Station locations in quadrangle 5 in Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary offshore of Boston, Massachusetts where video, photographs and sediment samples were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from 1993-2015 - includes sediment sample analyses and interpreted geologic substrate

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Title:
Station locations in quadrangle 5 in Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary offshore of Boston, Massachusetts where video, photographs and sediment samples were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from 1993-2015 - includes sediment sample analyses and interpreted geologic substrate
Abstract:
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the National Marine Sanctuary Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), has conducted seabed mapping and related research in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SBNMS) region since 1993. The interpretive datasets and source information presented here are for quadrangle 5, which is one of 18 similarly sized segments of the 3,700 square kilometer (km2) SBNMS region. The seabed of the SBNMS region is a glaciated terrain that is topographically and texturally diverse. Quadrangle 5 includes the shallow, rippled, coarse-grained sandy crest and upper eastern and western flanks of southern Stellwagen Bank, its fine-grained sandy lower western flank, and the muddy seabed in Stellwagen Basin. Water depths range from <25 m on the bank crest to ~100 m in the basin. The data presented here for quadrangle 5 are the foundation for Scientific Investigations Map 3515 (Valentine and Cross, 2024), which presents maps of seabed topography, ruggedness, backscatter intensity, distribution of geologic substrates, sediment mobility, distribution of fine- and coarse-grained sand, and substrate mud content. The maps of quadrangle 5 show the distribution of substrates across the southern part of Stellwagen Bank and the adjacent basins. Bathymetric and seabed backscatter imagery, photographs, video, and grain-size analyses were used to create the geologic interpretations presented here and have been reprocessed and released in segments to supports these interpretations. For the quadrangle 5 interpretations, data from 729 stations were analyzed, including 620 sediment samples. The seabed geology map of quadrangle 5 shows the distribution of 20 substrate types ranging from boulder ridges to mobile and rippled sand, to mud. Substrate types are defined or inferred through sediment grain-size composition, surface morphology, sediment layering, the mobility or immobility of substrate surfaces, and water depth range. Scientific Investigations Map 3515 portrays the major geological elements (substrates, topographic features, processes) of environments within quadrangle 5. It is intended to be a basis for the study of sediment transport processes that affect a shallow, offshore bank, for the study of the ecological requirements of invertebrate and vertebrate species that use these substrates, and to support seabed management in the region.
Supplemental_Information:
Over 50 scientific cruises have been conducted in an in an effort to map Stellwagen Bank. For this interpretation of Quadrangle 5 on Stellwagen Bank, ground-truth stations on the following 23 USGS WHCMSC field activities have played a vital role: 1993-006-FA, 1993-023-FA, 1993-030-FA, 1994-004-FA, 1994-014-FA, 1995-012-FA, 1995-015-FA, 1995-036-FA, 1996-025-FA, 1996-037-FA, 1996-038-FA, 1998-017-FA, 1998-022-FA, 1998-029-FA, 1999-011-FA, 2013-044-FA, 2014-015-FA, 2014-055-FA, 2014-066-FA, 2015-017-FA, 2015-062-FA, 2016-038-FA, 2019-008-FA. More information on each of these activities can be found by replacing the XXXX in the following URL with the cruise ID: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=XXXX. For example: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=1993-023-FA.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Valentine, Page C., 20240320, Station locations in quadrangle 5 in Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary offshore of Boston, Massachusetts where video, photographs and sediment samples were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from 1993-2015 - includes sediment sample analyses and interpreted geologic substrate: data release DOI:10.5066/P9W9BN3S, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Valentine, Page C., and Cross, VeeAnn A., 2024, Geospatial datasets of seabed topography, sediment mobility, and the distribution of geologic substrates in quadrangle 5 of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region offshore of Boston, Massachusetts: data release DOI:10.5066/P9W9BN3S, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Suggested citation: Valentine, P.C., and Cross, V.A., 2024, Geospatial datasets of seabed topography, sediment mobility, and the distribution of geologic substrates in quadrangle 5 of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region offshore of Boston, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W9BN3S.
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.40784
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.22247
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.32185
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.20299
  3. What does it look like?
    https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/63a09185d34e0de3a1f27734?name=q5_stations_geology_browse.png&allowOpen=true (PNG)
    Thumbnail image showing the station locations used in the geologic interpretation of the sea floor in quadrangle 5 of Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary.
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 20-Apr-1993
    Ending_Date: 31-Jul-2019
    Currentness_Reference:
    Ground condition of data acquired at stations. Most of the stations are from 1993 to 2015, only 2 after that are in this dataset. One from 2016 and one from 2019. However, the currentness reference for the geologic substrate attributes is publication date - 2024.
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Vector Digital Dataset (Point)
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Entity point (729)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is D_North_American_1983.
      The ellipsoid used is GRS_1980.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222101.
      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Depth_System_Definition:
      Depth_Datum_Name: Local surface
      Depth_Resolution: 1
      Depth_Distance_Units: meters
      Depth_Encoding_Method: Attribute values
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    q5_stations_geology
    Station locations of bottom video, bottom photographs, and sediment samples as well as sediment analysis used in the interpretation of the sea floor geology of quadrangle 5 on Stellwagen Bank. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    SBNMS_ID
    USGS Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SBNMS) station number assigned in the field. In some instances, multiple transects of photo and (or) video collection were conducted at approximately the same site and assigned the same station number. These instances are noted by a decimal number. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Although the field is a numeric field, the decimal portion of the number does not represent a fraction of a station but rather another approximate occupation of the same station. In other published versions of the data the multiple sites were annotated by a letter after the station number such that instead of 3131.1, it would be 3131a.
    SUBSTR_SYM
    Substrate unit symbol abbreviation corresponding to the interpreted geologic substrate that for that sample location. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    A1Abbreviated symbol for A1 r_cgS where r = rippled, cgS = coarse-grained sand
