Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 20201116 Title: Location and grain-size analysis results of sediment samples collected in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, in May 2016 and May 2017 by the U.S. Geological Survey during field activities 2016-005-FA and 2017-022-FA (simplified point shapefile and CSV file) Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector and tabular digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9UK5IOF Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UK5IOF Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Emily C. Huntley Originator: Seth D. Ackerman Originator: Laura L. Brothers Originator: Dann S. Blackwood Originator: Barry J. Irwin Originator: Elizabeth A. Pendleton Publication_Date: 2020 Title: Sea-floor sediment and imagery data collected in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, 2016 and 2017 Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9UK5IOF Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: Huntley, E.C., Ackerman, S.D., Brothers, L.L., Blackwood, D.S., Irwin, B.J., and Pendleton, E.A., 2020, Sea-floor sediment and imagery data collected in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, 2016 and 2017: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UK5IOF. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UK5IOF Description: Abstract: Two marine geological surveys were conducted in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, in May 2016 and May 2017 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as part of an agreement with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management to map the geology of the sea floor offshore of Massachusetts. Samples of surficial sediment and photographs of the sea floor were collected at 76 sampling sites within the survey area, and sea-floor videos were collected at 75 of the sites. The sediment data and the observations from the photos and videos are used to explore the nature of the sea floor; in conjunction with high-resolution geophysical data, the observations are used to make interpretive maps of sedimentary environments and validate acoustic remote sensing data. Purpose: This dataset provides access to the locations and grain-size analysis results of surficial sediments collected with a modified Van Veen grab on the Mini SEABed Observation and Sampling System (MiniSEABOSS) aboard the Research Vessel (R/V) Rafael during USGS field activity 2016-005-FA (May 2 to May 7, 2016) and aboard the R/V Tioga during USGS field activity 2017-022-FA (May 4, 2017). These data were collected to characterize the sea floor by identifying sediment texture and to ground-truth acoustic data collected during USGS field activity 2013-003-FA (Ackerman and others, 2016). Supplemental_Information: See the larger work citation to view the geotagged sea-floor photographs, location of bottom photographs, sea-floor videos, and location of bottom video tracklines collected during the surveys. For more information about these field activities, see https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2016-005-FA and https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2017-022-FA. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20160502 Ending_Date: 20170504 Currentness_Reference: Data were collected on the following dates: 20160502, 20160503, 20160507, and 20170504 Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.173003 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.037225 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.435664 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.320671 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management Theme_Keyword: MassCZM Theme_Keyword: MA CZM Theme_Keyword: CZM Theme_Keyword: ground-truth Theme_Keyword: seafloor samples Theme_Keyword: sediment samples Theme_Keyword: sediment data Theme_Keyword: surficial sediment classification Theme_Keyword: stations Theme_Keyword: seafloor Theme_Keyword: sea floor Theme_Keyword: marine geology Theme_Keyword: sediments Theme_Keyword: MiniSEABOSS Theme_Keyword: SEABOSS Theme_Keyword: SEABed Observation and Sampling System Theme_Keyword: Van Veen grab sampler Theme_Keyword: Beckman Coulter Multisizer 3 Theme_Keyword: gravel Theme_Keyword: sand Theme_Keyword: silt Theme_Keyword: clay Theme_Keyword: CSV Theme_Keyword: shapefile Theme_Keyword: field activity 2016-005-FA Theme_Keyword: field activity 2017-022-FA Theme_Keyword: R/V Rafael Theme_Keyword: R/V Tioga Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: grab sampling Theme_Keyword: grain-size analysis Theme_Keyword: marine geology Theme_Keyword: sea-floor characteristics Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: location Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: marine geology Theme_Keyword: grab sampling Theme_Keyword: sediment analysis Theme_Keyword: continental shelf Theme_Keyword: sound Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:5f10fc3082ce21d4c40799ea Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: North America Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: Massachusetts Place_Keyword: Nantucket Sound Place_Keyword: Nantucket Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Stratum_Keyword: sea floor Stratum_Keyword: seafloor Stratum_Keyword: seabed Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Temporal_Keyword: 2016 Temporal_Keyword: 2017 Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5f10fc3082ce21d4c40799ea/?name=2016-005-FA_and_2017-022-FA_samples_browse.