Geotagged sea-floor photographs and location of bottom photographs collected in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, in May 2016 and May 2017 by the U.S. Geological Survey during field activities 2016-005-FA and 2017-022-FA (JPEG images, point shapefile, and CSV file)

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Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 20201116
Title:
Geotagged sea-floor photographs and location of bottom photographs collected in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, in May 2016 and May 2017 by the U.S. Geological Survey during field activities 2016-005-FA and 2017-022-FA (JPEG images, point shapefile, and CSV file)
Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster, vector, and tabular digital data
Series_Information:
Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9UK5IOF
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
Publisher:
U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UK5IOF
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Emily C. Huntley
Originator: Seth D. Ackerman
Originator: Laura L. Brothers
Originator: Dann S. Blackwood
Originator: Barry J. Irwin
Originator: Elizabeth A. Pendleton
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:
Sea-floor sediment and imagery data collected in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, 2016 and 2017
Edition: 1.0
Series_Information:
Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9UK5IOF
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details:
Suggested citation: Huntley, E.C., Ackerman, S.D., Brothers, L.L., Blackwood, D.S., Irwin, B.J., and Pendleton, E.A., 2020, Sea-floor sediment and imagery data collected in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, 2016 and 2017: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UK5IOF.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UK5IOF
Description:
Abstract:
Two marine geological surveys were conducted in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, in May 2016 and May 2017 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as part of an agreement with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management to map the geology of the sea floor offshore of Massachusetts. Samples of surficial sediment and photographs of the sea floor were collected at 76 sampling sites within the survey area, and sea-floor videos were collected at 75 of the sites. The sediment data and the observations from the photos and videos are used to explore the nature of the sea floor; in conjunction with high-resolution geophysical data, the observations are used to make interpretive maps of sedimentary environments and validate acoustic remote sensing data.
Purpose:
This dataset provides access to the geotagged sea-floor photographs and locations of bottom photographs acquired with a GoPro HERO4 Black camera on the Mini SEABed Observation and Sampling System (MiniSEABOSS) aboard the Research Vessel (R/V) Rafael during USGS field activity 2016-005-FA (May 2 to May 7, 2016) and aboard the R/V Tioga during USGS field activity 2017-022-FA (May 4, 2017). These data were collected to characterize the sea floor by identifying sediment texture and to ground-truth acoustic data collected during USGS field activity 2013-003-FA (Ackerman and others, 2016). Bottom photos serve as a means to visually classify grain size and identify sea-floor habitats, and they are especially important for sample sites where no physical sediment sample was collected.
Supplemental_Information:
See the larger work citation to view the sea-floor videos, location of bottom video tracklines, and locations and grain-size analysis results of sediment samples collected during the surveys. For more information about these field activities, see https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2016-005-FA and https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2017-022-FA.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20160502
Ending_Date: 20170504
Currentness_Reference:
Data were collected on the following dates: 20160502, 20160503, 20160507, and 20170504
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.173002
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.037282
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.435695
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.320672
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
Theme_Keyword: CMHRP
Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC
Theme_Keyword: Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management
Theme_Keyword: MassCZM
Theme_Keyword: MA CZM
Theme_Keyword: CZM
Theme_Keyword: ground-truth
Theme_Keyword: bottom photographs
Theme_Keyword: seabed photographs
Theme_Keyword: photos
Theme_Keyword: bottom images
Theme_Keyword: seabed images
Theme_Keyword: images
Theme_Keyword: stations
Theme_Keyword: seafloor
Theme_Keyword: sea floor
Theme_Keyword: marine geology
Theme_Keyword: sediments
Theme_Keyword: MiniSEABOSS
Theme_Keyword: SEABOSS
Theme_Keyword: SEABed Observation and Sampling System
Theme_Keyword: GoPro HERO4 Black
Theme_Keyword: shapefile
Theme_Keyword: CSV
Theme_Keyword: JPG
Theme_Keyword: JPEG
Theme_Keyword: field activity 2016-005-FA
Theme_Keyword: field activity 2017-022-FA
Theme_Keyword: R/V Rafael
Theme_Keyword: R/V Tioga
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: underwater photography
Theme_Keyword: image collections
Theme_Keyword: photography
Theme_Keyword: navigational data
Theme_Keyword: marine geology
Theme_Keyword: sea-floor characteristics
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Theme_Keyword: location
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords
Theme_Keyword: marine geology
Theme_Keyword: photographic sampling
Theme_Keyword: photography
Theme_Keyword: continental shelf
Theme_Keyword: sound
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:5f11ed4882ce21d4c409d2dd
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: North America
Place_Keyword: United States
Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean
Place_Keyword: Massachusetts
Place_Keyword: Nantucket Sound
Place_Keyword: Nantucket
Stratum:
Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Stratum_Keyword: sea floor
Stratum_Keyword: seafloor
Stratum_Keyword: seabed
Temporal:
Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Temporal_Keyword: 2016
Temporal_Keyword: 2017
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name: Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
Map of sea-floor photograph locations in the survey area in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts.