    A3Abbreviated symbol for A3 r_cgS where r = rippled, cgS = coarse-grained sand
    HAbbreviated symbol for H r_fgS where r = rippled, fgS = fine-grained sand
    IAbbreviated symbol for I i_fgcgS where i = immobile, fgcgS = fine- and coarse-grained sand
    JAbbreviated symbol for J r_cgfgS / i_pcbG where r = rippled, cgfgS = coarase- and fine-grained sand, / = overlying, or partial veneer over, i = immobile, p = pebble, c = cobble, b = boulder, G = gravel
    KAbbreviated symbol for K r_cgS where r = rippled, cg = coarse-grained, s = sand
    LAbbreviated symbol for L i_mfgS where i = immobile, m = muddy, fgS = fine-grained sand
    MAbbreviated symbol for M i_mcgS / pcbG where i = immobile, m = muddy, cgS = coarse-grained sand, / = overlying, or partial veneer over, p = pebble, c = cobble, b = boulder, G = gravel
    NAbbreviated symbol for N i_mcgS where i = immobile, m = muddy, cgS = coarse-grained sand
    OAbbreviated symbol for O i_mfgcgS where i = immobile, m = muddy, fgcgS = fine- and coarse-grained sand
    PAbbreviated symbol for P i_mfgS where i = immobile, m = muddy, fgS = fine-grained sand
    QAbbreviated symbol for Q i_mfgS / pcbG where i = immobile, m = muddy, fgS = fine-grained sand, / = overlying, or partial veneer over, p = pebble, c = cobble, b = boulder, G = gravel
    RAbbreviated symbol for R i_fgsM where i = immobile, fgS = fine-grained sand, M = mud
    SAbbreviated symbol for S i_M where i = immobile, M = mud
    TAbbreviated symbol for T i_mcgS / pcbG where i = immobile, m = muddy, cgS = coarse-grained sand, / = overlying, or partial veneer over, p = pebble, c = cobble, b = boulder, G = gravel
    UAbbreviated symbol for U i_pcG where i = immobile, p = pebble, c = cobble, G = gravel
    VAbbreviated symbol for V i_fgsM / cbG where i = immobile, fgS = fine-grained sandy, M = mud, / = overlying, or partial veneer over, c = cobble, b = boulder, G = gravel
    WAbbreviated symbol for W r_cgS / i_scM where r = rippled, cgS = coarse-grained sand, / = overlying, or partial veneer over, i = immobile, s = sandy, c = cobble, M = mud
    SUBSTRATE
    Geologic substrate unit name that designates a unique substrate area on the seabed of quadrangle 5. (Source: Producer defined)
    ValueDefinition
    A1 r_cgSRippled, coarse-grained sand. Substrate A1 is a mobile, coarse-grained sand deposit on the crest and upper western flanks of Stellwagen Bank in quadrangle 5. The topographically irregular margin of the western edge of A1 suggests that the substrate is a sheet of sand that was transported eastward across the bank crest and down the western flank of the bank. Depth range of A1 is 24 to 55 m. Mean weight percents per grain-size category: mud, <1; sand, 94 (fgS, 3; cgS, 90); gravel, 6 (G1, 5; G2, 1). Substrate A1 is dominantly coarse-grained sand and is very low in mud and fine-grained sand content. The surface is covered with storm-generated sand ripples with wavelengths of 0.5 to 1.0 m, and orientation of ripple crests varies from N-S to NW-SE.
    A3 r_cgSRippled, coarse-grained sand. Substrate A3 is a mobile, coarse-grained sand deposit that lies on the crest and upper western flank of Stellwagen Bank. Depth range is 23 to 53 m. Mean weight percents per grain-size category: mud, <1; sand, 98 (fgS, 22; cgS, 76); gravel, 2 (G1, 1; G2 <1). Substrate A3 resembles substrate A1 in being a coarse-grained sand and having a very low mud content. It differs from A1 in having much more fine-grained sand, mostly as 3 phi sand (22 weight percent), and its surface ripples are smaller, with wavelengths of 10 to 20 cm.
    H r_fgSRippled, fine-grained sand. Substrate H is a mobile, fine-grained sand deposit that lies on the lower western flank of Stellwagen Bank in the southern part of quadrangle 5. Depth range is 38 to 52 m. Mean weight percents per grain-size category: mud, 2; sand, 98 (fgS, 83; cgS, 15); gravel, <1 (G1, <1; G2, 0). The surface of substrate H is characterized by low, long-wavelength (approximately 40 to 50 m) ripples that are visible in bathymetric imagery as depicted by 1-m contours; shell deposits are present in ripple troughs. Substrate H has an irregular western edge, which suggests it represents a downslope-moving sand sheet. The substrate is bounded upslope to the east by the sand sheet of substrate A1 (rippled, coarse-grained sand) and downslope to the west by substrates K (rippled, coarse-grained sand) and L (immobile, fine-grained sand). Substrate H resembles substrate L in the ratio of fine- to coarse-grained sand content but contains less mud.
    I i_fgcgSImmobile, fine- and coarse-grained sand. Substrate I is an immobile, mixed deposit of fine- and coarse-grained sand that forms a hummocky surface on the lower western flank of Stellwagen Bank. Depth range is 44 to 71 m. Mean weight percents per grain-size category: mud, 7; sand, 92 (fgS, 41; cgS, 51); gravel, 1 (G1, 1; G2, 1). It is bounded to the east in shallower water by substrate A1 (rippled, coarse-grained sand), to the south by substrates H (rippled, fine-grained sand), and L (immobile, muddy, fine-grained sand), to the west by substrate R (fine-grained sandy mud), and to the north by substrate L. Substrate I is similar in grain-size content to the upper layer of substrate J, which it surrounds. The almost equivalent weight percents of fine- and coarse-grained sand, and its relatively high content of 3 phi sand, suggest that substrate I is a thin layer of fine-grained sand (not unlike substrates H and L) overlying an older, coarse-grained sand sheet similar to adjacent substrate A1.
    J r_cgfgS / i_pcbGRippled, coarse- and fine-grained sand; partial veneer on immobile pebble, cobble, boulder gravel. Substrate J is a layered substrate of mobile sand overlying immobile gravel in a depression surrounded by substrate I on the lower flank of Stellwagen Bank. Depth range is 48 to 55 m. Mean weight percents per grain-size category of the coarse-and fine-grained sand upper layer: mud, 4; sand, 93 (fgS, 52; cgS, 40); gravel, 4 (G1, 2; G2, 2). The upper layer of substrate J is similar to substrate I in sand and mud composition.
    K r_cgSRippled, coarse-grained sand. Substrate K is a mobile sand deposit on the lower flank of Stellwagen Bank east of the eastern end of Southwestern Spur. Depth range is 42 to 50 m. Mean weight percents per grain-size category: mud, 1; sand, 98; (fgS, 24; cgS, 75); gravel, <1 (G1, <1; G2, 0). Substrate K is dominantly coarse-grained sand and is low in mud and fine-grained sand (3 phi sand is more abundant than 4 phi sand). It is bounded by immobile, fine-grained sand in deeper water (substrate L) and by rippled, fine-grained sand in shallower water (substrate H). Topographic imagery suggests that substrate H is a sand sheet that has moved downslope and encroached upon substrate K from the northeast. Substrate K is texturally equivalent to substrate A3. The fact that substrate K (coarse-grained sand) lies at deeper depths than the adjacent substrate H (fine-grained sand) indicates that it was not deposited by present-day sedimentary transport processes.
    L i_mfgSImmobile, muddy, fine-grained sand. Substrate L is immobile fine-grained sand that is present in three areas on the lowermost western flank of Stellwagen Bank and on the eastern part of Western Spur. It lies in a region where mud content increases as water depth increases from bank to basin. Depth range is 50 to 77 m. Mean weight percents per grain-size category: mud, 10; sand, 89 (fgS 73; cgS, 17); gravel, 1 (G1, 1; G2, 0). The distribution of substrate L along the lower part of the bank is interrupted in the south by east-west trending substrate Q of Southwestern Spur and farther north by substrate I.