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Map of sediment sample locations in the survey area in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Seth D. Ackerman Originator: Laura L. Brothers Originator: David S. Foster Originator: Brian D. Andrews Originator: Wayne E. Baldwin Originator: William C. Schwab Publication_Date: 2016 Title: High-resolution geophysical data from the inner continental shelf: South of Martha’s Vineyard and north of Nantucket, Massachusetts Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2016–1168 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161168 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: F.P. Shepard Publication_Date: 1954 Title: Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology Issue_Identification: v. 24, no. 3., p. 151-158 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: J.S. Schlee Originator: J. Webster Publication_Date: 1967 Title: A computer program for grain-size data Series_Information: Series_Name: Sedimentology Issue_Identification: v. 8, no. 1., p. 45-53 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: J.S. Schlee Publication_Date: 1973 Title: Atlantic continental shelf and slope of the United States—sediment texture of the northeastern part Series_Information: Series_Name: Professional Paper Issue_Identification: 529-L Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/pp529L Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: L.J. Poppe Originator: K.Y. McMullen Originator: S.J. Williams Originator: V.F. Paskevich Publication_Date: 2014 Title: USGS east-coast sediment analysis: Procedures, database, and GIS data Edition: 3.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2005-1001 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1001/ Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: All attributes were evaluated during data processing as standard quality control to ensure attributes contain accurate and relevant information and values. Due to rounding, the sum of the aggregate class percentages (e.g., GRAVEL_PCT, SAND_PCT, etc.) and the sum of the phi fraction percentages (e.g., PHI_11, PHI_10, etc.) may not always add up to exactly 100.000%. One sample (site 2017-022-020) had negative values for the silt percentage, clay percentage, and phi fraction percentages for 11 phi through 5 phi; once these attributes were rounded to three decimal places, they were all equal to zero. Logical_Consistency_Report: The sediment samples were all collected with the same modified Van Veen grab sampler mounted on the MiniSEABOSS. The sediment samples were usually collected at the end of the video trackline, but some samples were collected at the start of the transect (sites 2016-005-013, 2016-005-016, 2016-005-028, 2016-005-044, 2016-005-046, 2016-005-049, 2016-005-050, 2016-005-052) or middle (site 2016-005-023). Completeness_Report: Physical sediment samples were collected at all 76 sites occupied during field activities 2016-005-FA and 2017-022-FA. Each site usually had only one deployment of the sampler; however, four sites (sites 2016-005-001, 2016-005-053, 2017-022-004, and 2017-022-008) had two separate deployments because a sediment grab was not successfully collected during the first deployment. The sediment sample locations for these four sites are from the second deployment when a grab sample was successfully collected. Navigation and video were not recorded for one site (site 2016-005-043), so the sample and a bottom photograph from this site were mapped at the closest available fix, which was shortly after the MiniSEABOSS was lifted off the sea floor at the site. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Navigation for field activity 2016-005-FA used a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). The DGPS was set to receive fixes at a 2-second interval in geographic coordinates (World Geodetic System of 1984 [WGS 84]). The fixes were later interpolated to get 1-second navigation. For field activity 2017-022-FA, navigation data for the R/V Tioga from a Global Positioning System (GPS) were provided by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The 2017 navigation was collected at a 1-second interval in geographic coordinates (WGS 84); however, the navigation data were noisy, so a fix every 4 seconds was extracted and then interpolated to get smoother 1-second navigation. The recorded position of each sediment sample is the position of the DGPS/GPS antenna on the survey vessel, located on the aft port side of the R/V Rafael's cabin just off the centerline in 2016 and on the forward center of the R/V Tioga's wheelhouse in 2017, not the location of the MiniSEABOSS. The MiniSEABOSS was deployed approximately 2 meters to the starboard side of the DGPS antenna in 2016 and approximately 13 meters aft the GPS antenna in 2017. No layback or offset was applied to the recorded position. In addition, the sampler may drift away from the survey vessel when deployed to the sea floor. Based on the various sources of horizontal offsets, a conservative estimate of the horizontal accuracy of the sediment sample locations is 2-4 meters in 2016 and 13-15 meters in 2017. Navigation was not recorded for one site (site 2016-005-043), so the sample from this site was mapped at the closest available fix, which was shortly after the MiniSEABOSS was lifted off the sea floor at the site. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The depths recorded for each sample are approximate and were acquired using the ship's fathometer. These depths are generally within 1 meter of actual referenced depths from previous bathymetry surveys. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 1: Collected data. Two marine geological surveys were conducted in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, in May 2016 and May 2017. The survey vessel occupied one of the target sites and the MiniSEABOSS was deployed off the vessel's starboard side in 2016 and off the vessel's stern in 2017. The MiniSEABOSS was equipped with a modified Van Veen grab sampler, two GoPro HERO4 Black digital cameras, an oblique downward-looking SeaViewer 6000 HD Sea-Drop video camera with a topside feed, and a dive light to illuminate the sea floor for video and photograph collection. The elements of this particular MiniSEABOSS system were held within a stainless-steel frame that measured ~1 x 1 meter. The frame had a stabilizer fin that oriented the system as it drifted over the seabed. The winch operator lowered the sampler until the sea floor was observed in the topside live video feed. Generally, the vessel and sampler drifted with wind and current for up to a few