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Seth D. Ackerman
Originator: Laura L. Brothers
Originator: David S. Foster
Originator: Brian D. Andrews
Originator: Wayne E. Baldwin
Originator: William C. Schwab
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:
High-resolution geophysical data from the inner continental shelf: South of Martha’s Vineyard and north of Nantucket, Massachusetts
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2016–1168
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161168
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
Sea-floor photos were acquired with a 12-megapixel GoPro HERO4 Black camera using the default settings; file sizes are generally between 2 and 3 MB on disc. Camera time drift and the precision with which the camera time can be set often result in a time offset. The GoPro camera time was set to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). During photo processing, calibration photographs indicated that, in 2016, the camera time was 22 seconds ahead of the Global Positioning System (GPS) time on Julian day 123, 29 seconds ahead on Julian day 124, and 46 seconds ahead on Julian day 128, and, in 2017, the camera time was 92 seconds behind the GPS time throughout the survey. These time offsets were corrected during photo processing.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
Two GoPro HERO4 Black cameras were mounted on the MiniSEABOSS: a lower camera, which acquired bottom photos, and an upper camera, which recorded backup bottom video. All bottom photographs were acquired with the lower GoPro camera. The lower GoPro camera also acquired additional backup video on the first survey day (Julian day 123) in 2016, so the photos collected that day have a different dimension (3840 x 2160) from the photos acquired during the remaining survey days (4000 x 3000). The GoPro camera was set to capture photos every 2 to 5 seconds during a MiniSEABOSS deployment in 2016 and every 1 second in 2017. Gaps in sequential photo numbers exist because representative photos with a clear view of the sea floor for each site were chosen for publication. Navigation and video were not recorded for one site (site 2016-005-043), so a bottom photograph taken when the MiniSEABOSS was resting on the sea floor and the sediment sample from the site were mapped at the closest available fix, which was shortly after the MiniSEABOSS was lifted off the sea floor at the site; the bottom photo from this site has a different time offset than the offset applied to the other photos taken on the same day. An additional photo that did not intersect a video trackline was also included in this dataset: one photo that was taken a few seconds before the start of the video trackline at site 2016-005-044 was selected for publication since it had a clear view of the sea floor.
Completeness_Report:
This dataset includes geotagged sea-floor photographs in JPEG format and a shapefile and CSV file of the locations of photos collected during field activities 2016-005-FA and 2017-022-FA. Seventy-six sites were occupied within the study area, and bottom photos were acquired at all of the sites with a GoPro HERO4 Black camera mounted on the MiniSEABOSS. Representative photos with a clear view of the sea floor for each site were chosen for publication. Navigation and video were not recorded for one site (site 2016-005-043), so a bottom photograph taken when the MiniSEABOSS was resting on the sea floor and the sediment sample from the site were mapped at the closest available fix, which was shortly after the MiniSEABOSS was lifted off the sea floor at the site. A total of 255 photos for all 76 sites are included in this dataset.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
The original JPEG images alone do not represent spatial data; however, the photos were geolocated during post-processing by linking the time the photo was taken to the corresponding time in the navigation data. Sources of horizontal inaccuracy may be due to the camera time or navigation data. In 2016, the GoPro camera time was 22 seconds ahead of the GPS time on Julian day 123, 29 seconds ahead on Julian day 124, and 46 seconds ahead on Julian day 128. In 2017, the GoPro camera time was 92 seconds behind the GPS time. These time offsets were corrected during photo processing. Navigation for field activity 2016-005-FA used a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). The DGPS was set to receive fixes at a 2-second interval in geographic coordinates (World Geodetic System of 1984 [WGS 84]). The fixes were later interpolated to get 1-second navigation. For field activity 2017-022-FA, navigation data for the R/V Tioga from a GPS were provided by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The 2017 navigation was collected at a 1-second interval in geographic coordinates (WGS 84); however, the navigation data were noisy, so a fix every 4 seconds was extracted and then interpolated to get smoother 1-second navigation. The recorded position of each photograph is the position of the DGPS/GPS antenna on the survey vessel, located on the aft port side of the R/V Rafael's cabin just off the centerline in 2016 and on the forward center of the R/V Tioga's wheelhouse in 2017, not the location of the MiniSEABOSS. The MiniSEABOSS was deployed approximately 2 meters to the starboard side of the DGPS antenna in 2016 and approximately 13 meters aft the GPS antenna in 2017. No layback or offset was applied to the recorded position. In addition, the sampler may drift away from the survey vessel when deployed to the sea floor. Based on the various sources of horizontal offsets, a conservative estimate of the horizontal accuracy of the bottom photograph locations is 2-4 meters in 2016 and 13-15 meters in 2017. Navigation was not recorded for one site (site 2016-005-043), so the photo from this site was mapped at the closest available fix, which was shortly after the MiniSEABOSS was lifted off the sea floor at the site.