    M i_mcgS / pcbGImmobile, muddy, coarse-grained sand; partial veneer on pebble, cobble, boulder gravel. Substrate M is a layered substrate that forms the hummocky surface of the western part of Western Spur, a westward extension of Stellwagen Bank into Stellwagen Basin. Depth range is 59 to 68 m. Mean weight percents per grain-size category of the muddy, coarse-grained sand upper layer: mud, 22; sand, 73 (fgS, 13; cgS, 60); gravel, 5 (G1, 4; G2, 1). The upper layer of substrate M is dominantly coarse-grained sand with less fine-grained sand (3 phi sand is greater than 4 phi sand) and mud. The irregular surface of the substrate indicates the presence of partially-buried gravel features that are visible in bathymetric imagery as depicted by 1-m contours. In some aspects, substrate M resembles the upper layer of substrate Q, which forms the hummocky surface of Southwestern Spur to the south. The upper layer of substrate Q has a similar mud content and lies at similar water depths, but unlike substrate M, it is a muddy, fine-grained sand. Substrate M is bounded in shallower water to the east by substrate L, a muddy, fine-grained sand, and elsewhere by substrate T, a mixed substrate of mud, sand, and gravel that lies in deeper water on the flank of Western Spur.
    N i_mcgSImmobile, muddy, coarse-grained sand. Substrate N is an immobile, muddy, coarse-grained sand that is associated with substrates L and O in an area of hummocky topography east of the scarp that separates the base of Stellwagen Bank from Stellwagen Basin. Depth range is 58 to 65 m. Mean weight percents per grain-size category: mud, 11; sand, 73 (fgS, 10; cgS, 63); gravel, 15 (G1, 10; G2, 5). See the description of substrate L with which both substrates N and O are associated. The deposits classified as substrate N are not mappable as a coherent unit at the present scale.
    O i_mfgcgSImmobile, muddy, mixed fine- and coarse-grained sand. Substrate O is an immobile, muddy, mixed fine- and coarse-grained sand that is associated with substrates L and N in an area of hummocky topography along the scarp that separates the base of Stellwagen Bank from Stellwagen Basin. Depth range is 55 to 64 m. Mean weight percents per grain-size category: mud, 15; sand, 82 (fgS, 41; cgS, 41); gravel, 4 (G1, 4; G2, 0). Substrate O likely is a mixture of substrates L and N. See the description of substrate L with which both substrates N and O are associated. Similar to substrate N, the deposits classified as substrate O are not mappable as a coherent unit at the present scale.
    P i_mfgSImmobile, muddy, fine-grained sand. Substrate P is an immobile, muddy, fine-grained sand that lies at the base of Stellwagen Bank in two areas of Stellwagen Basin, north and south of Southwestern Spur. Depth range is 59 to 69 m. Mean weight percents per grain-size category: mud, 29; sand, 69 (fgS, 60; cgS, 10); gravel, 1 (G1, 1; G2, <1).
    Q i_mfgS / pcbGImmobile, muddy, fine-grained sand; partial veneer on pebble, cobble, boulder gravel. Substrate Q is a layered substrate that forms the hummocky surface of Southwestern Spur, an elongate feature that extends northwestward into Stellwagen Basin from the lower southwestern flank of Stellwagen Bank. Depth range is 54 to 73 m. Mean weight percents per grain-size category of the muddy, fine-grained sand upper layer: mud, 24; sand, 69 (fgS, 42; cgS, 26); gravel, 7 (G1, 4; G2, 3). The deeper parts of substrate Q are bounded to the north and south by mud substrates S and R, while the shallower parts to the east are bounded by muddy, fine-grained sand substrates L and P. The upper layer of substrate Q is dominantly fine-grained sand (3 phi sand is greater than 4 phi sand) with equal amounts of mud and coarse-grained sand. It resembles the upper layer of substrate M in some aspects (see above), but it is more similar to substrate P which occurs adjacent to Southwestern Spur.
    R i_fgsMImmobile, fine-grained sandy mud. Substrate R is immobile, fine-grained sandy mud that occupies two areas at the base of the western flank of Stellwagen Bank along the margins of Stellwagen Basin. Depth range is 71 to 88 m. Mean weight percents per grain-size category: mud, 60; sand, 40 (fgS, 37; cgS, 3); gravel, <1 (G1, <1; G2, 0). Substrate R is equivalent to the upper layer of substrate V. Substrate R is bounded on the east by the muddy, fine-grained sands of substrates that lie in shallower water on the lower western flank of Stellwagen Bank and on the flanks of Southwestern Spur and Western Spur. It is bounded on the west by substrate S in Stellwagen Basin, a mud with a fine-grained sand content of only 5 weight percent, mostly in the 4-phi category. Substrate R is characterized by the presence of fish and crab burrows.
    S i_MImmobile mud. Substrate S is immobile mud that occupies much of Stellwagen Basin. Depth range is 71 to 103 m. Mean weight percents per grain-size category: mud, 94; sand, 6 (fgS, 5; cgS 1); gravel, 0. Substrate S is bounded along the basin margin by substrate R (fine-grained sandy mud), which lies between S and the fine-grained sands of the lower Stellwagen Bank. Elsewhere, substrate S is bounded by muddy, fine-grained sand (upper layer of substrate Q) on Southwestern Spur, and by muddy, coarse-grained sand (upper layer of substrate T) on the flanks of Fifteen Bank and Western Spur. Substrate S is characterized by the presence of fish and crab burrows.
    T i_mcgS / pcbGImmobile, muddy, coarse-grained sand; partial veneer on pebble, cobble, boulder gravel. Substrate T is a layered substrate that forms a somewhat hummocky seabed on the top and flanks of Fifteen Bank and on the westward-facing flank of the adjacent Western Spur. Depth range is 70 to 103 m. Mean weight percents per grain-size category of the muddy, coarse-grained sand upper layer: mud, 34; sand, 52 (fgS, 14; cgS, 37); gravel, 14 (G1, 10; G2, 4). The substrate resembles substrate M (also a layered, muddy, coarse-grained sand) that covers the western surface of Western Spur in having similar amounts of fine-grained sand; but substrate T has a lower content of coarse-grained sand and a higher content both of mud and gravel.
    U i_pcGImmobile, pebble, cobble gravel. Substrate U is an immobile, gravel pavement. Video imagery revealed it to be closely-packed pebbles and cobbles with little to no sand veneer. Station 1644 (62 m) is located on the Western Edge of the bank. Weight percents per grain-size category of sediment collected from this station: mud, 10; sand, 44 (fgS, 11; cgS, 33); gravel, 46 (G1, 10; G2, 36). The sample is a mixture of the gravel pavement that forms the seabed (cobbles were observed but not collected) and the underlying sandy sediment.
    V i_fgsM / pcbGImmobile, fine-grained sandy mud; partial veneer on cobble, boulder gravel. Substrate V was observed in two areas in Stellwagen Basin that lie in the area occupied by substrate R. Substrate V is a layered substrate that partially covers cobbles and boulders. The upper layer of substrate V is texturally equivalent to substrate R. For mean weight percents per grain-size category of this upper layer, see substrate R. The underlying cobbles and boulders represent almost-buried mounds of gravel that produce a hummocky surface that is visible in bathymetric imagery as depicted by 1-m contours. The gravel features are partly exposed by the scouring and burrowing activities of fish.
