Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Jennifer A. O'Keefe Suttles Originator: Meagan J. Eagle Originator: Rebecca Sanders-DeMott Originator: Sydney K. Nick Originator: Thomas W. Brooks Originator: Adrian G. Mann Originator: Kevin D. Kroeger Publication_Date: 2022 Title: Continuous Water Level, Salinity, and Temperature Data from Monitoring Wells in Wetlands on the South Shore of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 2020 Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Comma Separated Text files (*.csv). Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9T1KOTW Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9T1KOTW Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/624b36ced34e21f827635c70 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Jennifer A. O'Keefe Suttles Originator: Meagan J. Eagle Originator: Rebecca Sanders-DeMott Originator: Sydney K. Nick Originator: Thomas W. Brooks Originator: Adrian G. Mann Originator: Kevin D. Kroeger Publication_Date: 2022 Title: Continuous Water Level, Salinity, and Temperature Data from Coastal Wetland Monitoring Wells, Cape Cod, Massachusetts Edition: 1 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9T1KOTW Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: O'Keefe Suttles, J.A., Eagle, M.J., Sanders-DeMott, R., Nick, S.K., Brooks, T.W., Mann, A.G., and Kroeger, K.D., 2022, Continuous water level, salinity, and temperature data from coastal wetland monitoring wells, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9T1KOTW Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9T1KOTW Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/624b373bd34e21f827635c77 Description: Abstract: Environmental parameters affecting plant productivity and microbial respiration, such as water level, salinity, and groundwater temperature included in these datasets, are key components of wetland carbon cycling, carbon storage, and capacity to maintain elevation. Data were collected to (1) provide background data to evaluate potential differences in water level and carbon flux between wetland sites with differing elevation and tidal inundation and (2) facilitate applications of Blue Carbon projects in coastal wetlands. Associated child pages include continuous water level, salinity, and temperature from shallow wells installed in coastal wetland sites on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. These datasets are grouped by the project they support or by study site. Project study sites include salt marshes with natural tidal flow, salt marshes that were previously tidally restricted and have been restored, impounded coastal wetlands with restricted tidal flow inclusive of various vegetation types, and Phragmites dominated areas fringing natural salt marshes. Purpose: Two sites were established in locations of the Sage Lot Pond salt marsh complex (Waquoit Bay, Mashpee, MA) dominated by Phragmites vegetation, close to the forested upland. The site closer to the bay experiences more frequent tidal inundation and more saline waters (Unrestricted-High) than the inland site which is at a higher elevation and where fresh groundwater contributes to lower salinity (Unrestricted-Low). Data reported include continuous water level, salinity, and temperature in support of field experiments examining how carbon fluxes vary across a salinity gradient in impounded and natural, tidally unrestricted Phragmites wetlands. Data from the tidally restricted sites at Herring River are available in an accompanying child page within this data release. Supplemental_Information: For more information, see the following field activity: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2020-019-FA Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20200618 Ending_Date: 20201206 Currentness_Reference: Ground Condition. Refer to the entity SLP_WellSensorDeploymentHeights_2020.csv for sensor deployment periods in each well. Also check within the datafile for exact time period of data collection for each sensor. All sensors were not collecting data at all locations for the entire study period; refer to the completeness section of this metadata record for explanations of gaps in the continuous record. Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.0543976 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.0533477 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.5587708 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.5577290 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: wetland ecosystems Theme_Keyword: water temperature Theme_Keyword: groundwater level Theme_Keyword: salinity Theme_Keyword: field experiments Theme_Keyword: field inventory and monitoring Theme_Keyword: CTD measurement Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Agricultural Library Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: salt marshes Theme_Keyword: wetland soils Theme_Keyword: ecological restoration Theme_Keyword: atmospheric pressure Theme_Keyword: wetlands Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters Theme_Keyword: environment Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: water level measurements Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:624b373bd34e21f827635c77 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: Cape Cod (606914) Place_Keyword: Sage Lot Pond (616548) Place_Keyword: Town of Mashpee (618256) Place_Keyword: Barnstable County (606927) Place_Keyword: Commonwealth of Massachusetts (606926) Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: none Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jennifer A. O'Keefe Suttles Contact_Organization: Northeast Region: WOODS HOLE COASTAL and MARINE SCIENCE CENTER Contact_Position: Chemist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2385 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jokeefesuttles@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/624b373bd34e21f827635c77?name=SLP_Phrag_2020.