Lineage:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Step 1: Collected data.
Two marine geological surveys were conducted in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, in May 2016 and May 2017. The survey vessel occupied one of the target sites and the MiniSEABOSS was deployed off the vessel's starboard side in 2016 and off the vessel's stern in 2017. The MiniSEABOSS was equipped with a modified Van Veen grab sampler, two GoPro HERO4 Black digital cameras (the lower camera acquired bottom photos and the upper camera recorded backup bottom video), an oblique downward-looking SeaViewer 6000 HD Sea-Drop video camera with a topside feed, and a dive light to illuminate the sea floor for video and photograph collection. The elements of this particular MiniSEABOSS system were held within a stainless-steel frame that measured ~1 x 1 meter. The frame had a stabilizer fin that oriented the system as it drifted over the seabed. Two red lasers were set 20 centimeters apart (both as they are mounted on the MiniSEABOSS frame and as seen in photographs and video on the seabed) for scale measurements. The red laser dots can usually be seen in the sea-floor photos and videos depending on the bottom type and distance to the sea floor. A third laser is positioned at an angle so that when it intersects the other lasers, the MiniSEABOSS is at the optimum height (approximately 75 centimeters) off the bottom for a photograph. The winch operator lowered the sampler until the sea floor was observed in the topside live video feed. Generally, the vessel and sampler drifted with wind and current for up to a few minutes to ensure a decent photo with a clear view of the sea floor was acquired. The GoPro camera was set to capture photos every 2 to 5 seconds during a MiniSEABOSS deployment in 2016 and every 1 second in 2017. The photographed area is most often within 0.5 to 1.25 meters from left to right. Bottom video was also recorded during the drift. Then, the winch operator lowered the Van Veen sampler until it rested on the sea floor. When the system was raised, the Van Veen sampler closed and collected a sample as it was lifted off the sea floor. The sampler was recovered to the deck of the survey vessel where a subsample was taken for grain-size analysis at the sediment laboratory at the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center. A total of 76 sites were occupied with the MiniSEABOSS: 55 sites were occupied aboard the R/V Rafael in May 2016 during field activity 2016-005-FA, and 21 sites were occupied aboard the R/V Tioga in May 2017 during field activity 2017-022-FA. Bottom photographs were collected at all 76 sites.
Process_Date: 20170504
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Original JPEG photographs
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Step 2: Acquired and processed navigation.
During field activity 2016-005-FA, DGPS navigation from a Hemisphere DGPS receiver was logged through HYPACK navigation software and a DataBridge data logger. The DGPS was set to receive fixes at a 2-second interval in geographic coordinates (WGS 84). Dates and times were recorded in UTC. Log files for each MiniSEABOSS deployment were saved in text format and then combined for each Julian day. An AWK script (awkseth.gprmc.16005.awk) was used to parse the GPRMC navigation string from the log files and create ASCII Comma Separated Values (CSV) text files. The output files were merged and then reformatted using an AWK script (nav_time_reformat.awk), creating a processed navigation CSV text file for the survey (2016-005-FA_OdysseyAudioStamp_nav_ALL.csv). For field activity 2017-022-FA, a GPS log file in text format for the R/V Tioga was provided by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The navigation was collected at a 1-second interval in geographic coordinates (WGS 84), and dates and times were recorded in UTC. An AWK script (awksethTioga.gprmc.17022.awk) was used to parse the GPRMC navigation string from the log file, creating a processed navigation CSV text file for the survey (2017022FA_TiogaShip_nav.csv).
Process_Date: 2017
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Processed navigation files
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Step 3: Identified camera time offset for photos.