    W r_cgS / i_scMRippled, coarse-grained sand; partial veneer on immobile, semiconsolidated mud. Substrate W is a layered substrate of rippled, coarse-grained sand that partially covers outcrops of semiconsolidated mud that occurs in the area occupied by substrate A1. It was observed at 3 locations on the bank crest in quadrangle 5. Water depth range of the stations is 31 to 35 m. Grain-size analyses of all samples identified as W were used to calculate the mean weight percents of aggregates and composite grades of the sediment partial veneer overlying semiconsolidated mud: mud, <1; sand, 88 (fgS, 10; cgS, 78); gravel, 12 (G1, 11; G2, 1). Visual analysis of video imagery revealed the lower substrate to be an irregular, burrowed and fragment-strewn surface. It is interpreted to represent an outcrop of semiconsolidated mud that has been burrowed by benthic organisms. The rippled, coarse-grained sand partial upper layer was collected without disturbing the lower clay layer and is texturally very similar to substrates A1 and A3. Stations identified as deposits of substrate W in the area occupied by substrate A1 are not mappable as a coherent unit at the present scale.
    PHOTOS
    The value of this attribute indicates if seabed photographs were taken at the station. True indicates that photo(s) were taken, false indicates no photo(s) were taken. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Boolean character set. True indicates the station has seabed photo(s), false indicates no photo(s).
    VIDEO
    The value of this attribute indicates if seabed video was recorded at the station. True indicates that photo(s) were taken, false indicates no video was taken. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Boolean character set. True indicates the station has video imagery of the seabed, false indicates no video.
    SAMPLE
    The value of this attribute indicates if seabed video was recorded at the station. True indicates a sediment sample was taken, false indicates no sediment sample was taken. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Boolean character set. True indicates the station has a sediment sample, false indicates no sediment sample.
    USGS-DBID
    Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center sediment database identification number for analyzed sediment samples. The unique identifier is assigned during lab analysis. Older samples consist of two characters and three numerals assigned during lab analysis. More recent samples begin with the assigned multi-letter code GS-, which corresponds to the type of analysis performed on the sample (grain size analysis), followed by a six-digit number assigned sequentially as samples are registered for analysis. The NODATA value is 9999 indicating where samples were not physically collected. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey.) Character set.
    LONGITUDE
    Longitude coordinate of the station location. In the case of sediment samples, this is the longitude of the sediment sample. For other station locations, this location marks the approximate end of the occupied station. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-70.40784
    Maximum:-70.22247
    Units:decimal degrees
    LATITUDE
    Latitude coordinate of the station location. In the case of sediment samples, this is the latitude of the sediment sample. For other station locations, this location marks the approximate end of the occupied station. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:42.20299
    Maximum:42.32185
    Units:decimal degrees
    CRUISE_ID
    U.S. Geological Survey Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center cruise identifier. This is a combination of vessel name codes, year, and field activity number within that year. For example: FERL94004 indicates the vessel used was the Ferrel; 94004 refers to the cruise number where the first two digits are the year and the remaining numbers indicate the field activity of that year. 94004 indicates 1994, the ninth field activity of that year. In this dataset, for cruises after 2000, the format changed such that the year is represented by four digits such as AUK2013044. In this instance, AUK is the vessel, 2013044 is the cruise number where 2013 is the year and 044 indicates the forty-fourth cruise of that year. The online link supplied with each field activity takes the user to additional information about the field activity - and reflects the newer naming convention of YYYY-XXX-FA where YYYY is the cruise year, XXX is the field activity cruise number within that year, and FA stands for Field Activity. (Source: Producer defined)
    ValueDefinition
    ANDR93023vessel Anderson, 1993, field activity 23
    ANDR95015vessel Anderson, 1995, field activity 15
    ANDR95036vessel Anderson, 1995, field activity 36
    ARGO94014vessel Argo Maine, 1994, field activity 14
    AUK2013044vessel Auk, 2013, field activity 44
    AUK2014015vessel Auk, 2014, field activity 15
    AUK2014055vessel Auk, 2014, field activity 55
    AUK2014066vessel Auk, 2014, field activity 66
    AUK2015017vessel Auk, 2015, field activity 17
    AUK2015062vessel Auk, 2015, field activity 62
    AUK2016038vessel Auk, 2016, field activity 38
    AUK2019008vessel Auk, 2019, field activity 8
    CAND98022vessel Christopher Andrew, 1998, field activity 22
    DIAN96025vessel Diane G, 1996, field activity 25
    DLWR93006vessel Delaware II, 1993, field activity 6
    DLWR93030vessel Delaware II, 1993, field activity 30
    DLWR99011vessel Delaware II, 1999, field activity 11
    FERL94004vessel Ferrel, 1994, field activity 4
    FERL95012vessel Ferrel, 1995, field activity 12
    FERL96038vessel Ferrel, 1996, field activity 38
    FERL98029vessel Ferrel, 1998, field activity 29
    ISBL96037vessel Isabel S, 1996, field activity 37
    ISBL98017vessel Isabel S, 1998, field activity 17
    DEPTH_M
    Water depth of station (in meters), measured at some location by the ship's fathometer and at other locations by the SEABOSS depth sensor. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:23
    Maximum:103
    Units:meters
    YEAR_COLL
    Year the station was occupied. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1993
    Maximum:2019
    Units:year
    UTC_JDTIME
    Julian day and time the station was occupied. Time is GMT. The format is Julian Day:HH:MM:SS. Julian day is the integer number representing the interval of time in days since January 1 of the year of collection and time is in hours, minutes, and seconds. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set specifying day and time in the format Julian day:HH:MM:SS.
    QUAD
    Quadrangle number in Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region that the station occupied. In the case of drift stations, this number represents where the quadrangle occupied at the end of the station. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    ValueDefinition
    5Quadrangle 5 of Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary
    DEVICE
    The sampler used to acquire the sediment sample - the USGS modified Van Veen (VV) grab sampler. A NODATA value of 9999 indicates where samples were not physically collected. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Character set.
    T_DEPTH
    Top depth of the sample below sediment-water interface. A value of 9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: Producer defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:0
    Units:cm
    B_DEPTH
    Bottom depth of the sample below the sediment-water interface. A value of 9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:2
    Maximum:2
    Units:cm
    WEIGHT
    Weight of dry sample in grams. A value of 9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary (Poppe and others, 2014))
    Range of values
    Minimum:15.8
    Maximum:748.3
    Units:grams
    SAND_PCT
    Sand content in percent dry weight. A value of 9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary (Poppe and others, 2014))
    Range of values
    Minimum:1.3
    Maximum:100
    Units:percent
    GRAVEL_PCT
    Gravel content in percent dry weight. A value of 9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary (Poppe and others, 2014))