minutes to ensure a decent photo with a clear view of the sea floor was acquired. Bottom video was also recorded during the drift. Then, the winch operator lowered the Van Veen sampler until it rested on the sea floor. When the system was raised, the Van Veen sampler closed and collected a sample as it was lifted off the sea floor. Times for the sampler retrieval, which would later be used to derive the sample locations, were manually recorded in the survey log when the sampler was lifted off the seabed. The sampler was recovered to the deck of the survey vessel where a subsample was taken for grain-size analysis at the sediment laboratory at the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center. A total of 76 sites were occupied with the MiniSEABOSS: 55 sites were occupied aboard the R/V Rafael in May 2016 during field activity 2016-005-FA, and 21 sites were occupied aboard the R/V Tioga in May 2017 during field activity 2017-022-FA. Sediment samples were collected at all 76 sites. Process_Date: 20170504 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Sediment samples Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Survey logs Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 2: Acquired and processed navigation. During field activity 2016-005-FA, DGPS navigation from a Hemisphere DGPS receiver was logged through HYPACK navigation software and a DataBridge data logger. The DGPS was set to receive fixes at a 2-second interval in geographic coordinates (WGS 84). Dates and times were recorded in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Log files for each MiniSEABOSS deployment were saved in text format and then combined for each Julian day. An AWK script (awkseth.gprmc.16005.awk) was used to parse the GPRMC navigation string from the log files and create ASCII Comma Separated Values (CSV) text files. The output files were merged and then reformatted using an AWK script (nav_time_reformat.awk), creating a processed navigation CSV text file for the survey (2016-005-FA_OdysseyAudioStamp_nav_ALL.csv). For field activity 2017-022-FA, a GPS log file in text format for the R/V Tioga was provided by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The navigation was collected at a 1-second interval in geographic coordinates (WGS 84), and dates and times were recorded in UTC. An AWK script (awksethTioga.gprmc.17022.awk) was used to parse the GPRMC navigation string from the log file, creating a processed navigation CSV text file for the survey (2017022FA_TiogaShip_nav.csv). Process_Date: 2017 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Processed navigation files Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 3: Assembled sample information for sediment laboratory. The sediment sample times (as recorded in the survey logs) were used to parse GPS positions for each sediment sample from the logged GPS data. Approximate depths for each sample, which had been acquired using the ship's fathometer, were extracted from the HYPACK target file for the 2016 samples and the captain's log for 2017. This information was then provided to the sediment laboratory at the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center with the sample analysis request form for each survey. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Survey logs Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Processed navigation files Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: 2016-005-FA HYPACK target file Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: 2017-022-FA captain's log Process_Date: 2017 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Sediment sample locations CSV files Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 4: Analyzed sediment samples. The samples from each survey were analyzed in the sediment laboratory at the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center using the Beckman Coulter Multisizer 3 and sieving of the >= 4-phi fraction. The samples were assigned unique analysis identifiers (ANALYSIS_ID), and a macro-enabled Microsoft Excel data entry spreadsheet (GrainSizeWorksheet_xxxx.xlsm, where xxxx is the batch number assigned to the sample submission) was created for each survey to record the measurement data. About 50 grams of wet sediment were placed in a pre-weighed beaker, weighed, oven dried at 100 degrees Celsius, and reweighed to correct for salt. The dried sample was wet sieved through a 0.062 mm (No. 230) sieve. The coarse fraction remaining in the sieve was oven dried at 100 degrees Celsius (until completely dried) and weighed. The fine fraction in water was collected in a plastic Nalgene bottle and sealed with a screw lid (stored for no longer than one week). The coarse fraction was dry sieved to determine the individual weights of the 4- to -5-phi fractions, and the weights were recorded in the data entry spreadsheet. For the 2016 samples, shell and shell fragments were manually removed from the -1-phi and coarser fractions and weighed, and their weights were recorded in the data entry spreadsheet (this was not done for the 2017 samples). The fine fraction was run and combined using the 200-micron and 30-micron Coulter analyses using the Multisizer 3 software to get the fine fraction grain-size distribution for each survey. The fine fraction distribution data were added to the data entry spreadsheet for each survey. The spreadsheet for each survey was used to calculate a continuous phi class distribution from the original fractions. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Sediment samples Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Sediment sample locations CSV files Process_Date: 20171013 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Data entry spreadsheets Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Allison Paquette Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Integrated Statistics contractor to the U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 5: Calculated grain-size classification and statistical analyses. A continuous phi class distribution from the original fractions was transposed to the "results" tab in the macro-enabled Microsoft Excel data entry workbook (GrainSizeWorksheet_xxxx.xlsm, where xxxx is the identifier assigned to the sample submission) for each survey. Macros in the workbook ("GS_statistics" and "sedimentname") were run to calculate grain-size classification and statistical analyses and finish processing the data. Sample, navigation, and field identifiers, along with continuous phi class distribution data, grain-size classification, and statistical analysis results, were copied and pasted into a final Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (xxxx_GS-MS_results.xlsx, where xxxx is the batch number assigned to the sample submission) for each survey. The processed data were quality control checked and assigned a quality grade based on the examination of the analytical data. Processed data were released to the submitter and incorporated into the laboratory's database. All raw analytical data generated by the samples were archived in the sediment analysis laboratory. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Data entry spreadsheets Process_Date: 20171013 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Final Microsoft Excel spreadsheets (LB3_GS-MS_results.xlsx and SA9_GS-MS_results.xlsx) Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Brian Buczkowski Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Physical Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2361 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bbuczkowski@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 6: Interpolated to create 1-second navigation. The navigation fixes were interpolated to create 1-second navigation. This was done because the application used to geotag the bottom photos would have interpolated between fixes; therefore, the navigation was interpolated so that the sediment and imagery data could be mapped using the same 1-second navigation. To interpolate the 2016 navigation data, first, a column of the original source filename was deleted from the processed navigation CSV text file (2016-005-FA_OdysseyAudioStamp_nav_ALL.csv). Next, a shapefile was created from the CSV file in Esri ArcGIS (version 10.3.1) and projected to WGS 84 UTM Zone 19N so that the distance in meters between the navigation fixes could be calculated. Then, the Generate Near Table tool was run using the planar method with the input and output features set to the UTM navigation shapefile and with the option checked to find only the closest feature. The output table was used to identify erroneous fixes, and two erroneous fixes were deleted from the navigation CSV text file. A Jupyter Notebook Python script (Interp_NAV_Dec2019_for_Nantucket2016-005-FA.ipynb) was run to interpolate and create a CSV text file of 1-second navigation. The original 2-second fixes were logged only when the video was recorded, so the script also interpolated between the end point of a video trackline and the start point of the next trackline. To create a final file of 1-second navigation, the points between the video trackline start and end times were extracted (which removed the interpolated positions during the transits between the video tracklines) and were saved as a CSV text file (out_interp_2016Nantucket_sel_for_gpx.csv). Finally, the CSV file was reorganized and formatted to have fields of the latitude, longitude, hours, minutes, seconds, Julian day, year, field activity ID, and Julian day and time. For the 2017 survey, navigation data were logged for the full Julian day, including when the survey vessel was at the dock and when it was transiting to, from, and between the sampling sites. First, the navigation data from 13:30:00 to 19:14:59 were extracted from the processed navigation CSV text file (2017022FA_TiogaShip_nav.csv) to remove the navigation logged at, departing, and returning to the dock. Next, columns of the original source filename and time (the hours, minutes, and seconds were listed individually in other columns) were deleted from the CSV text file, and leading spaces were deleted as needed. Then, a shapefile was created from the CSV file in Esri ArcGIS (version 10.3.1) and projected to WGS 84 UTM Zone 19N so that the distance in meters between the navigation fixes could be calculated. The Generate Near Table tool was run using the planar method with the input and output features set to the UTM navigation shapefile and with the option checked to find only the closest feature. The output table was used to identify erroneous fixes, but no erroneous fixes were identified. The navigation data, however, were noisy. To smooth the data, the coordinates were rounded from seven to six decimal places and every fourth fix was extracted. A Jupyter Notebook Python script (Interp_NAV_Dec2019_for_Nantucket2017-022-FA.ipynb) was run to interpolate and create a CSV text file of 1-second navigation (2017022FA_TiogaShip_nav_4secint_round6_interp_for_gpx.csv). Finally, the CSV file was reorganized and formatted to have fields of the latitude, longitude, hours, minutes, seconds, Julian day, year, field activity ID, and Julian day and time to create a final CSV file of 1-second navigation for the survey. This process step and the subsequent process steps were performed by the same person, Emily Huntley. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Processed navigation files Process_Date: 201912 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Final processed navigation files Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Emily Huntley Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geographer/Database Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ehuntley@contractor.usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 7: Checked and updated sediment sample locations. The sediment sample times (as recorded in the survey logs) were checked by viewing the sea-floor videos to see when the sampler was lifted off the sea floor at each site and updated with more precise times as appropriate. The new sample times were matched to the corresponding times in the final interpolated navigation files to update the latitude and longitude of each sample in the sediment grain-size analysis results spreadsheets in Microsoft Excel 2016 for Mac. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Sea-floor videos Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Final Microsoft Excel spreadsheets (LB3_GS-MS_results.xlsx and SA9_GS-MS_results.xlsx) Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Final processed navigation files Process_Date: 202001 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Final Microsoft Excel spreadsheets with updated coordinates Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 8: Created final sediment grain-size analysis results CSV file. The sediment grain-size analysis results spreadsheets for each survey were merged in Microsoft Excel 2016 for Mac and then edited to remove some fields, format fields, and add a no data value (-9999) to empty attributes as needed. The Microsoft Excel spreadsheet was then saved as a CSV file. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Final Microsoft Excel spreadsheets with updated coordinates Process_Date: 202001 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Final sediment grain-size analysis results CSV file Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 9: Created a simplified sediment grain-size analysis results shapefile. The sediment grain-size analysis results CSV file was copied and edited to create a simplified version of the CSV file with fewer attribute fields (specifically, STDEV, SKEWNESS, KURTOSIS, the individual phi measurements [e.g., PHI_11], and the percentages of shell or carbonate material in the coarse phi fractions [e.g., PHI-1_SHELLPCT] were removed). A shapefile was created using the simplified version of the CSV file in Esri ArcGIS (version 10.3.1), and XTools Pro (version 12.0) for Esri ArcGIS was used to modify some field parameters in the point shapefile (Table Operations - Table Restructure). Please note that this metadata file represents the CSV file; users should access the CSV file for the full sediment grain-size analysis results. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Final sediment grain-size analysis results CSV file Process_Date: 202001 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Final simplified sediment grain-size analysis results shapefile Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 76 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.0000001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.0000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2016-005-FA_and_2017-022-FA_samples Entity_Type_Definition: Grain-size analysis results for sediment samples collected during USGS field activities 2016-005-FA and 2017-022-FA in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, in 2016 and 2017. These are the attributes for the CSV file. The shapefile is a simplified version of the CSV file with fewer attribute fields and two additional software-generated attributes, FID and Shape. Please see the entity and attribute overview section for a description of the shapefile attributes. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: ANALYSIS_ID Attribute_Definition: An identifier for the sample that is unique to the database. This identifier begins with the assigned multi-letter code GS-, which corresponds to the type of analysis performed on the sample (grain-size analysis), followed by a six-digit number assigned sequentially as samples are registered for analysis. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Attribute: Attribute_Label: FIELD_NO Attribute_Definition: The identification value assigned to the sample at the time of collection. This varies from field activity to field activity and the ID can contain any combination of letters and numbers. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Attribute: Attribute_Label: PROJECT Attribute_Definition: Name of project or project number under which samples were taken or data generated; sometimes project name indicates a more specific area. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character sting. Attribute: Attribute_Label: FA_ID Attribute_Definition: The serial number assigned to the dataset field activity during which the sample was collected. This value is in the format YYYY-XXX-FA where YYYY is the year, XXX is the number assigned to the activity within the year, and FA indicates Field Activity. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Attribute: Attribute_Label: CONTACT Attribute_Definition: Name of Principal investigator or chief scientist responsible for data collection, or researcher submitting samples for analysis (usually first initial and last name). Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Attribute: Attribute_Label: AREA Attribute_Definition: General geographic area of data collection. Name is general enough to easily locate area on a map. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Attribute: Attribute_Label: LATITUDE Attribute_Definition: Latitude coordinate, in decimal degrees (WGS 84), of sample location. South latitude is recorded as negative values. The attribute measurement resolution is 0.0000001 for 2016 and 0.000001 for 2017. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 41.3206708 Range_Domain_Maximum: 41.435664 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: LONGITUDE Attribute_Definition: Longitude coordinate, in decimal degrees (WGS 84), of sample location. West longitude is recorded as negative values. The attribute measurement resolution is 0.0000001 for 2016 and 0.000001 for 2017. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -70.1730033 Range_Domain_Maximum: -70.037225 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: DEPTH_M Attribute_Definition: Approximate depth of water in meters at the sample location acquired using the survey vessel's fathometer. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 9.0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 17.0 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: T_DEPTH Attribute_Definition: Top depth of the sample below the sediment-water interface in centimeters. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: centimeters Attribute: Attribute_Label: B_DEPTH Attribute_Definition: Bottom depth of the sample below the sediment-water interface in centimeters. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 2 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: centimeters Attribute: Attribute_Label: DEVICE Attribute_Definition: Sampling device used to collect the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Attribute: Attribute_Label: DATE_COLLECTED Attribute_Definition: Calendar date based on UTC time indicating when the sample was collected in the format MM/DD/YYYY where MM is the numeric month, DD is the day of the month, and YYYY is the year. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Attribute: Attribute_Label: ANALYSIS_COMPLETION_DATE Attribute_Definition: Calendar date indicating when analyses on the sample were completed in the format MM/DD/YYYY where MM is the numeric month, DD is the day of the month, and YYYY is the year. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Attribute: Attribute_Label: WEIGHT Attribute_Definition: Weight of initial sample in grams. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 101.3429 Range_Domain_Maximum: 252.3198 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: grams Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.0001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: GRAVEL_PCT Attribute_Definition: Gravel content in percent dry weight of the sample. Gravel consists of particles with nominal diameters greater than 2 mm (-1 phi and larger). Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.022 Range_Domain_Maximum: 56.845 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: SAND_PCT Attribute_Definition: Sand content in percent dry weight of the sample. Sand consists of particles with nominal diameters less than 2 mm, but greater than or equal to 0.0625 mm (0 phi through 4 phi, inclusive). Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 17.454 Range_Domain_Maximum: 99.920 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: SILT_PCT Attribute_Definition: Silt content in percent dry weight of the sample. Silt consists of particles with nominal diameters less than 0.0625 mm, but greater than or equal to 0.004 mm (5 phi through 8 phi, inclusive). Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 52.877 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: CLAY_PCT Attribute_Definition: Clay content in percent dry weight of the sample. Clay consists of particles with nominal diameters less than 0.004 mm (9 phi and smaller). Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 34.107 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: CLASSIFICATION (Shepard) Attribute_Definition: Sediment classification based on a rigorous definition (Shepard [1954] as modified by Schlee and Webster [1967], Schlee [1973], and Poppe and others [2005]). In the definitions below, gravel is defined as particles with nominal diameters greater than 2 mm; sand consists of particles with nominal diameters less than 2 mm, but greater than or equal to 0.0625 mm; silt consists of particles with nominal diameters less than 0.0625 mm, but greater than or equal to 0.004 mm; and clay consists of particles with nominal diameters less than 0.004 mm. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: clayey sand Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Sediment whose main phase is sand, but with significant clay. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Shepard (1954) as modified by Schlee and Webster (1967), Schlee (1973), and Poppe and others (2005) Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: gravel Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Sediment whose main phase is gravel. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Shepard (1954) as modified by Schlee and Webster (1967), Schlee (1973), and Poppe and others (2005) Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: gravelly sediment Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Sediment whose main phase is gravel, but with significant other sediment. Gravel greater than 10 percent. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Shepard (1954) as modified by Schlee and Webster (1967), Schlee (1973), and Poppe and others (2005) Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: sand Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Sediment whose main phase is sand. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Shepard (1954) as modified by Schlee and Webster (1967), Schlee (1973), and Poppe and others (2005) Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: sand silt clay Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Sediment with significant (over 20 percent) sand, silt, and clay. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Shepard (1954) as modified by Schlee and Webster (1967), Schlee (1973), and Poppe and others (2005) Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: sandy silt Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Sediment whose main phase is silt, but with significant sand. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Shepard (1954) as modified by Schlee and Webster (1967), Schlee (1973), and Poppe and others (2005) Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: silty sand Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Sediment whose main phase in sand, but with significant silt. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Shepard (1954) as modified by Schlee and Webster (1967), Schlee (1973), and Poppe and others (2005) Attribute: Attribute_Label: MEDIAN Attribute_Definition: Diameter at which 50% of the sample mass is comprised of sediment particles with a diameter less than this value and 50% is larger; middle point in the grain-size distribution in phi units. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -3.032 Range_Domain_Maximum: 5.275 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: phi Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: MEAN Attribute_Definition: Average value in the grain-size distribution in phi units. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.910 Range_Domain_Maximum: 5.678 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: phi Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: STDEV Attribute_Definition: Standard deviation (root mean square of the deviations) of the grain-size distribution in phi units (sorting). Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.398 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.837 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: phi Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: SKEWNESS Attribute_Definition: Skewness (deviation from symmetrical form) of the grain-size distribution in phi units. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -1.456 Range_Domain_Maximum: 6.724 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: phi Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: KURTOSIS Attribute_Definition: Kurtosis (degree of curvature near the mode) of the grain-size distribution in phi units. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.191 Range_Domain_Maximum: 93.942 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: phi Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_11 Attribute_Definition: Weight percent of the sample in the 11-phi fraction and smaller (nominal diameter of particles less than 0.001 mm); fine clay. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.841 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_10 Attribute_Definition: Weight percent of the sample in the 10-phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.001 mm, but less than 0.002 mm); medium clay. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 13.669 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_9 Attribute_Definition: Weight percent of the sample in the 9-phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.002 mm, but less than 0.004 mm); coarse clay. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 16.597 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_8 Attribute_Definition: Weight percent of the sample in the 8-phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.004 mm, but less than 0.008 mm); very fine silt. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 13.235 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_7 Attribute_Definition: Weight percent of the sample in the 7-phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.008 mm, but less than 0.016 mm); fine silt. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 14.671 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_6 Attribute_Definition: Weight percent of the sample in the 6-phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.016 mm, but less than 0.031 mm); medium silt. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 15.236 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_5 Attribute_Definition: Weight percent of the sample in the 5-phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.031 mm, but less than 0.0625 mm); coarse silt. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 24.816 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_4 Attribute_Definition: Weight percent of the sample in the 4-phi fraction (nominal diameters of particles greater than or equal to 0.0625 mm, but less than 0.125 mm); very fine sand. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.009 Range_Domain_Maximum: 63.699 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_3 Attribute_Definition: Weight percent of the sample in the 3-phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.125 mm, but less than 0.25 mm); fine sand. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.550 Range_Domain_Maximum: 95.325 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_2 Attribute_Definition: Weight percent of the sample in the 2-phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.25 mm, but less than 0.5 mm); medium sand. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.319 Range_Domain_Maximum: 63.740 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_1 Attribute_Definition: Weight percent of the sample in the 1-phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, but less than 1 mm); coarse sand. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.045 Range_Domain_Maximum: 59.165 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_0 Attribute_Definition: Weight percent of the sample in the 0-phi fraction (nominal diameters of particles greater than or equal to 1 mm, but less than 2 mm); very coarse sand. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.002 Range_Domain_Maximum: 17.892 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_-1 Attribute_Definition: Weight percent of the sample in the -1-phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 2 mm, but less than 4 mm); very fine pebbles (granules). Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.433 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_-2 Attribute_Definition: Weight percent of the sample in the -2-phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 4 mm, but less than 8 mm); fine pebbles. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.414 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_-3 Attribute_Definition: Weight percent of the sample in the -3-phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 8 mm, but less than 16 mm); medium pebbles. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 51.633 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_-4 Attribute_Definition: Weight percent of the sample in the -4-phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 16 mm, but less than 32 mm); coarse pebbles. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI_-5 Attribute_Definition: Weight percent of the sample in the -5-phi fraction and larger (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 32 mm); very coarse pebbles, cobbles, and boulders. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: weight percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.001 Attribute: Attribute_Label: ANALYST Attribute_Definition: Name (usually first, middle, and last initials) of person who performed the grain-size or physical properties analysis. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string. Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI-1_SHELLPCT Attribute_Definition: Percent of shell or carbonate material in the -1-phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 2 mm, but less than 4 mm) for the 2016 samples. No data value is -9999 for the 2017 samples. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 20 Range_Domain_Maximum: 100 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI-2_SHELLPCT Attribute_Definition: Percent of shell or carbonate material in the -2-phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 4 mm, but less than 8 mm) for the 2016 samples. No data value is -9999 for the 2017 samples. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 100 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: PHI-3_SHELLPCT Attribute_Definition: Percent of shell or carbonate material in the -3-phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 8 mm, but less than 16 mm) for the 2016 samples. No data value is -9999 for the 2017 samples. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 100 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The shapefile is a simplified version of the CSV file with fewer attribute fields. Specifically, STDEV, SKEWNESS, KURTOSIS, the individual phi measurements (e.g., PHI_11), and the percentages of shell or carbonate material in the coarse phi fractions (e.g., PHI-1_SHELLPCT) were removed. The shapefile also has two additional attributes, FID and Shape, which have the following descriptions: Attribute: Attribute Label: FID Attribute Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute Definition Source: Esri Attribute Domain Values: Unrepresentable Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute Label: Shape Attribute Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute Definition Source: Esri Attribute Domain Values: Unrepresentable Domain: Coordinates defining the features. All the other attributes in the shapefile have the same definitions as the CSV file attributes. Please note that some of the field names were truncated since a shapefile field name can only contain up to 10 characters. The following fields are included in the shapefile: FID, Shape, ANALYSIS_I (truncated field name for ANALYSIS_ID), FIELD_NO, PROJECT, FA_ID, CONTACT, AREA, LATITUDE, LONGITUDE, DEPTH_M, T_DEPTH, B_DEPTH, DEVICE, DATE_COLLE (truncated field name for DATE_COLLECTED), ANALYSIS_C (truncated field name for ANALYSIS_COMPLETION_DATE), WEIGHT, GRAVEL_PCT, SAND_PCT, SILT_PCT, CLAY_PCT, CLASSIFICA (truncated field name for CLASSIFICATION), MEDIAN, MEAN, and ANALYST. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Location and grain-size analysis results of sediment samples collected in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, in May 2016 and May 2017 by the U.S. Geological Survey during field activities 2016-005-FA and 2017-022-FA. This dataset contains the following files: a CSV file of the sediment sample locations and grain-size analysis results (2016-005-FA_and_2017-022-FA_samples.csv); a simplified shapefile of the sediment sample locations and grain-size analysis results (2016-005-FA_and_2017-022-FA_samples.shp); a browse graphic of sediment sample locations (2016-005-FA_and_2017-022-FA_samples_browse.jpg); and a Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM) metadata file (2016-005-FA_and_2017-022-FA_samples_meta.xml). Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Comma-delimited text Format_Version_Number: Microsoft Excel 2016 for Mac Format_Specification: Comma Separated Values (CSV) text file Format_Information_Content: This dataset contains a CSV file and shapefile of locations and grain-size analysis results for sediment samples collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, in 2016 and 2017 and the associated metadata. Transfer_Size: 0.4 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5f10fc3082ce21d4c40799ea Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5f10fc3082ce21d4c40799ea Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UK5IOF Access_Instructions: The first link is to the page containing the data. The second is a direct link to download all data available from the page as a zip file. The final link is to the publication landing page. The data page (first link) may have additional data access options, including web services. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Version_Number: Esri ArcGIS 10.3.1 Format_Specification: Shapefile Format_Information_Content: This dataset contains a CSV file and shapefile of locations and grain-size analysis results for sediment samples collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, in 2016 and 2017 and the associated metadata. Transfer_Size: 0.4 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5f10fc3082ce21d4c40799ea Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5f10fc3082ce21d4c40799ea Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UK5IOF Access_Instructions: The first link is to the page containing the data. The second is a direct link to download all data available from the page as a zip file. The final link is to the publication landing page. The data page (first link) may have additional data access options, including web services. Fees: none Technical_Prerequisites: This dataset contains data available as a CSV file and a point shapefile. The CSV file can be read with a text editor. The user must have software capable of reading shapefile format to use the point shapefile. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20201116 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Emily Huntley Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geographer/Database Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ehuntley@contractor.usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time