The original JPEG images do not represent spatial data; however, they were geotagged in a subsequent process step by linking the time the photo was taken, which was recorded in the JPEG files' Exchangeable image file format (Exif) metadata tags, to the corresponding time in the navigation files. Before geotagging the photos, the GoPro camera time, which was set to UTC, was compared to the GPS time using calibration photos to see if a time offset should be applied to the camera time of the photos. Camera time drift and the precision with which the camera time can be set often result in a time offset. Throughout the surveys, photos of an accurate UTC time (as shown on the navigation system or on the video, which had an overlay of the GPS time) were taken with the GoPro camera so that the camera time could be calibrated to the GPS time during photo processing. These calibration photographs indicated that the camera time was 22 seconds ahead of the GPS time on Julian day 123 and 29 seconds ahead of the GPS time on Julian day 124 during the 2016 survey. Calibration photographs were not available for Julian day 128 in 2016, so two photographs from that day were visually compared to the sea-floor video (which was recorded with an overlay of the GPS time) and found to have a camera time 46 seconds ahead of the GPS time. In 2017, calibration photographs indicated that the camera time was 92 seconds behind the GPS time. These time offsets were corrected in a later process step. Since different time offsets were applied to each survey day in 2016, the 2016 bottom photographs were renamed with a prefix of the Julian day (e.g., G0020192.JPG was renamed JD123_G0020192.JPG). This process step and the subsequent process steps were performed by the same person, Emily Huntley.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Original JPEG photographs
Process_Date: 201807
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Renamed JPEG photographs
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Emily Huntley
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geographer/Database Specialist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ehuntley@contractor.usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Step 4: Interpolated to create 1-second navigation.
The navigation fixes were interpolated to create 1-second navigation. This was done because the application used to geotag the bottom photos would have interpolated between fixes; therefore, before running the application, the navigation was interpolated so that the sediment and imagery data could be mapped using the same 1-second navigation. To interpolate the 2016 navigation data, first, a column of the original source filename was deleted from the processed navigation CSV text file (2016-005-FA_OdysseyAudioStamp_nav_ALL.csv). Next, a shapefile was created from the CSV file in Esri ArcGIS (version 10.3.1) and projected to WGS 84 UTM Zone 19N so that the distance in meters between the navigation fixes could be calculated. Then, the Generate Near Table tool was run using the planar method with the input and output features set to the UTM navigation shapefile and with the option checked to find only the closest feature. The output table was used to identify erroneous fixes, and two erroneous fixes were deleted from the navigation CSV text file. A Jupyter Notebook Python script (Interp_NAV_Dec2019_for_Nantucket2016-005-FA.ipynb) was run to interpolate and create a CSV text file of 1-second navigation. The original 2-second fixes were logged only when the video was recorded, so the script also interpolated between the end point of a video trackline and the start point of the next trackline. To create a final file of 1-second navigation, the points between the video trackline start and end times were extracted (which removed the interpolated positions during the transits between the video tracklines) and were saved as a CSV text file (out_interp_2016Nantucket_sel_for_gpx.csv). The CSV file was reorganized and formatted to have fields of the latitude, longitude, hours, minutes, seconds, Julian day, year, field activity ID, and Julian day and time. Finally, the CSV text file was converted to a GPX file (out_interp_2016Nantucket_sel.gpx), which is a GPS track log file format supported by ExifTool, using GPS Visualizer (http://www.gpsvisualizer.com/convert_input?convert_format=gpx, accessed December 20, 2019). For the 2017 survey, navigation data were logged for the full Julian day, including when the survey vessel was at the dock and when it was transiting to, from, and between the sampling sites. First, the navigation data from 13:30:00 to 19:14:59 were extracted from the processed navigation CSV text file (2017022FA_TiogaShip_nav.csv) to remove the navigation logged at, departing, and returning to the dock. Next, columns of the original source filename and time (the hours, minutes, and seconds were listed individually in other columns) were deleted from the CSV text file, and leading spaces were deleted as needed. Then, a shapefile was created from the CSV file in Esri ArcGIS (version 10.3.1) and projected to WGS 84 UTM Zone 19N so that the distance in meters between the navigation fixes could be calculated. The Generate Near Table tool was run using the planar method with the input and output features set to the UTM navigation shapefile and with the option checked to find only the closest feature. The output table was used to identify erroneous fixes, but no erroneous fixes were identified. The navigation data, however, were noisy. To smooth the data, the coordinates were rounded from seven to six decimal places and every fourth fix was extracted. A Jupyter Notebook Python script (Interp_NAV_Dec2019_for_Nantucket2017-022-FA.ipynb) was run to interpolate and create a CSV text file of 1-second navigation (2017022FA_TiogaShip_nav_4secint_round6_interp_for_gpx.csv). The CSV file was reorganized and formatted to have fields of the latitude, longitude, hours, minutes, seconds, Julian day, year, field activity ID, and Julian day and time to create a final CSV file of 1-second navigation for the survey. Finally, the CSV text file was converted to a GPX file (2017022FA_TiogaShip_nav_4secint_round6_interp.gpx) using GPS Visualizer (http://www.gpsvisualizer.com/convert_input?convert_format=gpx, accessed December 15, 2019).