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:51.3
    Units:percent
    CLAY_PCT
    Clay content in percent dry weight. A value of 9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary (Poppe and others, 2014))
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:45.5
    Units:percent
    SILT_PCT
    Silt content in percent dry weight. A value of 9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary (Poppe and others, 2014))
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:86.8
    Units:percent
    MUD_PCT
    Mud (combined clay and silt) content in percent dry weight. A value of 9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:98.7
    Units:percent
    PHI_11
    Weight percent of the sample in the 11 phi fraction (clay). A value of 9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary (Poppe and others, 2014))
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:10.2
    Units:percent
    PHI_10
    Weight percent of the sample in the 10 phi fraction (clay). A value of 9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary (Poppe and others, 2014))
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:17.3
    Units:percent
    PHI_9
    Weight percent of the sample in the 9 phi fraction (clay). A value of -9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary (Poppe and others, 2014))
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:21.8
    Units:percent
    PHI_8
    Weight percent of the sample in the 8 phi fraction (very fine silt). A value of 9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary (Poppe and others, 2014))
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:24.6
    Units:percent
    PHI_7
    Weight percent of the sample in the 7 phi fraction (fine silt). A value of 9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary (Poppe and others, 2014))
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:24.3
    Units:percent
    PHI_6
    Weight percent of the sample in the 6 phi fraction (medium silt). A value of 9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary (Poppe and others, 2014))
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:20.3
    Units:percent
    PHI_5
    Weight percent of the sample in the 5 phi fraction (coarse silt). A value of 9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary (Poppe and others, 2014))
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:54.9
    Units:percent
    PHI_4
    Weight percent of the sample in the 4 phi fraction (very fine sand). A value of 9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary (Poppe and others, 2014))
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:53.4
    Units:percent
    PHI_3
    Weight percent of the sample in the 3 phi fraction (fine sand). A value of 9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary (Poppe and others, 2014))
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:89.1
    Units:percent
    FG_SAND
    Weight percent of the combined 4-phi and 3-phi weight percents (fine-grained sand). A value of 9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.2
    Maximum:97.6
    Units:percent
    PHI_2
    Weight percent of the sample in the 2 phi fraction (medium sand). A value of 9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary (Poppe and others, 2014))
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:71.4
    Units:percent
    PHI_1
    Weight percent of the sample in the 1 phi fraction (coarse sand). A value of -9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary (Poppe and others, 2014))
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:74.0
    Units:percent
    PHI_0
    Weight percent of the sample in the 0 phi fraction (very coarse sand). A value of -9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary (Poppe and others, 2014))
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:65.8
    Units:percent
    CG_SAND
    Weight percent of the combined 2-phi, 1-phi and 0-phi weight percents (coarse-grained sand). A value of 9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:99.2
    PHIM1
    Weight percent of the sample in the -1 phi fraction (granule). A value of 9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary (Poppe and others, 2014))
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:37.7
    Units:percent
    PHIM2
    Weight percent of the sample in the -2 phi fraction (pebble). A value of 9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary (Poppe and others, 2014))
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:15.2
    Units:percent
    G1
    Weight percent of the combined -1-phi and -2-phi weight percents (gravel subclass 1). A value of 9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:45.7
    Units:percent
    PHIM3
    Weight percent of the sample in the -3 phi fraction (pebble). A value of 9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary (Poppe and others, 2014))
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:18.8
    Units:percent
    PHIM4
    Weight percent of the sample in the -4 phi fraction (pebble). A value of 9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary (Poppe and others, 2014))
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:24.3
    Units:percent
    PHIM5
    Weight percent of the sample in the -5 phi fraction (pebble). A value of 9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary (Poppe and others, 2014))
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:6.0
    Units:percent
    G2
    Weight percent of the combined -3-phi, -4-phi and -5-phi weight percents (gravel subclass 2). A value of 9999 is a NODATA value entered where samples were not physically collected. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:36.5
    RIPPLES
    The value of this attribute indicates if ripples were observed at the station in video. True indicates that ripples are present, false indicates no ripples were present.A value of 9999 is a NODATA value where there was no video on which to base the observation. Instances occur where the video attribute is FALSE, and RIPPLES is TRUE due to ripples observed in the real-time unrecorded video and noted in the log book of the field activity. (Source: Page C. Valentine) Character set.
    SUBSTR_NAM
    Truncated from SUBSTR_NAME. Brief text description corresponding to the interpreted geologic substrate of the seabed that falls at the station location. Not all stations represent a mappable substrate, so the geologic unit of the station may not be the same as the comprehensive geologic substrate unit assigned to an area. (Source: Page C. Valentine) Character set.
    STA_POLYLO
    Truncated from STA_POLYLOC. The mapped polygon substrate the station location falls in. If the geologic unit of the station is not part of a coherent mappable substrate, the polygon location indicates the mapped substrate the sample falls in, with the additional information indicating representation by a square symbol since the station itself is not part of the mapped coherent substrate in which it falls. (Source: Page C. Valentine) Character set.
    COMMENT
    Provides addition pertinent information regarding the station. This information can include why a sample was not used in the interpretation. (Source: Page C. Valentine) Character set.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    In the substrate attribute, weight percents described in the domain value definitions may not add to 100 due to rounding of values. Also in the geo_substr attributes, the mean weight percents for the units, sand is divided into two composite grades: fine-grained sand (fgS; 0.062 to <0.25 mm) and coarse-grained sand (cgS; 0.25 to <2mm). Gravel is also divided into two composite grades: Gravel1 (G1; 2 to <8 mm) and Gravel2(G2; 8 to <64 mm).
    