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Photograph of a unrestricted Phragmites wetland in Sage Lot Pond, Cape Cod, MA (Photo Credit: Rebecca Sanders-DeMott). Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Data_Set_Credit: Colleagues at the Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve provided infrastructure and support for site access. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Sanders-DeMott, Rebecca Originator: Eagle, Meagan Originator: Kroeger, Kevin Originator: Wang, Faming Originator: Brooks, T. Wallace Originator: O'Keefe Suttles, Jennifer A. Originator: Nick, Sydney Originator: Mann, Adrian Originator: Tang, Jianwu Publication_Date: 2022 Title: Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes with supporting environmental data from coastal wetlands across Cape Cod, Massachusetts Edition: 1 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9RRL3T0 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Supporting data release. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RRL3T0 Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/62557ae8d34e21f8276f4879 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: O'Keefe Suttles, Jennifer A. Originator: Gonneea, Meagan E. Originator: Brosnahan, Sandra M. Originator: Mann, Adrian G. Originator: Brooks, Thomas W. Originator: Kroeger, Kevin D. Originator: Medeiros, Kelly Originator: Smith, Timothy P. Originator: Wang, Faming Originator: Tang, Jim Publication_Date: 20200625 Title: Continuous Monitoring Data from Herring River Wetlands, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 2015 to January 2020 Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9R4SRTR Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9R4SRTR Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5eab1f3582cefae35a225504 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Well sensors were bench tested for accuracy in the laboratory at the beginning and end of the field season as described below. Data from temperature sensors logging in air were compared to a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Traceable Digital Thermometer (Fisher brand) co-deployed on the bench. Logged temperature readings that were within manufacturer's accuracy specification of temperature measured by the NIST Traceable Thermometer were deemed acceptable. Salinity sensors were checked with a purchased calibration standard (Ricca 50.000 millisiemens per centimeter, catalog number 2248-1) and re-calibrated as needed. Salinity sensors were also field checked periodically and re-calibrated as needed; field service dates are listed in the process steps. Water level sensors were tested in the laboratory for accuracy by comparing logged pressure readings in air to the barometers used for barometric compensation; logged pressure readings that were within manufacturer's accuracy specification of the barometer's logged pressure in air were deemed acceptable. The make and model of the water level logger and barometer used for each water level measurement are included as attributes in the file SLP_WellSensorDeploymentHeights_2020.csv;the manufacturer's accuracy and resolution specifications for each continuous monitoring sensor are stated in the process steps regarding well logger deployment and atmospheric corrections or in the attribute definitions. Note that prior to 7/15/20 a logged data file from a barometer deployed at complimentary site in Wellfleet, MA was used for atmospheric corrections until a barometer was installed at the Sage Lot Pond site. Data were exported as logged by each sensor. Calculated attributes of water level ("dbs" and "WL_NAVD88) from all sensor types are reported to a resolution of 0.001 meters to allow for relative point-to-point comparisons. However, accuracy of these calculated parameters is dependent upon sensor accuracy, manual measurements of deployment depths, and RTK GPS elevation measurements. For example, the unconsolidated nature of the sediment surface at many sites (thick thatch, water above the land surface resulting in wet, fluid, dynamic sediment surface). Overall, the approximate accuracy of this measurement technique is 1-5 centimeters. Logical_Consistency_Report: Each logged parameter set was queried for maximum and minimum values to be sure logged data fell within expected ranges for the environmental conditions. Data were plotted to look for any obvious instrument errors (data jumps or gaps or noisy data). Erroneous data in the logged data files may be the result of one of several sources: removal of an instrument for maintenance, corrupt data file due to malfunctioning instrument, or wells with insufficient water level to produce reliable data. These data were excluded from the final data report. Completeness_Report: Gaps in the continuous data record for a given parameter may have been the result of one of several sources: sensor not deployed during that time period, removal of an instrument for maintenance, corrupt data file due to malfunctioning instrument, or wells with insufficient water level to produce reliable data. Exclusions of data from the continuous record are coded as the unrepresentable domain "NaN" (used in MATLAB, meaning "not a number"). The NaN count for each attribute are included in the domain definition for NaN. In some cases, the sensor error may have affected only one logged parameter. Short periods of NaN usually coincide with field maintenance and download; these dates are listed in the process steps below. Gaps