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Processed navigation files
Process_Date: 201912
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: GPX navigation files
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Step 5: Geotagged the photos and incorporated survey information into the photos' metadata tags.
The following commands were used with ExifTool (version 11.86) to geotag the photos by populating the GPS tags and to incorporate additional survey information into the appropriate metadata tags of each JPEG image. Since the photos were acquired during two surveys and various time offsets were applied to each Julian day of surveying, different commands were run for each day's photos using slightly different tags. In the commands below, the "-geosync" value is equal to the time offset identified in a previous process step; it is the time difference in seconds that is added to the camera time before determining the photo's GPS time and location with a leading "+" or "-" added for positive or negative differences (negative if the camera clock was ahead of the GPS time). Survey information is duplicated in some tags because various software packages access different tags. Please note that depending on the software used to view the metadata tags, only a subset of these tags may be extracted. For more information about the ExifTool commands, see https://exiftool.org/geotag.html and https://exiftool.org/faq.html.
2016 photos from Julian day 123:
exiftool -api GeoMaxIntSecs=0 -api GeoMaxExtSecs=0 -P -m -geotag ./out_interp_2016Nantucket_sel.gpx -geosync=-22 '-geotime<${DateTimeOriginal}+00:00' -Artist="Laura L. Brothers" -Copyright="Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey" -ImageDescription="Photograph of the sea floor in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, from survey 2016-005-FA" -Caption-Abstract="Photograph of the sea floor in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, from survey 2016-005-FA" -Contact="WHSC_data_contact@usgs.gov" -CopyrightNotice="Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey" -Credit="U.S. Geological Survey" -sep ", " -keywords="Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, 2016-005-FA, SEABOSS, sea floor, USGS" -comment="Photo from down-looking camera on the USGS SEABOSS deployed from the R/V Rafael during survey 2016-005-FA (https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2016-005-FA)." -Caption="Photograph of the sea floor in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, from survey 2016-005-FA" ./2016_originals/JD123*
2016 photos from Julian day 124:
exiftool -api GeoMaxIntSecs=0 -api GeoMaxExtSecs=0 -P -m -geotag ./out_interp_2016Nantucket_sel.gpx -geosync=-29 '-geotime<${DateTimeOriginal}+00:00' -Artist="Laura L. Brothers" -Copyright="Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey" -ImageDescription="Photograph of the sea floor in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, from survey 2016-005-FA" -Caption-Abstract="Photograph of the sea floor in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, from survey 2016-005-FA" -Contact="WHSC_data_contact@usgs.gov" -CopyrightNotice="Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey" -Credit="U.S. Geological Survey" -sep ", " -keywords="Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, 2016-005-FA, SEABOSS, sea floor, USGS" -comment="Photo from down-looking camera on the USGS SEABOSS deployed from the R/V Rafael during survey 2016-005-FA (https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2016-005-FA)." -Caption="Photograph of the sea floor in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, from survey 2016-005-FA" ./2016_originals/JD124*
2016 photos from Julian day 128:
exiftool -api GeoMaxIntSecs=0 -api GeoMaxExtSecs=0 -P -m -geotag ./out_interp_2016Nantucket_sel.gpx -geosync=-46 '-geotime<${DateTimeOriginal}+00:00' -Artist="Laura L. Brothers" -Copyright="Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey" -ImageDescription="Photograph of the sea floor in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, from survey 2016-005-FA" -Caption-Abstract="Photograph of the sea floor in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, from survey 2016-005-FA" -Contact="WHSC_data_contact@usgs.gov" -CopyrightNotice="Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey" -Credit="U.S. Geological Survey" -sep ", " -keywords="Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, 2016-005-FA, SEABOSS, sea floor, USGS" -comment="Photo from down-looking camera on the USGS SEABOSS deployed from the R/V Rafael during survey 2016-005-FA (https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2016-005-FA)." -Caption="Photograph of the sea floor in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, from survey 2016-005-FA" ./2016_originals/JD128*
2017 photos:
exiftool -api GeoMaxIntSecs=0 -api GeoMaxExtSecs=0 -P -m -geotag ./2017022FA_TiogaShip_nav_4secint_round6_interp.gpx -geosync=+92 '-geotime<${DateTimeOriginal}+00:00' -Artist="Laura L. Brothers" -Copyright="Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey" -ImageDescription="Photograph of the sea floor in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, from survey 2017-022-FA" -Caption-Abstract="Photograph of the sea floor in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, from survey 2017-022-FA" -Contact="WHSC_data_contact@usgs.gov" -CopyrightNotice="Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey" -Credit="U.S. Geological Survey" -sep ", " -keywords="Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, 2017-022-FA, SEABOSS, sea floor, USGS" -comment="Photo from down-looking camera on the USGS SEABOSS deployed from the R/V Tioga during survey 2017-022-FA (https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2017-022-FA)." -Caption="Photograph of the sea floor in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, from survey 2017-022-FA" ./2017_originals