    
    In the CSV file, the column headings are not truncated. The truncation is a function of converting to a shapefile with a 10-character attribute header limit. In addition to the shapefile and CSV file, there is an accompanying Excel spreadsheet (q5_stations_geology.xlsx). Additional information regarding abbreviations is in the first row of the spreadsheet.
    
    
    That following information is the second row of the spreadsheet, the more robust header information. This is presented as column: column heading: description.
    
    
    Column A: USGS SBNMS Stations: Station number for samples collected during this project in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region offshore of Boston, Massachusetts
    
    
    Column B: Geologic substrate symbol: Symbol of substrate shown on maps
    
    
    Column C: Substrate name: Combination of substrate unit symbol and abbreviation of substrate descriptive name (see column AV)
    
    
    Column D: Photos: Collected (TRUE) or did not collect (FALSE) seabed photographs at the station
    
    
    Column E: Video: Collected (TRUE) or did not collect (FALSE) video imagery at the station
    
    
    Column F: Sample: Collected (TRUE) or did not collect (FALSE) sediment sample at the station
    
    
    Column G: USGS-DBID: USGS sediment grain size analysis database identification; n.d., no data
    
    
    Column H: Longitude west, decimal degrees: Longitude west in decimal degrees
    
    
    Column I: Latitude north, decimal degrees: Latitude north in decimal degrees
    
    
    Column J: WHCMSC field activity (cruise) no.: USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center field activity (cruise) number. Example ANDR95036. ANDR is vessel name code (Peter W. Anderson), 95 is last two digits of year, and 036 is the 36th field activity of the year.
    
    
    Column K: Sample collection water depth, m: Water depth at which sample was taken, in meters
    
    
    Column L: Sample collection year: Year sediment sample was collected
    
    
    Column M: Sample collection date, DDD:HH:MM:SS GMT: Date expressed as Julian Day (DDD) and time as HOUR:MINUTES:SECONDS Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) at which sample was collected (GMT same as UTC, Universal Coordinated Time, and ZULU, military time)
    
    
    Column N: Quad: Quadrangle number in SBNMS region in which sample was collected
    
    
    Column O: Sampler used: Sediment sample collected by a USGS modified Van Veen (VV) grab sampler http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/sfmapping/seaboss.htm
    
    
    Column P: Sediment sample top, cm below seabed surface: Top of sediment sample is the seabed surface (0 centimeters)
    
    
    Column Q: Sediment sample bottom, cm below seabed surface: Bottom of sediment sample is 2 centimeters below the seabed surface
    
    
    Column R: Dry sediment sample mass, g: Mass of dry sediment used for grain-size analysis in grams
    
    
    Column S: Sand, wt pct: Weight percent of sand in sample
    
    
    Column T: Gravel, wt pct: Weight percent of gravel in sample
    
    
    Column U: Clay, wt pct: Weight percent of clay in sample
    
    
    Column V: Silt, wt pct: Weight percent of silt in sample
    
    
    Column W:Mud (clay+silt), wt pct: Weight percent of mud (combined clay and silt) in sample
    
    
    Column X: 11-phi-size class (clay), wt pct: Weight percent of 11-phi-size sediment in sample
    
    
    Column Y: 10-phi-size class (clay), wt pct: Weight percent of 10-phi-size sediment in sample
    
    
    Column Z: 9-phi-size class (clay), wt pct: Weight percent of 9-phi-size sediment in sample
    
    
    Column AA: 8-phi-size class (very fine silt), wt pct: Weight percent of 8-phi-size sediment in sample
    
    
    Column AB: 7-phi-size class (fine silt), wt pct: Weight percent of 7-phi-size sediment in sample
    
    
    Column AC: 6-phi-size class (medium silt), wt pct: Weight percent of 6-phi-size sediment in sample
    
    
    Column AD: 5-phi-size class (coarse silt), wt pct: Weight percent of 5-phi-size sediment in sample
    
    
    Column AE: 4-phi-size class (very fine sand), wt pct: Weight percent of 4-phi-size sediment in sample
    
