Continuous Monitoring Data From Natural and Restored Salt Marshes on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 2016-17

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What does this data set describe?

Title:

Continuous Monitoring Data From Natural and Restored Salt Marshes on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 2016-17

Abstract:

Continuous monitoring data reported are a portion of data from a larger study investigating changes in soil properties, carbon accumulation, and greenhouse gas fluxes in four recently restored salt marsh sites and nearby natural salt marshes. For several decades, local towns, conservation groups, and government organizations have worked to identify, replace, repair, and enlarge culverts to restore tidal flow upstream from historical tidal restrictions in an effort to restore salt marsh ecosystems on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Undersized or failed culverts restrict tidal exchange between the marsh and the bays and estuaries, which leads to alterations in plant community composition and in fundamental processes controlling soil carbon accumulation, soil carbon transformations, and greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, sites were selected to compare salt marshes restored over a range of years and to compare marshes upstream and downstream from a restored tidal restriction. Salt marshes downstream from tidal restrictions represent "natural" conditions because hydrology was not substantially altered, whereas marshes upstream from repaired culverts represent "restored" conditions. At each of the four salt marsh sites, study plots were established on the natural and restored sides of the former tidal restriction. Well water-level loggers, soil and air temperature loggers, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) sensors were deployed over the growing season to coincide with discrete measurements of greenhouse gas fluxes made by study collaborators. Water-level loggers were also deployed in creeks near the restored tidal restriction.

How might this data set be cited?
Jennifer A. O'Keefe Suttles, Brosnahan, Sandra M., Gonneea, Meagan E., and Kroeger, Kevin D., 20191203, Continuous Monitoring Data From Natural and Restored Salt Marshes on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 2016-17: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
Online Links:
- https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YLXOY8
- https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5da76672e4b09fd3b0c9c134
Other_Citation_Details:
Suggested citation: O’Keefe Suttles, J.A., Brosnahan, S.M., Gonneea, M.E., and Kroeger, K.D., 2019, Continuous monitoring data from natural and restored salt marshes on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 2016-17: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YLXOY8.
What geographic area does the data set cover?
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.42921
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.11329
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.75462
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.71607
What does it look like?

https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5da76672e4b09fd3b0c9c134?name=BassCreek_Restoration.jpg (JPEG)
Photograph of a restored tidal restriction at Bass Creek, Cape Cod, MA.
Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

Beginning_Date: 2016

Ending_Date: 2017

Currentness_Reference:

Ground Condition. Check individual sensor data for exact time period of data collection. All sensors were not collecting data at all locations for the entire year. Sensors were not deployed in winter.
What is the general form of this data set?
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Text files (*.TXT).
How does the data set represent geographic features?
1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
  
  Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) placenames
  
  This is a Point data set.
2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
  Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 1.0E-5. Longitudes are given to the nearest 1.0E-5. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1983.
  The ellipsoid used is Geodetic Reference System 80.
  The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
  The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222101.
  
  Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
  Altitude_System_Definition:
  Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988
  Altitude_Resolution: 0.01
  Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
  Altitude_Encoding_Method: Attribute values

How does the data set describe geographic features?

WELLS_2016_2017

Continuous monitoring of well water level, temperature, and salinity for wetland locations on Cape Cod. Raw pressure data, used to calculate water level, is reported as either absolute pressure or atmospherically corrected pressure (as exported from manufacturers' software). The TEXT file also includes latitude and longitude of sensor placement. The dataset includes 214,535 records. (Source: Producer-defined)

site_name

A text identifier for the general location of the study site. (Source: Producer-defined)

Value	Definition
Bass Creek	Data point collected from a wetland along Bass Creek in Yarmouth, MA on Cape Cod.
Quivett Creek	Data point collected from a wetland along Quivett Creek in Dennis, MA on Cape Cod.
State Game Farm	Data point collected from a wetland in the State Game Farm property along Scorton Creek in Sandwich, MA on Cape Cod.
Stony Brook	Data point collected from a wetland along Stony Brook Creek in Brewster, MA on Cape Cod.

treatment

A text identifier indicating the restoration status of the location within the wetland site from which the data point was collected. (Source: Producer-defined)