The following tags were populated in the JPEG image headers using the above ExifTool commands:
GPS tags (these values are unique for each photo and based on the matched-up location data):
GPSLatitudeRef GPSLatitude GPSLongitudeRef GPSLongitude GPSTimeStamp GSPDateStamp
Exif tags and the information used to populate these tags:
Artist: Laura L. Brothers
Copyright: Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey
ImageDescription (2016 photos): Photograph of the sea floor in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, from survey 2016-005-FA
ImageDescription (2017 photos): Photograph of the sea floor in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, from survey 2017-022-FA
International Press Telecommunications Council (IPTC) tags and the information used to populate these tags:
Caption-Abstract (2016 photos): Photograph of the sea floor in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, from survey 2016-005-FA
Caption-Abstract (2017 photos): Photograph of the sea floor in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, from survey 2017-022-FA
Contact: WHSC_data_contact@usgs.gov
CopyrightNotice: Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey
Credit: U.S. Geological Survey
Keywords (2016 photos): Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, 2016-005-FA, SEABOSS, sea floor, USGS
Keywords (2017 photos): Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, 2017-022-FA, SEABOSS, sea floor, USGS
JPEG tag and the information used to populate this tag:
Comment (2016 photos): Photo from down-looking camera on the USGS SEABOSS deployed from the R/V Rafael during survey 2016-005-FA (https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2016-005-FA).
Comment (2017 photos): Photo from down-looking camera on the USGS SEABOSS deployed from the R/V Tioga during survey 2017-022-FA (https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2017-022-FA).
Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP) tag and the information used to populate this tag:
Caption (2016 photos): Photograph of the sea floor in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, from survey 2016-005-FA
Caption (2017 photos): Photograph of the sea floor in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, from survey 2017-022-FA
To extract the information from the photo metadata tags using ExifTool, the following command can be used (tested with ExifTool version 11.86):
exiftool -csv -f -filename -GPSTimeStamp -GPSDateStamp -GPSLatitude -GPSLongitude -c "%+.7f" -Artist -Copyright -ImageDescription -Caption-Abstract -Contact -CopyrightNotice -Credit -keywords -comment -Caption *.JPG > out.csv
The -csv option writes the information to a CSV file. The -c option formats the latitude and longitude as signed decimal degrees with seven decimal places. Please note that the above command was tested on macOS; Windows users may need to use "exiftool.exe" instead of "exiftool."
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Original JPEG photographs
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: GPX navigation files
Process_Date: 202002
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: JPEG photographs with updated metadata tags
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Step 6: Renamed the photos.
The photographs were renamed to include the field activity identifier, camera, and GPS date and time in the ISO 8601 standard (YYYYMMDD T [time separator] HHMMSS Z [Zulu/UTC time]) in the filename. Renaming the photos was done by creating a shell script with the original photo name and the new photo name with the GPS date and time information parsed from the photo's Exif metadata tags.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: JPEG photographs with updated metadata tags
Process_Date: 202002
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Renamed JPEG photographs with updated metadata tags
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Step 7: Culled the photos.
Photos with no corresponding navigation data, which included 118 photos from the 2016 survey and 99 photos from 2017, were removed from the dataset. Most of these photos were taken on deck or in the water column. Since the photos were captured every 2 to 5 seconds in 2016 and every 1 second in 2017, the remaining bottom photographs were culled to select a few representative photos for each site for publication. To do this, photos that intersected a bottom video trackline were selected to remove photos collected within the water column or on deck. The selected photos were then reviewed to choose representative photos with a clear view of the sea floor. If a site had many photos with a clear view of the sea floor, then a photo generally every 15 to 20 seconds was selected for publication. Navigation was not recorded for site 2016-005-043, so a bottom photograph taken when the MiniSEABOSS was resting on the sea floor was given the coordinates of the closest available fix, which was shortly after the MiniSEABOSS was lifted off the sea floor at the site, using ExifTool and added to the dataset. An additional photo that did not intersect a video trackline was also added to the dataset; one photo that was taken a few seconds before the start of the video trackline at site 2016-005-044 was selected for publication since it had a clear view of the sea floor.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Renamed JPEG photographs with updated metadata tags
Process_Date: 202006
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Final JPEG photographs
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Step 8: Created a CSV file of the bottom photo locations.
