Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Page C. Valentine Publication_Date: 20241216 Title: Swath bathymetry 13-m-cell-size grid of quadrangle 2 on Stellwagen Bank offshore of Boston, Massachusetts collected by the U.S. Geological Survey aboard the CCGS Frederick G. Creed from 1994-1996 Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Raster Digital Data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9UL3LWN Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UL3LWN Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/644a79e1d34ee8d4adee043b Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Page C. Valentine Originator: VeeAnn A. Cross Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Geospatial datasets of seabed topography, sediment mobility, and the distribution of geologic substrates in quadrangle 2 of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region offshore of Boston, Massachusetts Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9UL3LWN Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: Valentine, P.C., and Cross, V.A., 2024, Geospatial datasets of seabed topography, sediment mobility, and the distribution of geologic substrates in quadrangle 2 of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region offshore of Boston, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UL3LWN. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UL3LWN Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/64496f7ed34ee8d4aded9330 Description: Abstract: The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the National Marine Sanctuary Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), has conducted seabed mapping and related research in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SBNMS) region since 1993. The interpretive datasets and source information presented here are for quadrangle 2, which is one of 18 similarly-sized quadrangles that comprise the 3,700 square kilometer (km2) SBNMS region. The seabed of the SBNMS region is a glaciated terrain that is topographically and texturally diverse. Mapping of quadrangle 2 shows the distribution of substrates across the southwestern part of Stellwagen Bank, in Stellwagen Basin to the west and southwest of the bank, in Little Stellwagen Basin, and in the western part of Race Point Channel to the south of the bank. Water depths range from ~19 m on the bank crest to ~64 m in Stellwagen Basin. The previously unpublished data provided in this data release in conjunction with previously published bathymetric and seabed backscatter imagery, photographs, video, and grain-size analyses for quadrangle 2 are the foundation for Scientific Investigations Map 3530 (Valentine and Cross, 2024), which presents maps of seabed topography, ruggedness, backscatter intensity, distribution of geologic substrates, sediment mobility, distribution of fine- and coarse-grained sand, and substrate mud content. For the quadrangle 2 interpretations, data from 733 ground validation stations were analyzed, including 656 sediment samples. The seabed geology of quadrangle 2 comprises 19 substrate types ranging from boulder ridges to mobile and rippled sand to mud. Not all of these substrates are mappable as individual polygons. Substrate types are defined or inferred by sediment grain-size composition, surface morphology, sediment layering, the mobility or immobility of substrate surfaces, and water depth range. Scientific Investigations Map 3530 portrays the major geological elements (substrates, topographic features, processes) of environments within quadrangle 2. It is intended to be a basis for the study of sediment transport processes that affect a shallow, offshore bank and adjacent basins, for the study of the ecological requirements of invertebrate and vertebrate species that use these substrates, and to support seabed management in the region. Purpose: The purpose of this dataset is to release the 13-meter by 13-meter cell-size bathymetry grid that was used as the basis for the analysis and interpretation of quadrangle 2 of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region. Additionally, this dataset was used to generate subsequent datasets, some of which are released in other publications. These derivative products include datasets such as 1-m contours and terrain ruggedness. Supplemental_Information: Over 50 scientific cruises have been conducted in an effort to map Stellwagen Bank. The bathymetry of Quadrangle 2 on Stellwagen Bank is from the following five USGS WHCMSC field activities (ship cruises): 1994-008-FA, 1995-013-FA, 1995-033-FA, 1996-032-FA, 1996-043-FA. More information on each of these activities can be found by replacing the XXXX in the following URL with the cruise ID: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=XXXX. For example: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=1994-008-FA. These data have a companion report that provides the additional details and information related to the interpretation and methods. Additionally, the report contains PDF maps of the seabed interpretation. That companion report is Valentine, P.C., and Cross, V.A., 2024, Seabed maps showing topography, ruggedness, backscatter intensity, sediment mobility, and the distribution of geologic substrates in quadrangle 2 of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region offshore of Boston, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map, 3530, 8 sheets, scale 1:25,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3530 . Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1994 Ending_Date: 1996 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.41119 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.22236 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.20287 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.08337 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Theme_Keyword: NOAA Theme_Keyword: sea-floor topography Theme_Keyword: bathymetry Theme_Keyword: Simrad EM1000 Theme_Keyword: Frederick G. Creed Theme_Keyword: swath bathymetry Theme_Keyword: raster Theme_Keyword: GeoTIFF Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: bathymetry Theme_Keyword: multibeam sonar Theme_Keyword: marine geology Theme_Keyword: sea-floor characteristics Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:644a79e1d34ee8d4adee043b Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: North America Place_Keyword: Stellwagen Bank Place_Keyword: Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary Place_Keyword: Stellwagen Basin Place_Keyword: U.S. east coast Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: Massachusetts Place_Keyword: Massachusetts Bay Access_Constraints: None. Use_Constraints: Not to be used for navigation. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Page C. Valentine Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2239 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with the USGS. Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/644a79e1d34ee8d4adee043b?name=q2_13mbathy_browse.png&allowOpen=true Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Browse graphic of the bathymetry data of quadrangle 2 in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Data_Set_Credit: Public domain data from the U.S. government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the source of this information. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 10; ArcMap 10.8.1 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Page C. Valentine Originator: Tanya S. Unger Originator: Jessica L. Baker Originator: Christopher F. Polloni Publication_Date: 1999 Title: Sun-illuminated sea floor topographic maps and perspective-view imagery of quadrangles 1-18, Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary off Boston, Massachusetts Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 99-363 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: This publication describes data collection and initial processing of multibeam bathymetry collected on Stellwagen Bank. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99363 Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of99-363/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Page C. Valentine, editor Publication_Date: 2005 Title: Sea floor image maps showing topography, sun-illuminated topography, backscatter intensity, ruggedness, slope, and the distribution of boulder ridges and bedrock outcrops in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region off Boston, Massachusetts Series_Information: Series_Name: Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: 2840 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: This publication describes data collection and initial processing of multibeam bathymetry collected on Stellwagen Bank. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2840 Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2840/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Bradford Butman Originator: Page C. Valentine Originator: Tammie J. Middleton Originator: William W. Danforth Publication_Date: 2007 Title: A GIS library of multibeam data for Massachusetts Bay and the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, offshore of Boston, Massachusetts Series_Information: Series_Name: Data Series Issue_Identification: 99 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: This publication describes data collection and initial processing of multibeam bathymetry collected on Stellwagen Bank. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ds99 Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/99/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Page C. Valentine Originator: Leslie B. Gallea Publication_Date: 2015 Title: Seabed maps showing topography, ruggedness, backscatter intensity, sediment mobility, and the distribution of geologic substrates in quadrangle 6 of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region offshore of Boston, Massachusetts Series_Information: Series_Name: Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: 3341 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: This publication contains the equivalent information as this data release, but for quadrangle 6. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3341 Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3341/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Page C. Valentine Originator: VeeAnn A. Cross Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Geospatial datasets of seabed topography, sediment mobility, and the distribution of geologic substrates in quadrangle 5 of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region offshore of Boston, Massachusetts Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data, vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9W9BN3S Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: This data release contains the equivalent geospatial datasets as this data release, but for quadrangle 5. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W9BN3S Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/6399d59dd34e0de3a1f0dd6b Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Page C. Valentine Originator: VeeAnn A. Cross Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Seabed maps showing topography, ruggedness, backscatter intensity, sediment mobility, and the distribution of geologic substrates in quadrangle 5 of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region offshore of Boston, Massachusetts Series_Information: Series_Name: Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: 3515 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: This report is the companion publication of the data release for quadrangle 5 that provides the additional details and information related to the interpretation and methods. Additionally, the report contains PDF maps of the seabed interpretation. The report also provides additional references related to the work in Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3515 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Page C. Valentine Originator: VeeAnn A. Cross Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Seabed maps showing topography, ruggedness, backscatter intensity, sediment mobility, and the distribution of geologic substrates in quadrangle 2 of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region offshore of Boston, Massachusetts Series_Information: Series_Name: Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: 3530 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: This report is the companion publication of the data release that provides the additional details and information related to the interpretation and methods. Additionally, the report contains PDF maps of the seabed interpretation. The report also provides additional references related to the work in Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3530 Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: The original bathymetry data were acquired and processed using an established workflow. Although several individuals were responsible for processing the data, everyone followed the established workflow and best practices. Completeness_Report: These data represent all the multibeam bathymetry data available in quadrangle 2 of the Stellwagen Bank study area collected as part of this study. This grid represents a less polished version of the data collected aboard the Creed that has not undergone extensive filtering, interpolation, or smoothing compared to some of the bathymetric products listed in the cross-references (for example, Butman and others, 2007). There are some no data gaps within the grid that have been left uninterpolated. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: These data were navigated with a differential global positioning system (DGPS) with an assumed accuracy of +/- 10 meters. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: These data have been corrected for vessel motion (roll, pitch, heave, yaw) and tidal offsets, and referenced to mean lower low water. The manufacturer reported vertical resolution of the Simrad EM-1000 multibeam echo sounder is 1% of water depth, which is better than 2 m given the depths within the study area (~18 to ~63 meters). Data were corrected for tidal elevation using the NOAA Boston tide gauge. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Initial data collection and processing is described in Valentine and others 1999, Valentine 2005, and Butman and others, 2007. A summary of that information is presented here. Surveying was conducted aboard the Canadian Hydrographic Service vessel Frederick G. Creed using a hull mounted multibeam echo sounder. These data were collected using a Simrad Subsea EM1000 operating at 95 kHz. SwathEd software (version unknown) developed by the Ocean Mapping Group, University of New Brunswick, was used to process the bathymetric and navigation data. The processing included editing the data to remove spurious points as well as incorporate tidal corrections. Processing took place over a span of time, 1994 to 1996. Process_Date: 1996 Process_Step: Process_Description: The remaining process steps are a function of incorporating information from the previous publications (noted in cross-references), along with processing notes maintained during data processing. The final SwathEd-produced file (based on a 10-meter-grid-cell size) was converted to an ASCII file using the University of New Brunswick script r4toASCII. The format of the ASCII file is latitude, longitude, and depth. The ASCII file was converted to an ArcInfo ungenerate format using a Perl script. The resulting format is ID, longitude, latitude, and negative depth. Each point has a unique ID value. Using ArcInfo 7.03, the ungenerate format was converted to a coverage format using the 'convert to arc' from 'generate tool' available in ArcTools. The 'build' command with the point option was then used to convert the data to a point coverage. This procedure generates the point locations stored in the ungenerate file, but does not incorporate the depth values. In order to include depth, the ungenerate file - which has location as well as depth - was converted to an ArcInfo table, using 'Tables' in ArcInfo. The structure of the ArcInfo table was defined to include the ID, longitude, latitude, and depth in the appropriate format and size. Longitude and latitude were defined as floating point numbers with six decimal places, while depth was defined as a floating point number with two decimal places. To add the depth value to the point coverage, ArcInfo 'Tables' was used to join the point attribute table (pat) of the coverage to the newly-generated data table based on the ID value. In order to join the tables, the data table ID field had to be renamed to match the automatically assigned coverage ID field. The projection of the point coverage was defined in ArcInfo with the PROJECTDEFINE command and the following parameters: Projection Geographic; Datum NAD83; Units DD; Spheroid GRS80. This process was performed by Jessica Baker in 1997. Then the coverage was projected to the custom Mercator projection using the ArcInfo PROJECT command with the following options: Projection Mercator; Datum NAD83, Spheroid GRS1980; Units Meters; Longitude of Central Meridian -70degrees 19minutes; Latitude of true scale 41degrees 39minutes; False Easting 0; False northing 0. This process was performed by Jessica Baker in 1997. The final step was to convert the points to a grid. This was accomplished using the ArcInfo 'pointgrid' command. The depth attribute was gridded at a cell size of 13 meters, and the background value was set to nodata. This final processing step was performed in 1997, and then again by Tammie Middleton in 2001 and is the grid presented here. The 13-meter cell-size was chosen because it appeared to be the best cell size to avoid striping in the data when processing with the SwathEd software. Process_Date: 2001 Process_Step: Process_Description: The original work on Stellwagen Bank was based on 18 individual quadrangles, and the 13-m cell size grid was the foundation of much of the subsequent work that appears on maps of the Stellwagen Bank area. The information used to generate metadata was based on previous publications, the extensive data processing log prepared by Tanya Unger and Jessica Baker, as well as the individual log files generated during ArcInfo data processing. The information from the various sources was compiled to write the metadata describing this dataset. Process_Date: 2022 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The grid was added to ArcMap 10.8.1 and converted to a 32-bit GeoTIFF by right-mouse clicking the dataset then selecting 'Data-Export'. Using the dataset for the extent, spatial reference and cell size parameters, and saving in TIFF format. Process_Date: 2023 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell Row_Count: 1029 Column_Count: 1210 Vertical_Count: 1 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: NAD 1983 Mercator (ESRI Full Name: NAD_1983_Mercator) Mercator: Standard_Parallel: 41.65 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -70.3166666667 False_Easting: 0.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 13.0 Ordinate_Resolution: 13.0 Planar_Distance_Units: Meter Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_North_American_1983 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS_1980 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Depth_System_Definition: Depth_Datum_Name: Mean lower low water Depth_Resolution: 0.01 Depth_Distance_Units: meters Depth_Encoding_Method: Implicit coordinate Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Although a GeoTIFF doesn't have attributes per se, the dataset represents depth relative to mean lower low water. The more negative the value, the deeper the water. The range of depth values is -63.39 meters maximum depth to -18.77 meters minimum depth. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov Resource_Description: The dataset contains the GeoTIFF format of the bathymetry data with an accompanying world file (q2_13mbathy.tif), the browse graphic of the data (q2_13mbathy_browse.png) along with FGDC CSDGM compliant metadata in XML format. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: GeoTIFF Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.8.1 Format_Information_Content: The dataset includes the GeoTIFF format of the data, browse graphic, and FGDC CSDGM metadata in XML format are included in the dataset. Transfer_Size: 1.8 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/644a79e1d34ee8d4adee043b Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/644a79e1d34ee8d4adee043b Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UL3LWN Access_Instructions: The first link downloads all data available from the page as a zip file, the second link is to the page containing the data, and the third link is to the data release main landing page. Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: These data are available in GeoTIFF format. The user must have a software program capable of reading the format. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20241216 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with the USGS. Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998