parker River Place_Keyword: Plum Island Place_Keyword: Parker River National Wildlife Refuge Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Sandra Brosnahan Contact_Position: Physical Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: Massachusetts Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2265 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sbrosnahan@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5c75a772e4b0fe48cb4a5543?name=2018015FA_mica_PlumIsland_browse.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Browse graphic showing the image locations. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The GPS used on the UAS has theoretical accuracies of 3 meters horizontally and 10 m vertically. The location values are stored in the Exif header of the images. Logical_Consistency_Report: Photographs were renamed to include survey ID, Camera ID, flight ID, date and time (UTC), and original filename. Metadata contained in image file headers were modified for all photos to include standard USGS tags. Completeness_Report: Seven flights were conducted with the multispectral camera, and 13,415 photos were collected, with 51 additional calibration photos included. Five photographs were captured every 2 seconds, one for each different wavelength. Gaps in sequential 2-second photo intervals exist where photos were removed from the collection. Photos may have been deleted, for reasons including poor photo quality, overexposure, or redundancy. Radiometric calibration photos are included for post processing purposes. Flight four had a temporary increase of speed due to a software bug in the flight control software. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Horizontal positions recorded in the Exif header for each image were derived from 3DR Ublox GPS , which receives signals from GPS and GLONASS satellites in WGS84 (G1150) EPSG::7660, but is otherwise uncorrected. Horizontal locations are considered accurate to approximately 3 meters, but may have inaccuracies greater than 10 meters due to UAS flight path and uncertainty associated with the geotagging process. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Vertical positions were recorded in the Exif header for each image. Vertical positions are ellipsoidal heights derived from 3DR Ublox GPS NEO-7, which receives signals from GPS and GLONASS satellites, but is otherwise uncorrected. Vertical locations are less accurate than horizontal positions with inaccuracies greater than 10 meters. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Equipment_and_Setup: A MicaSense RedEdge multispectral camera was mounted on a 3DR Solo quadcopter. MicaSense RedEdge acquires photos at 1.2 Megapixels in 12-bit DNG format. The resolution is 1280 X 960 pixels. MicaSense RedEdge lens focal length is 5.5mm, it has global shutters for all bands, blue, green, red, red edge, and near infrared, with an aperture f2.8. File sizes are generally 1.8 MB on disc. The look direction was directly down from the aircraft. For flight, the camera was set to record images at 2-second intervals, activated before takeoff and deactivated after landing. Flights were flown along pre-planned lines and lasted the duration of the UAS battery life (approximately 15 minutes) or until the flight was completed or aborted. At the start of the mission and throughout the day, the camera shutter was manually triggered with the UAS held over a MicaSense Calibrated Reflectance Panel. The camera was not mounted on a gimbal so capture scenes were dependent on the attitude of the quadcopter. 3DR GPS module and MicaSense downwelling Light Sensor were connected to the camera with 6-pin cables and secured on top of the aircraft with velcro. The camera received power from a connection to the UAS. The 3DR GPS module is a pre-configured u-Blox NEO-7 that uses a 25 x 25 x 4 mm ceramic patch antenna with a 5 Hz update rate. It records telemetry information including latitude, longitude, altitude, dilution of precision, date and time, roll, pitch, and yaw. The downwelling light sensor measures ambient light for each of the 5 spectral bands captured by the camera. For each camera shutter trigger, it recorded spectral data including spectral irradiance, roll, pitch, yaw, gain, and exposure time. Data from the downwelling light sensor, and GPS module are automatically incorporated into the Exif data for each image. Process_Date: 2018 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: Sandra Brosnahan Contact_Position: Physical Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: Massachusetts Postal_Code: 02543 Country: U.S.A. Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2265 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508 457 2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: Sbrosnahan@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Five images are collected at each time point. One image for each of the five wavelengths (each lens is a different wavelength Blue- 475nm, Green- 560nm, Red- 668nm, Red Edge- 717nm, Near IR- 840nm). The underscore in the image name is followed by the band number; _1 corresponds to blue, _2 corresponds to green, _3 corresponds to red, _4 corresponds to red edge, and _5 corresponds to near infrared. Before the images can be used to create photogrammetry products they need to be radiometrically calibrated to account for changing light conditions. Before flight, calibration photos are taken of a MicaSense calibrated reflectance panel. The photos are calibrated using a photogrammetry software package (Pix4D), and the images taken of a calibrated reflectance panel, standardized reflectance values provided by Micasense, and data from the downwelling light sensor stored in the image headers. The reflectance values for the panel are 0.61 for near infrared, 0.63 for blue, and 0.64 for green, red and rededge. Calibration photos should be chosen to temporally match the UAS photos as closely as possible. Radiometric differences between files may be due to changing light conditions during flight. Process_Date: 2018 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: Sandra Brosnahan Contact_Position: Physical Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: Massachusetts Postal_Code: 02543 Country: U.S.A. Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2265 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508 457 2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: Sbrosnahan@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: After a flight, the SD card is removed from the camera, and all files related to the flight are downloaded and organized by flight number. ExifTool by Phil Harvey (version 10.99) was used to update the image names, and to update metadata in image headers. An example script for renaming and adding Exif tags for flight 1 can be pasted into a command line (an example of this script to rename and tag flight 1 is): exiftool-d 2018015FA_f01m01_%Y%m%dT%H%M%SZ_%%f.