The information from the photo metadata tags was extracted using the following ExifTool (version 11.86) command:
exiftool -csv -f -filename -GPSTimeStamp -DateTimeOriginal -GPSDateStamp -GPSLatitude -GPSLongitude -c "%+.7f" *.JPG > out.csv
Microsoft Excel 2016 for Mac was used to rename the field names for the filename (PICNAME), GPS time (GPSTIME), original camera time (CAMR_TIME), GPS date (DATE), latitude (LAT), and longitude (LONG); add new fields including an attribute for the camera (CAMERA), time offset applied to the camera time (TIMEOFFSET), Julian day of collection (JD), year of collection (YEAR), survey ID (FA_ID), sampling device used to collect the photo (DEVICE_ID), and survey vessel (VEHICLE_ID); and remove additional fields extracted from the ExifTool command.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Final JPEG photos
Process_Date: 202006
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Bottom photo locations CSV file
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Step 9: Created a final shapefile and CSV file of the bottom photo locations.
A shapefile was created from the bottom photos locations CSV file using the XY Table To Point tool in Esri ArcGIS Pro (version 2.4). The Spatial Join tool was then run to calculate the site number (FIELD_NO) and video trackline (LINENAME) for each bottom photo by joining the attributes of the bottom video tracklines shapefile using the intersect match option with a search radius of 0.01 meters. Two of the bottom photos did not intersect a bottom video trackline, so the site number (FIELD_NO) was assigned to the photo and a no data value of -9999 was added to the blank video trackline attribute (LINENAME). Unnecessary fields created when running the Spatial Join tool were deleted (i.e., Join_Count and TARGET_FID). Finally, the shapefile's attribute table was exported in Esri ArcGIS Pro and saved as a CSV file. The FID field was deleted in the CSV file.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Bottom photo locations CSV file
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Bottom video tracklines shapefile
Process_Date: 202006
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Final bottom photo locations shapefile
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Final bottom photo locations CSV file
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
SDTS_Terms_Description:
SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point
Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 255
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Geographic:
Latitude_Resolution: 0.0000001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.0000001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: 2016-005-FA_and_2017-022-FA_photos
Entity_Type_Definition:
Bottom photo locations and bottom photos collected during USGS field activities 2016-005-FA and 2017-022-FA in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, in 2016 and 2017.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FID
Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape
Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: PICNAME
Attribute_Definition:
Name of bottom photo used to uniquely identify between surveys, cameras, and photos: e.g., 2016005FA_GoPro4_20160502T134350Z_G0020192.JPG where 2016005FA refers to the field activity, GoPro4 refers to the camera, 20160502T134350Z refers to the photo GPS date and time in the ISO 8601 standard (YYYYMMDD T [time separator] HHMMSS Z [Zulu/UTC time]), and G0020192 refers to the sequential photo number assigned to the photo by the camera.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: String used to distinguish photos.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: CAMERA
Attribute_Definition: Camera used to collect bottom photo.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
String used to distinguish between different camera models mounted on the sampler.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: GPSTIME
Attribute_Definition:
UTC time of bottom photo from GPS navigation file in the format HH:MM:SS.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
String used to distinguish the UTC times of the bottom photos determined by the GPS.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: CAMR_TIME
Attribute_Definition: Camera time of bottom photo in UTC in the format HH:MM:SS.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
String used to distinguish the camera times of the bottom photos determined from the camera's internal clock.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: TIMEOFFSET
Attribute_Definition:
Offset applied, if any, to match the bottom photo to the correct time determined by the GPS navigation. This field is the time difference between the camera time and the GPS time in UTC in the format HH:MM:SS. A value of "00:00:00" indicates no offset was applied in processing. If the camera time were X seconds behind the GPS time, a positive offset of +X would be applied. If the camera were Y seconds ahead of the GPS time, a negative offset of -Y would be applied.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
String used to distinguish the time offsets of the bottom photos.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: JD
Attribute_Definition:
Julian day that the bottom photo was collected based on UTC time; Julian day is the integer number representing the interval of time in days since January 1 of the year.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 123
Range_Domain_Maximum: 128
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Julian days
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: YEAR
Attribute_Definition: Year that the bottom photo was collected.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 2016
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2017
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: DATE
Attribute_Definition:
Date based on UTC time that the bottom photo was collected in the format YYYYMMDD.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: String used to distinguish dates.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: LAT
Attribute_Definition: Latitude of bottom photo in geographic coordinates, WGS 84.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 41.3206717
Range_Domain_Maximum: 41.4356950
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.0000001
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: LONG
Attribute_Definition: Longitude of bottom photo in geographic coordinates, WGS 84.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -70.1730025