Value	Definition
Natural Salt Marsh	Data point collected from the portion of the wetland that was not affected by a tidal restriction.
Restored Salt Marsh	Data point collected from the portion of the wetland upstream from a tidal restriction expansion.

latitude

Latitude decimal degrees north, NAD83 (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	41.7161893
Maximum:	41.7546235
Units:	decimal degrees

longitude

Longitude decimal degrees west, NAD83. The negative value indicates a location in the western hemisphere. (Source: Producer defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	-70.4274572
Maximum:	-70.1141788
Units:	decimal degrees

date_time

A text string identifier for the date and time the data point was logged in the format yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss (UTC). (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	2016-03-18 18:15:00
Maximum:	2017-11-14 16:05:54
Units:	yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss (UTC)

temp_well

A numeric data value of logged well water temperature. (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	2.83
Maximum:	24.57
Units:	degrees Celsius

The value "NaN" is defined as a textual representation of an erroneous measurement that was excluded from the dataset.

sal_well

A numeric data value of logged well water salinity. (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	7.98
Maximum:	43.82
Units:	practical salinity units (PSU)

The value "NaN" is defined as a textual representation of an erroneous measurement that was excluded from the dataset.

press_abs

A numeric data value of absolute pressure logged by non-vented pressure loggers. Data reported for non-vented pressure loggers manufactured by In-Situ do not include absolute pressure because the data generated by the manufacturer's barometric pressure compensation software only reports the corrected pressure and atmospheric pressure. However, end-users may calculate absolute pressure by adding the corrected pressure and atmospheric pressure. Vented pressure loggers do not measure absolute pressure. (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	14.787
Maximum:	16.272
Units:	pounds per square inch (PSI)

The value "NaN" is defined as a textual representation of either an erroneous measurement that was excluded from the dataset or a placeholder for water level sensors that did not report absolute pressure. Data reported for non-vented pressure loggers manufactured by In-Situ do not include absolute pressure because the data generated by the manufacturer's barometric pressure compensation software only reports the corrected pressure and atmospheric pressure. However, end-users may calculate absolute pressure by adding the corrected pressure and atmospheric pressure. Vented pressure loggers do not measure absolute pressure.

press_atm

A numeric data value of atmospheric pressure logged by the barometer. Atmospheric pressure is not reported (value = NaN) for vented pressure loggers because this type of pressure logger is barometrically compensated as deployed; it does not require post deployment correction for barometric pressure from an additional barometer. (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	14.288
Maximum:	15.077
Units:	pounds per square inch (PSI)

The value "NaN" is defined as a textual representation of either an erroneous measurement that was excluded from the dataset or a placeholder for water level sensors that were vented to the atmosphere and did not report barometric pressure. Atmospheric pressure is not reported (value = NaN) for vented pressure loggers because this type of pressure logger is barometrically compensated as deployed; it does not require post deployment correction for barometric pressure from an additional barometer.

press_corr

A numeric data value of corrected pressure. For non-vented pressure loggers corrected pressure is calculated (in the manufacturers' software) as the difference between the absolute pressure (press_abs) logged by the water level sensor and the atmospheric pressure (press_atm) logged by the barometer. Vented pressure sensors log only corrected pressure. (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	0.031
Maximum:	2.01
Units:	meters

The value "NaN" is defined as a textual representation of either an erroneous measurement that was excluded from the dataset or a placeholder for water level sensors that did not report corrected pressure. Data reported for non-vented pressure loggers manufactured by Onset do not include corrected pressure because the data generated by the manufacturer's barometric pressure compensation software only reports the absolute pressure and atmospheric pressure. However, end-users may calculate corrected pressure by subtracting the atmospheric pressure from the absolute pressure.

dbs

A numeric data value of water depth below land surface ("dbs") calculated from field measured sensor deployment depth and pressure logged by the water level sensor. Data reported were collected from wells installed in tidal wetlands; the land surface upon which the well was installed was periodically inundated with surface water. "Positive" dbs were periods of land surface inundation by surface water (water over the land surface); "negative" dbs were periods when the land surface was not inundated with surface water and water level was below the land surface. (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	-0.33
Maximum:	1.00
Units:	meters

The value "NaN" is defined as a textual representation of an erroneous measurement that was excluded from the dataset; data may have been excluded if water levels dropped below the sensor deployment depth.