%%e "-filename UASmica_nav_fX.csv where fX is the folder name which is the same as the flight number in the format fX where X is the flight number. This command was run from a DOS command window on a Windows 7 machine. Once a separate file was extracted for each flight, the individual files were concatenated together (UASmica_2018015FA_nav.csv) using the cat command in Cygwin. The VI editor was then used to remove all but the first occurrence of the header line. Calibration images were omitted from this process. Process_Date: 2019 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20200806 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: IGS08 (EPOCH:2017.8707) Altitude_Resolution: 0.01 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Attribute values Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: UASmica_2018015FA_nav.csv Entity_Type_Definition: CSV file containing navigation information for every MicaSense image from the USGS field activity 2018-015-FA. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: SourceFile Attribute_Definition: Source file of Exif header extraction in the format of xx/zzzz where xx is the flight number as a folder name and zzzz is the image name. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Text field Attribute: Attribute_Label: FileName Attribute_Definition: Image name in the USGS format. An example filename and the convention is: 2018015FA_f01m01_20180227T161137Z_IMG_0061_4, where 2018015FA is the internal survey ID, f01m01 is the flight number and internal camera ID, 20180227 is the UTC date in format YYYYMMDD, A 'T' is used to separate UTC date from UTC time in format HHMMSS (161137) followed by a Z, and IMG_0061_4 is the original raw photo name appended to the end of the new filename. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Text field Attribute: Attribute_Label: GPSDateStamp Attribute_Definition: UTC date of the photo acquisition in the format YYYY:MM:DD where YYYY is the year, MM is the month, and DD is the day of the month. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Text field Attribute: Attribute_Label: GPSTimeStamp Attribute_Definition: UTC time of the photo acquisition in the format HH:MM:SS where HH is hour, MM is minute, and SS is seconds. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Text field Attribute: Attribute_Label: GPSLongitude Attribute_Definition: Longitude of the camera location at time of photo acquisition with the negative value indicating western hemisphere. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -70.8142344 Range_Domain_Maximum: -70.805469 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: GPSLatitude Attribute_Definition: Latitude of the camera location at time of photo acquisition with the positive value indicating northern hemisphere. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 42.771265 Range_Domain_Maximum: 42.7766778 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: GPSAltitude Attribute_Definition: Vertical position in terms of ellipsoidal height of the camera at time of photo acquisition. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 5.266 Range_Domain_Maximum: 107.97 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: There are no additional attributes besides the tags described in data quality section associated with the aerial images. The images are 16-bit, RGBA, TIFF images. Each image is a single wavelength so will appear grayscale when viewed independently. These detailed attributes are for a subset of Exif header information extracted from the images and provided as a separate file. No Exif header modifications were applied to the calibration images. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: USGS Field Activity 2018-015-FA Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888- 275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: This data release includes raw data in the form of geotagged multispectral aerial images in TIFF format and the calibration images. The images themselves are distributed through EROS EarthExplorer with instructions on how to access the images (Data_access_readme.docx) available on ScienceBase. In addition to the images, the aerial image locations in a CSV file (UASmica_2018015FA_nav.csv), a browse graphic (2018015FA_mica_PlumIsland_browse.jpg) and the FGDC CSDGM metadata in XML format (2018015FA_mica_PlumIsland.xml) are available from ScienceBase. Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF Format_Information_Content: The images are available through EROS EarthExplorer. The metadata, browse graphic, and a separate file of image locations are available from ScienceBase. Transfer_Size: 24600 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/criteria?dataset_name=UAS_RAW&ordered=USGS_WHCMSC_PIEPR_2018_015_20180227_M01&field=COLLECT_NAME Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5c75a772e4b0fe48cb4a5543 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O9NSRK Access_Instructions: The first link is the configurable URL that selects this particular image dataset in EarthExplorer. The second link is to the ScienceBase dataset landing page where the image locations file and instructions for accessing the data in EarthExplorer are available. The third link is to the main landing page of the data release. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: CSV Format_Information_Content: The CSV is the file containing the image locations available from ScienceBase. The images themselves are available through EROS EarthExplorer. The metadata and browse graphic are also available from ScienceBase. Transfer_Size: 2 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5c75a772e4b0fe48cb4a5543 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5c75a772e4b0fe48cb4a5543 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O9NSRK Access_Instructions: The first link downloads the files that are available from the dataset landing page as a zip file. The second link is to the ScienceBase dataset landing page where the image locations file and instructions for accessing the data in EarthExplorer are available. The third link is to the main landing page of the data release. Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: These files require software capable of opening 16-bit, RGBA, TIFF images, and if desired, Exif data associated with the images. In order to download the images from EarthExplorer in bulk mode, the user will need to install additional software on their computer. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20200806 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Sandra Brosnahan Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Physical Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2265 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sbrosnahan@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Access_Constraints: None Metadata_Use_Constraints: None