    
    Column AF: 3-phi-size class (fine sand), wt percent: Weight percent of 3-phi-size sediment in sample
    
    
    Column AG: fine-grained sand (fgS) (4 + 3 phi), wt pct: Weight percent of combined 3-phi- and 4-phi-size sediment in sample
    
    
    Column AH: 2-phi-size class (medium sand), wt pct: Weight percentage of 2-phi-size sediment in sample
    
    
    Column AI: 1-phi-size class (coarse sand), wt pct: Weight percent of 1-phi-size sediment in sample
    
    
    Column AJ: 0-phi-size class (very coarse sand), wt pct: Weight percent of 0-phi-size sediment in sample
    
    
    Column AK: Coarse-grained sand (cgS) (2 + 1 + 0 phi), wt pct: Weight percent of combined 2-phi-, 1-phi-, and 0-phi-size sediment in sample
    
    
    Column AL: -1-phi-size class (granule), wt pct: Weight percent of -1-phi-size sediment in sample
    
    
    Column AM: -2-phi-size class (pebble), wt pct: weight percent of -2-phi-size sediment in sample
    
    
    Column AN: Gravel 1 (G1) (-1 + -2 phi), wt pct: G subscript 1 weight percent of combined -1-phi- and -2-phi-size sediment in sample
    
    
    Column AO: -3-phi-size class (pebble), wt pct: Weight percent of -3-phi-size sediment in sample
    
    
    Column AP: -4-phi-size class (pebble), wt pct: Weight percent of -4-phi-size sediment in sample
    
    
    Column AQ: -5-phi-size class (pebble), wt pct: Weight percent of -5-phi-size sediment in sample
    
    
    Column AR: Gravel2 (G2) (-3 + -4 + -5 phi), wt pct: G subscript 2 weight percent of combined -3-phi-, -4-phi-, and -5-phi-size sediment in sample
    
    
    Column AS: Sand ripples present: Indicates if sand ripples were observed in video at the station location
    
    
    Column AT: Substrate unit name translation: Describes the mobility, texture, and layering of the sediment substrate
    
    
    Column AU: Polygon locations of sample stations used to map substrates. Polygon locations of samples that cannot be mapped as a coherent substrate and are represented by a square symbol: Indicates if identified substrate at the sample location can be mapped as a substrate and what substrate the sample falls in, or cannot be mapped as a coherent substrate indicating in what substrate polygon the sample falls followed by a symbol representation as a square.
    
    
    Column AV: Comment: Explanatory notes for selected stations.
    The definitions of the substrate components are fully defined in the related report (Valentine and Cross, 2024) but are also defined here:
    i = immobile
    cgS = coarse-grained sand
    fgS = fine-grained sand
    fgcgS = fine- and coarse-grained sand dominated by coarse-grained
    cgfgS = coarse-and fine-grained sand dominated by fine-grained
    If the S is capitalized, it indicates Sand as a major component. A lower-case s indicates sandy, and not a major component.
    M = mud (as a major component)
    m = muddy
    r = rippled
    p = pebble
    c = cobble (when not immediately followed by g)
    b = boulder
    G = gravel (as a major component)
    g = gravelly
    / = overlying or partial veneer over
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • Page C. Valentine
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Page C. Valentine
    Research Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2239 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
    Contact_Instructions:
    The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with the USGS.

Why was the data set created?

This shapefile contains quadrangle 5 station locations, interpreted geologic substrate at each location, and description of sampling type (sediment sample, video, photograph). Station locations that have sediment samples include the sediment analyses data. These stations represent information used in the geologic interpretation.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    SEABOSS (source 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey, Unpublished material, SEABOSS photographs and video of the sea floor.

    Type_of_Source_Media: film and digital media
    Source_Contribution:
    The SEABed Observation and Sampling System (SEABOSS) was designed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for rapid and effective collection of seabed images and sediment samples in coastal regions. The observations from video and still cameras and the sediment data are used to explore the nature of the seafloor and, in conjunction with high-resolution geophysical data, to make interpretive maps of sedimentary environments and validate the acoustic remote sensing data. The SEABOSS is a simple system that can be deployed from both small and large surface vessels and operates in water depths up to 200 m. Although the configuration has been modified over the years, it typically incorporates two video cameras, a still camera, a depth sensor, and a modified Van Veen sediment sampler. The elements of the SEABOSS system used on Stellwagen Bank are housed within a stainless-steel framework that measures 1.2 x 1.2 meters and weighs approximately 136 kilograms overall. The frame has a stabilizer fin that orients the system as it drifts over the seabed. The height of the camera above the seabed (76 cm; 30 in) initially was determined by viewing an object hanging from the SEABOSS below the video camera; when the object touched the seabed, the camera height was appropriate for still photography. Later in the project, the camera height was determined by viewing a pattern of laser beams on the seabed. Two parallel lasers are set 20 cm apart on the SEABOSS frame and project onto the seabed for scale measurements. All of the system's elements that require power are powered from the surface vessel through a conducting cable. Video displays typically include station number, water depth (from the depth sensor), and date, time, and geographic position (provided by a shipboard navigation system). More recent cruises (the AUK cruises included in this dataset, 2015 and later) collected video images using a battery-operated, high-definition (1920 x 1080 pixels) GoPro digital video camera. During deployment, the camera system hangs directly below the side of the ship, and the recorded navigation data closely approximates the position of the camera system near the seabed. The ship is oriented so that wind and waves will not cause it to drift over the conducting cable attached to the SEABOSS. The winch operator uses a video feed from the system to maintain the camera at the proper height above the seabed and to avoid obstacles. The scientist uses the video to decide when to take a grab sample of seabed sediment.
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2022 (process 1 of 4)
    A subset of the published sediment sample analyses of Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary was separated based on station locations falling within quadrangle 5. Additionally, stations where either video or bottom photographs that fell within quadrangle 5 were also extracted from previously published datasets. These datasets were combined into a single Microsoft Office Excel 2010 spreadsheet. Additional columns of information were added to reflect whether the location marks a sediment sample location, a station that collected video, or a station that collected bottom photographs. Columns were also added to reflect the interpreted geologic substrate at the station location. Typically, the SEABOSS system would be deployed to the sea floor and the ship would drift while video and photos were recorded. When sediment samples were collected, they were acquired at the end of the drift. Sediment sample locations are given as the position of the actual sediment sample. For stations where just video and/or photographs were acquired, the location marks the end of the station drift. Original work startedin 2016, but was completed in 2022, with the final work on the spreadsheet occurring in Microsoft Office 365 Excel software. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Page C. Valentine
    Research Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Rd.
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    (508) 548-8700 x2239 (voice)
    (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
    pvalentine@usgs.gov
    Date: 2022 (process 2 of 4)
    Numeric fields in the Excel spreadsheet with null values (blanks) were set to 9999. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Page C. Valentine
    Research Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Rd.
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    (508) 548-8700 x2239 (voice)
    (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
    pvalentine@usgs.gov
    Date: 2022 (process 3 of 4)
    The Excel spreadsheet was edited to include a third row of column headers that would be compatible with Esri shapefile attribute headings. Temporarily removing the first two rows of the spreadsheet, the spreadsheet was then exported as a CSV MS-DOS file using Excel 365. The original spreadsheet with the two additional rows of information is included in the dataset. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Rd.
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 2022 (process 4 of 4)
    The comma-delimited text file was added to ArcMap 10.8.1 using the Add XY Data tool. The X Field was set to longitude and the Y Field was set to latitude. The coordinate system was defined as a geographic coordinate system, NAD83. The event theme was then converted to a shapefile by right mouse clicking the event theme and exporting to a shapefile (q5_stations_geology.shp) with a geographic, NAD83 coordinate system. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Rd.
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Valentine, P., Blackwood, D., and Parolski, K., 2000, Seabed observation and sampling system: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-142-00, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    This publication gives an overview description of the SEABOSS system. The details have changed over the years with updated equipment, but the concept has not changed.
    Blackwood, D.S., and Parolski, K.F., 2001, Seabed observation and sampling system: Sea Technology v. 42, no. 2, p.39-43.