in the continuous record that are not represented by NaN indicate the sensor was not deployed or a large part of a deployment was excluded from the dataset. PVC wells were installed by USGS at 2 sites at the beginning of the study period. Two additional deeper wells were added at each site later in the summer as it became apparent that water level was dropping below the sensors in the original wells. During some periods, data from both the shallow well and deep well may be reported for the same time period; refer to the latitude and longitude attributes to differentiate between wells at each site and the file SLP_WellSensorDeploymentHeights_2020.csv included in this data release for logger deployment periods. As an additional note, observed differences in well water temperature between the deep and shallow wells at a given site are due to different deployment depths of the water level loggers within these wells. The water level sensor in the deep well is further from the land surface than the shallow well logger. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Horizontal positions were determined with a SpectraPrecision (SP80) Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS with Positional Dilution of Precision (PDOP) and Horizontal Dilution of Precision (HDOP) values less than or equal to 1.300 and 0.700 respectively. Based on the range in replicate measurements, the horizontal accuracy is estimated to be +/- 30 centimeters. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Water level loggers were deployed in 4 wells at 2 different locations; sensor depth data from these instruments were converted to water elevation relative to NAVD88 using land surface elevations measured by SpectraPrecision (SP80) Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS. Details on this calculation are described in the process steps. Vertical Dilution of Precision (VDOP) for RTK GPS measurements were less than 1.000; average vertical accuracy of this method is +/- 5 centimeters. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Well Installation: PVC wells were installed by USGS at 2 sites at the beginning of the study period. Two additional deeper wells were added at each site later in the summer as it became apparent that water level was dropping below the sensors in the original wells. Wells consisted of two pre-manufactured sections of 1 inch (2.54 cm) diameter well casing that were threaded together: a length of slotted screened casing and a solid well casing that stuck above the sediment surface. The slot size was 0.010 inch (~ 0.3 mm). The length of slotted section was 2.5 feet (~0.762 meters) for the deeper wells and about 0.5 feet or between 20 and 30 centimeters for the original shallower wells. Wells were installed by pushing the well section into the sediment by hand or lightly tapping the top of the well with a mallet. The tip of the slotted screened well section was pushed about 1 meter below the land surface for deep wells and about 0.3 meters below land surface for shallow wells; the threaded portion (connecting the slotted length with the solid length) was below the sediment surface. Enough well casing remained above the sediment surface (~1.1 meters) to ensure the groundwater well was not over-topped with surface water. A vent hole was drilled near the top of the solid well casing. An eye-bolt was drilled into the inward facing edge of the threaded well cap; water level loggers were hung by aircraft cable threaded through the eye-bolt and through the logger cap and secured on both ends using crimped stainless-steel oval sleeves. Exact well heights and sensor deployment lengths are summarized in a separate entity and attribute section (SLP_WellSensorDeploymentHeights_2020.csv). The process date represents the latest process date. Process_Date: 2020 Process_Step: Process_Description: Well Logger Deployments: All well loggers for this data release were In-Situ, model type Aqua TROLL 200 (30 psi maximum pressure; "a" indicates an absolute pressure sensor that is not vented to the atmosphere). The manufacturer's accuracy specification for this sensor is +/- 0.05 percent full-scale from -5 to 50 degrees Celsius, long-term stability is less than 0.1 percent full-scale; the manufacturer's specification for resolution is 0.005 percent full-scale or better. For specific logger serial numbers used at each site, refer to the file SLP_WellSensorDeploymentHeights_2020.csv included with this data release. Data loggers were periodically downloaded in the field using instrument manufacturers' software (WinSitu); data were inspected for general accuracy. Further data processing and calculation steps are described in the next process steps. Dates of site visits are listed as follows. Phragmites_UnRestricted_LowSal Shallow Well: 6/18/2020, 7/15/2020, 8/12/2020, 8/19/2020, 9/15/2020, 10/14/2020, 12/6/2020. Phragmites_UnRestricted_LowSal Deep Well: 8/12/2020, 8/14/2020, 8/19/2020, 9/15/2020, 10/14/2020, 12/6/2020. Phragmities_UnRestricted_HighSal Shallow Well: 6/18/2020, 7/15/2020, 8/12/2020, 8/19/2020, 9/15/2020, 10/14/2020, 12/6/2020. Phragmities_UnRestricted_HighSal Deep Well: 8/19/2020, 9/15/2020, 10/14/2020, 12/6/2020. The process date represents the most recent end date of this process step. Process_Date: 2020 Process_Step: Process_Description: A barometer (In-Situ BaroTroll 500; serial number 427140) was deployed in air (~1.5 meters from soil surface) at a companion site in Wellfleet, MA and used to atmospherically correct data prior to 07/15/2020. A barometer was deployed at the Sage Lot Pond site on 7/15/2020 and this logged data was used to correct the remainder of the well data from this site (In-Situ BaroTroll 500; serial number 745296). The