Range_Domain_Maximum: -70.0372820
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.0000001
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FIELD_NO
Attribute_Definition: Site number as assigned in the field.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: String used to distinguish site numbers.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: LINENAME
Attribute_Definition:
Name of bottom video used to uniquely identify between surveys, cameras, and video files: e.g., 2016005FA_SeaViewer_20160502T134251Z_CLIP0000045.mp4 where 2016005FA refers to the field activity identifier, SeaViewer refers to the camera, 20160502T134251Z refers to the date and start time in the ISO 8601 standard (YYYYMMDD T [time separator] HHMMSS Z [Zulu/UTC time]), and CLIP0000045 refers to the sequential video number assigned to the video by the camera.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: String used to distinguish bottom videos.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FA_ID
Attribute_Definition:
Serial number assigned to the field activity during which the bottom photo was collected. This value is in the format YYYY-XXX-FA where YYYY is the survey year, XXX is the number assigned to the activity within that year, and FA indicates Field Activity.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
String used to distinguish field activities by year and ID number.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: DEVICE_ID
Attribute_Definition: Sampling device used to collect the bottom photo.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
String used to identify the sampling configuration used during the survey.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: VEHICLE_ID
Attribute_Definition: Vehicle (ship) used to collect data during the field activity.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: String used to identify the survey vessel.
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
The CSV file has the same attributes, except for FID (which is not included), with the same definitions.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
City: Denver
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80225
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov
Resource_Description:
Geotagged sea-floor photographs and location of bottom photographs collected in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, in May 2016 and May 2017 by the U.S. Geological Survey during field activities 2016-005-FA and 2017-022-FA. This dataset contains the following files: a shapefile of the bottom photo locations (2016-005-FA_and_2017-022-FA_photos.shp); a CSV file of the bottom photo locations (2016-005-FA_and_2017-022-FA_photos.csv); 255 geotagged bottom photos from a GoPro HERO4 Black camera in a zip file (2016-005-FA_and_2017-022-FA_jpg.zip); a browse graphic of bottom photo locations (2016-005-FA_and_2017-022-FA_photos_browse.jpg); and a Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM) metadata file (2016-005-FA_and_2017-022-FA_photos_meta.xml).
Distribution_Liability:
Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: Shapefile
Format_Version_Number: Esri ArcGIS Pro 2.4
Format_Specification: Shapefile
Format_Information_Content:
This dataset contains a shapefile and CSV file of bottom photo locations and geotagged JPEG images of the sea floor collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, in 2016 and 2017 and the associated metadata. The JPEG images are available in a zip file with a transfer size of 533 MB.
Transfer_Size: 534
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information: Access_Instructions:
The first link is to the page containing the data. The second is a direct link to download all data available from the page as a zip file. The final link is to the publication landing page. The data page (first link) may have additional data access options, including web services.
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: Comma-delimited text
Format_Version_Number: Microsoft Excel 2016 for Mac
Format_Specification: Comma Separated Values (CSV) text file
Format_Information_Content:
This dataset contains a shapefile and CSV file of bottom photo locations and geotagged JPEG images of the sea floor collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, in 2016 and 2017 and the associated metadata. The JPEG images are available in a zip file with a transfer size of 533 MB.
Transfer_Size: 534
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information: Access_Instructions:
The first link is to the page containing the data. The second is a direct link to download all data available from the page as a zip file. The final link is to the publication landing page. The data page (first link) may have additional data access options, including web services.
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: JPEG
Format_Information_Content:
This dataset contains a shapefile and CSV file of bottom photo locations and geotagged JPEG images of the sea floor collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, in 2016 and 2017 and the associated metadata. The JPEG images are available in a zip file with a transfer size of 533 MB.
File_Decompression_Technique:
Use WinZip, 7-Zip, PeaZip, PKUNZIP, or other uncompressing software
Transfer_Size: 534
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information: Access_Instructions:
The first link is to the page containing the data. The second is a direct link to download all data available from the page as a zip file. The final link is to the publication landing page. The data page (first link) may have additional data access options, including web services.
Fees: none
Technical_Prerequisites:
This dataset contains data available as a point shapefile, a CSV file, and JPEG image files. The user must have software capable of reading shapefile format to use the point shapefile. The CSV file can be read with a text editor. An image viewer can be used to see the JPEG images.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20201116
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Emily Huntley
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geographer/Database Specialist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ehuntley@contractor.usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time

This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/whcmsc/SB_data_release/DR_P9UK5IOF/2016-005-FA_and_2017-022-FA_photos_meta.html>
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