    Other_Citation_Details:
    This publication gives an overview description of the SEABOSS system. The details have changed over the years with updated equipment, but the concept has not changed.
    Poppe, L.J., Williams, S.J., and Paskevich, V.F., 2014, U.S. Geological Survey east-coast sediment analysis: Procedures, database, and GIS data: Open-File Report 2005-1001, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    This publication contains the definitions of some of the attributes contained in this dataset.
    Valentine, Page C., and Gallea, Leslie B., 2015, Seabed maps showing topography, ruggedness, backscatter intensity, sediment mobility, and the distribution of geologic substrates in quadrangle 6 of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region offshore of Boston, Massachusetts: Scientific Investigations Map 3341, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    This publication contains the equivalent information as this data release, but for quadrangle 6.
    Valentine, Page C., 2019, Sediment classification and the characterization, identification, and mapping of geologic substrates for the glaciated Gulf of Maine seabed and other terrains, providing a physical framework for ecological research and seabed management: Scientific Investigations Report 2019-5073, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    This document describes the methodology developed to map the glaciated terrain characterized by geologic substrates that typify a wide range of erosional and depositional sediment environments. This methodology is what was used in this dataset.
    Valentine, Page C., and Cross, VeeAnn A., 2024, Seabed maps showing topography, ruggedness, backscatter intensity, sediment mobility, and the distribution of geologic substrates in quadrangle 5 of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region offshore of Boston, Massachusetts: Scientific Investigations Map 3515, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    This report is the companion publication of the data release that provides the additional details and information related to the interpretation and methods. Additionally, the report contains PDF map representations of the seabed interpretation. The report also provides additional references related to the work in Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    These data were navigated with a differential global position system (DGPS) that varied depending on year of collection. These DGPS locations are assumed to be accurate to +/- 10 meters horizontally. During deployment, the camera system hangs below the side of the ship, and the recorded navigation data closely approximates the position of the camera system near the seabed. The ship is oriented so that wind and waves will not cause it to drift over the conducting cable attached to the SEABed Observation and Sampling System (SEABOSS). Considering navigation system accuracy, cable out, location of navigation antenna relative to camera system deployment - these locations are assumed to be accurate +/- 30 meters.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    Depth values were acquired by two methods. Depth was acquired using the ship fathometer until 1998. From 1998 and 1999, depth was acquired using the depth sensor on the SEABOSS. Starting again in 2013, depth values were acquires using the ship fathometer. Depth values were rounded to the nearest meter to account for ship motion. No adjustment was made for tides or transducer depth in the case of using the ship fathometer. Depths are assumed to be accurate to within 5 meters, generally assumed to be accurate to +/- 2 meters.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    All stations used to derive the geologic substrate interpretation of quadrangle 5 are included in this dataset. Many of the project sites were sampled repetitively over this time period and not all data collected was required to compile the geologic substrate interpretation. The last cruise that provided sediment texture and video data was conducted in November, 2015 (2015-062-FA). Two stations visited at a later date (4554 and 4929) provided data for identifying substrate W which is unmappable as a separate polygon unit. There are 3 stations that indicate no video, photographs, or sediment sample were acquired. However, the comments attribute explains why these stations are included. Instances occurred where the grab sampler could not obtain a viable sample for complete sediment analysis, but the presence of cobble(s) in the sampler did give insight as to the geologic substrate.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    All of the sediment samples were processed at the Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center sediment lab. In most cases, the presence or absense of ripples was based on the video. If no video files are available, ripples was set to 9999. However, there are instances where no video is available, but the log book indicates the presence of ripples based on real time video observations (but no video files recorded).

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints None.
Use_Constraints None.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
    Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
    Denver, CO

    1-888-275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? The dataset contains quad5_stations_geology.shp and the shapefile compnents, the data in Excel 365 spreadsheet format (q5_stations_geology.xlsx), the data in CSV format (q5_stations_geology.csv), a browse graphic (q5_stations_geology_browse.png), and FGDC CSDGM metadata in XML format.
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    These data are available in Environmental Systems Research Institute (Esri) shapefile format and Microsoft Excel 2010 format. The user must software capable of reading these formats. The data are available for download in WinZip format.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 20-Mar-2024
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey
Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA

508-457-2251 (voice)
508-548-8700 x2251 (FAX)
whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
Contact_Instructions:
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with the USGS.
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)

This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/whcmsc/SB_data_release/DR_P9W9BN3S/q5_stations_geology_meta.faq.html>
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