manufacturer's accuracy specification for this barometric pressure sensor is +/- 0.05 percent full-scale from -5 to 50 degrees Celsius, long-term stability is specified as less than 0.1 percent full-scale; the manufacturer's specification for resolution is 0.005 percent full-scale or better. Manufacturer software (WinSitu BaroMerge) was used to atmospherically correct logged pressure data from the non-vented water level sensors. Corrected pressure was converted to sensor depth assuming a brackish water density for all sites (WinSitu: 1.012 grams per cubic centimeter). Barometric pressure and density corrections were processed throughout the deployment period and checked while finalizing the data report. Corrected pressure and barometric pressure are reported in this data release. Data from all continuous monitoring sensors were exported from manufacturers' software as a .csv file and compiled using MATLAB (R2020b). Water elevation calculations were performed in MATLAB as described in the following process steps. Data resulting from erroneous measurements (malfunctioning sensors or insufficient water within a well) were excluded from the final dataset. Data were processed throughout the deployment period and checked while finalizing the data report; the process date represents the latest date of data processing. Process_Date: 2022 Process_Step: Process_Description: Field measured deployment heights for specific time periods are summarized in a comma separated text file (SLP_WellSensorDeploymentHeights_2020.csv) included with this data release. These deployment heights were used to convert sensor depth (calculated from pressure in the manufacturer's software; described in previous process step) to water depth below land surface (dbs) and water elevation (WL_NAVD88) with respect to NAVD88. Calculations were processed throughout the deployment period in MATLAB (R2020b). Positive dbs indicates water above the land surface; negative dbs indicates water below the land surface. The following parameters are used for these two calculations (units for all measurements are in meters): a: depth of sensor as calculated in manufacturer's software (see previous process step for description of measured pressure data and assumptions of density constants; positive value when sensor pressure is greater than barometric pressure) b: land surface elevation (in the NAVD88 datum) at deployment location measured by RTK (land_surface_elevation; positive above (elevation) and negative below the datum) c: deployment well height above land surface measured periodically in the field using a meter stick (height_above_land_surface; always positive) d: total length of the deployment cable and water level sensor measured in the field using a meter stick (deployment_length; always positive) Well water elevation was calculated as: WL_NAVD88 = a+b+c-d Well water depth below land surface is calculated as: dbs = a+c-d Calculations were processed throughout the deployment period; the process date represents the latest date of data processing. Process_Date: 2022 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) placenames Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 1.0E-5 Longitude_Resolution: 1.0E-5 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Altitude_Resolution: 0.01 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Attribute values Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: SLP_Phrag_Well_2020.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Continuous monitoring of well water level, temperature, and salinity in a tidally unrestricted wetland in Sage Lot Pond, part of the Waquot Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. Raw pressure data, used to calculate water level, is reported as atmospherically corrected pressure (as exported from manufacturers' software). The CSV file also includes latitude and longitude of sensor placement. The dataset includes 41,439 records. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: site_name Attribute_Definition: A text identifier for the general location of the study site. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Sage Lot Pond Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: A data point collected from a tidally unrestricted wetland in Sage Lot Pond, part of the Waquot Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Cape Cod, MA. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: status Attribute_Definition: Hydrological management status of the sampling location Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Unrestricted Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Indicates that the sampling location experiences natural, unrestricted tidal exchange. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: veg_type Attribute_Definition: Dominant vegetation at sampling location. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Phragmites Wetland Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Sampling location is dominated by Phragmites australis. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: sampling_location_name Attribute_Definition: Sampling location name indicating both the hydrological management and salinity status relative to the geographical site as referenced in the accompanying publication. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Unrestricted-High Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Sampling location that experiences natural, unrestricted tidal exchange and is the high salinity plot of the site pair as referenced in the accompanying publication. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Unrestricted-Low Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Sampling location that experiences natural, unrestricted tidal exchange and is the low salinity plot of the site pair as referenced in the accompanying publication. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: latitude Attribute_Definition: Latitude decimal degrees north, NAD83 Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 41.5577290 Range_Domain_Maximum: 41.5587708 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: longitude Attribute_Definition: Longitude decimal degrees west, NAD83. The negative value indicates a location in the western hemisphere. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -70.5043976 Range_Domain_Maximum: -70.5033477 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: date_time Attribute_Definition: A text string identifier for the date and time the data point was logged in the format yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss (UTC). Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 06/18/2020 18:00:00 Range_Domain_Maximum: 12/06/2020 20:30:00 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: mm-dd-yyyy hh:mm:ss (UTC) Attribute: Attribute_Label: temp_well Attribute_Definition: A numeric data value of logged well water temperature. Manufacturer's specifications for temperature accuracy and resolution of In-Situ AquaTroll 200 water level loggers are +/- 0.1 degrees Celsius and 0.01 degrees Celsius or better, respectively. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 8.604 Range_Domain_Maximum: 22.475 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees Celsius Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: The value "NaN" is defined as a textual representation of an erroneous measurement that was excluded from the dataset. After removing the logger from the well for downloading and maintenance, some parameters took time to re-equilibrate to ambient conditions when redeployed. The entity, "SLP_WellSensorDeploymentHeights_2020.csv", may be referenced for specific sensor deployment dates; the process description lists specific dates the logger was removed from the well for downloading. The attribute "temp_well" has 1,044 records with the "NaN" domain. Attribute: Attribute_Label: sal_well Attribute_Definition: A numeric data value of logged well water salinity. Salinity is converted in the manufacturer's software from measured conductivity which has a manufacturer's specification for accuracy of +/- 0.5 percent of the reading + 1 microsiemens per centimeter when reading less than 80,000 microsiemens per centimeter and a resolution of 0.1 microsiemens per centimeter. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 7.778 Range_Domain_Maximum: 30.887 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: practical salinity units (PSU) Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: The value "NaN" is defined as a textual representation of a measurement that was excluded from the dataset. After removing the logger from the well for downloading and maintenance, some parameters took time to requilibrate to ambient conditions when redeployed. The entity, "SLP_WellSensorDeploymentHeights_2020.csv", may be referenced for specific sensor deployment dates; the process description lists specific dates the logger was removed from the well for downloading. The attribute "sal_well" has 1,925 records with the "NaN" domain. Attribute: Attribute_Label: press_atm Attribute_Definition: A numeric data value of atmospheric pressure logged by the barometer using an In-Situ BaroTROLL 500. The manufacturer's accuracy specification for this sensor is +/- 0.05 percent full-scale from -5 to 50 degrees Celsius, long-term stability is specified as less than 0.1 percent full-scale; the manufacturer's specification for resolution is 0.005 percent full-scale or better. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 14.281 Range_Domain_Maximum: 15.049 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: pounds per square inch (PSI) Attribute: Attribute_Label: press_corr Attribute_Definition: A numeric data value of corrected pressure. For non-vented pressure loggers corrected pressure is calculated (in the manufacturers' software) as the difference between the absolute pressure (press_abs) logged by the water level sensor and the atmospheric pressure (press_atm) logged by the barometer. Water level was measured using an In-Situ Aqua TROLL 200-30psia (30 psi maximum pressure; "a" indicates an absolute pressure sensor that is not vented to the atmosphere). The manufacturer's accuracy specification for this sensor is +/- 0.05 percent full-scale from -5 to 50 degrees Celsius, long-term stability is less than 0.1 percent full-scale; the manufacturer's specification for resolution is 0.005 percent full-scale or better. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.030 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.402 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: pounds per square inch (PSI) Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: The value "NaN" is defined as a textual representation of a measurement that was excluded from the dataset. Logged datapoints when the logger was removed from the well for maintenance and downloading were excluded from the dataset. The entity, "SLP_WellSensorDeploymentHeights_2020.csv", may be referenced for specific sensor deployment dates. The attribute "press_corr" has 1,044 records with the "NaN" domain. Attribute: Attribute_Label: dbs Attribute_Definition: A numeric data value of water depth below land surface ("dbs") calculated from field measured sensor deployment depth and pressure logged by the water level sensor. Data reported were collected from wells installed in wetlands; the land surface upon which the well was installed may have been periodically inundated with surface water. "Positive" dbs were periods of land surface inundation by surface water (water over the land surface); "negative" dbs were periods when the land surface was not inundated with surface water and water level was below the land surface. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.526 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.354 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: The value "NaN" is defined as a textual representation of a measurement that was excluded from the dataset; data may have been excluded if water level dropped below the sensor deployment depth or when the sensor was removed from the well for maintenance. The entity, "SLP_WellSensorDeploymentHeights_2020.csv", may be referenced for specific sensor start dates. The attribute "dbs" has 1,044 records with the "NaN" domain. Attribute: Attribute_Label: WL_NAVD88 Attribute_Definition: A numeric data value of water elevation calculated from field measured land surface elevation, sensor deployment depth, and pressure logged by the water level sensor. Calculations for this attribute are described in the process steps. Positive values are above the datum and negative values below. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.029 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.719 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: The value "NaN" is defined as a textual representation of an erroneous measurement that was excluded from the dataset; data may have been excluded if water levels dropped below the sensor deployment depth or when the sensor was removed from the well for maintenance. The entity, "HR_WellSensorDeploymentHeights_2020_2021.csv", may be referenced for specific sensor start dates. The attribute "WL_NAVD88" has 1,044 records with the "NaN" domain. Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: SLP_WellSensorDeploymentHeights_2020.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Summary of land surface elevation, deployment length, and well height measurements for water level loggers deployed at Sage Lot Pond Phragmites sites between June 2020 and December 2020 used in final calculation of water elevation and water depth below land surface. There are 6 records in the table. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: site_name Attribute_Definition: A text identifier for the general location of the study site. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Sage Lot Pond Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: A data point collected from a tidally unrestricted wetland in Sage Lot Pond, part of the Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Cape Cod, MA. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: veg_type Attribute_Definition: A text identifier indicating the vegetation type that now dominates the tidally restricted study site. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Phragmites Wetland Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Sampling location is dominated by Phragmites australis. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: well_type Attribute_Definition: A text identifier indicating the type of well installation used to deploy a water level logger. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: deep Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: A well that is qualified as "deep" was installed with the bottom of the screened section greater than 50 cm below the land surface. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: shallow Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: A well that is qualified as "shallow" was installed with the bottom of the screened section less than 50 cm below the land surface. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: sampling_location_name Attribute_Definition: Sampling location name indicating both the hydrological management and salinity status relative to the geographical site as referenced in the accompanying publication; or a text abbreviation for the study site used in field logs. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined - assuming this Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Unrestricted-High Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Sampling location that experiences natural, unrestricted tidal exchange and is the high salinity plot of the site pair as referenced in the accompanying publication. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Unrestricted-Low Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Sampling location that experiences natural, unrestricted tidal exchange and is the low salinity plot of the site pair as referenced in the accompanying publication. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: start_date Attribute_Definition: A text string identifier for the date the deployment started (in the format mm/dd/yyyy). Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 06/18/2020 Range_Domain_Maximum: 08/19/2020 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: date format mm/dd/yyyy Attribute: Attribute_Label: end_date Attribute_Definition: A text string identifier for the date the deployment ended (in the format mm/dd/yyyy). Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 07/15/2020 Range_Domain_Maximum: 12/06/2020 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: date format mm-dd-yyyy Attribute: Attribute_Label: latitude Attribute_Definition: Latitude decimal degrees north, NAD83. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 41.5577290 Range_Domain_Maximum: 41.5587708 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: longitude Attribute_Definition: Longitude decimal degrees west, NAD83. The negative value indicates a location in the western hemisphere. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -70.5043976 Range_Domain_Maximum: -70.5033477 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: land_surface_elevation Attribute_Definition: A manual measurement of the land surface elevation (NAVD88) at a particular location (coordinates also measured and reported, measurement made using the RTK GPS). Positive values are above the datum and negative values below.. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.3614 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.4965 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: height_above_land_surface Attribute_Definition: A manual measurement (using a measuring stick) of the height above land surface of the well that was used for water level logger deployment. Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.06 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.50 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: deployment_length Attribute_Definition: A manual measurement in meters (using a measuring stick) of the length of the well logger deployment cable (cable plus sensor). Attribute_Definition_Source: Manufacturer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.235 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.130 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: sensor_depth_below_land_surface Attribute_Definition: Calculated deployment depth of the water level logger below the land surface (equal to the deployment_length minus the height_above_land_surface). Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.63 Range_Domain_Maximum: -0.175 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: sensor_WL Attribute_Definition: A text identifier for the manufacturer make and model information of the water level sensor used to collect the given data point. Attribute_Definition_Source: Manufacturer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: In-Situ Aqua TROLL 200-30 psia Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Data point collected using a water level logger manufactured by In-Situ, model type Aqua TROLL 200 (30 psi maximum pressure; "a" indicates an absolute pressure sensor that is not vented to the atmosphere). Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Manufacturer-defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: WL_sn Attribute_Definition: A numeric identifier of the serial number of the water level logger; it is created by the manufacturer to uniquely tag each water level sensor. Attribute_Definition_Source: Manufacturer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: The serial number of each water level logger is a numeric identifier, created by the manufacturer, to uniquely tag each piece of equipment. Attribute: Attribute_Label: sensor_baro Attribute_Definition: A text identifier for the manufacturer make and model information of the barometer used to atmospherically correct absolute pressure data collected by non-vented water level sensors. Attribute_Definition_Source: Manufacturer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: In-Situ BaroTROLL 500 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: An atmospheric pressure (press_atm) data point collected using a barometer manufactured by In-Situ, model type BaroTROLL 500. The manufacturer's accuracy specification for this sensor is +/- 0.05 percent full-scale from -5 to 50 degrees Celsius, long-term stability is specified as less than 0.1 percent full-scale; the manufacturer's specification for resolution is 0.005 percent full-scale or better. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Manufacturer-defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: baro_sn Attribute_Definition: A numeric identifier, the barometer serial number is used to uniquely tag each barometer. Attribute_Definition_Source: Manufacturer-defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: The serial number of each barometer is a numeric identifier, created by the manufacturer, to uniquely tag each piece of equipment. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: United States of America Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: This dataset contains 2 individual comma separated text files: SLP_Phrag_Well_2020.csv; SLP_WellSensorDeploymentHeights_2020.csv. The dataset also contains a browse graphic (SLP_Phrag_2020.jpg) and the FGDC CSDGM metadata in XML format (SLP_wells_meta_2020.xml). Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: CSV Format_Information_Content: The dataset is in a comma separated text file format as is the logger deployment file. Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/624b373bd34e21f827635c77 Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/624b373bd34e21f827635c77 Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9T1KOTW Access_Instructions: The first link in network resources downloads all the data to a zip file. The second link goes to the landing page of the dataset where individual files can be downloaded manually, and the third link points to the main data release landing. Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: The zip file resulting from the first network resource link contains data in CSV format. The user must have software capable of uncompressing the zip file and reading the data formats. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20220526 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jennifer A. O'Keefe Suttles Contact_Organization: Northeast Region: WOODS HOLE COASTAL AND MARINE SCIENCE CENTER Contact_Position: Chemist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2385 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is not longer with USGS. Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998