WL_NAVD88

A numeric data value of water elevation calculated from field measured land surface elevation, sensor deployment depth, and pressure logged by the water level sensor. Calculations for this attribute are described in the process steps. (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	1.04
Maximum:	2.31
Units:	meters

sensor_WL

A text identifier for the manufacturer make and model information of the water level sensor used to collect the given data point. (Source: Manufacturer-defined)

Value	Definition
In-Situ Aqua TROLL 200, 300 psig	The value "In-Situ Aqua TROLL 200, 300 psig" is defined as a data point collected using a water level logger manufactured by In-Situ, model type Aqua TROLL 200 (300 psi maximum pressure;"g" indicates a gauged sensor that is vented to the atmosphere).
In-Situ Aqua TROLL 200, 30 psia	The value "In-Situ Aqua TROLL 200, 30 psia" is defined as a data point collected using a water level logger manufactured by In-Situ, model type Aqua TROLL 200 (30 psi maximum pressure; "a" indicates an absolute pressure sensor that is not vented to the atmosphere).
In-Situ Aqua TROLL 200, 15 psig	The value "In-Situ Aqua TROLL 200, 15 psig" is defined as a data point collected using a water level logger manufactured by In-Situ, model type Aqua TROLL 200 (15 psi maximum pressure; "g" indicates a gauged sensor that is vented to the atmosphere).
Onset HOBO U20-001-01	The value "Onset HOBO U20-001-01" is defined as a data point collected using a water level logger manufactured by Onset, model type HOBO U20 (30 psi maximum pressure; absolute, non-vented pressure sensor).

WL_sn

WL_sn (Water Level_Serial Number) is a numeric identifier used to uniquely tag each water level sensor. (Source: Manufacturer-defined) The serial number of each water level logger is a numeric identifier, created by the manufacturer, to uniquely tag each piece of equipment.

sensor_baro

A text identifier for the manufacturer make and model information of the barometer used to atmospherically correct absolute pressure data collected by non-vented water level sensors. (Source: Manufacturer-defined)

Value	Definition
Onset HOBO U20-001-01	The value "Onset HOBO U20-001-01" is defined as an atmospheric pressure (press_atm) data point collected using a water level logger manufactured by Onset, model type HOBO U20 (30 psi maximum pressure; absolute, non-vented pressure sensor).
Vented Water Level Logger	The value "Vented Water Level Logger" is defined as a data point collected from a water level sensor that was vented to the atmosphere and did not require a barometric pressure compensation to calculate water level.
In-Situ BaroTROLL 500	The value "In-Situ BaroTROLL 500" is defined as an atmospheric pressure (press_atm) data point collected using a barometer manufactured by In-Situ, model type Baro TROLL 500.

baro_sn

baro_sn (Barometer_Serial Number) is a numeric identifier used to uniquely tag each barometer. (Source: Manufacturer-defined) The serial number of each barometer is a numeric identifier, created by the manufacturer, to uniquely tag each piece of equipment.

CREEK_WL_2016_2017

Continuous monitoring of water level in tidal salt marsh creek locations on Cape Cod, MA. Raw pressure data, used to calculate water level, is reported as either absolute pressure or atmospherically corrected pressure (as exported from manufacturers' software). The dataset also includes latitude and longitude of sensor placement. The dataset contains 106,404 records. (Source: Producer-defined)

site_name

A text identifier for the general location of the study site. (Source: Producer-defined)

Value	Definition
Bass Creek	Data point collected from Bass Creek, a tidal salt marsh creek in Yarmouth, MA on Cape Cod.
Quivett Creek	Data point collected from Quivett Creek, a tidal salt marsh creek in Dennis, MA on Cape Cod.
State Game Farm	Data point collected from Scorton Creek, a tidal salt marsh creek on the State Game Farm in Sandwich, MA on Cape Cod.
Stony Brook	Data point collected from Stony Brook Creek, a tidal salt marsh creek in Brewster, MA on Cape Cod.

treatment

A text identifier indicating the restoration status of the location within the wetland site from which the data point was collected. (Source: Producer-defined)

Value	Definition
Salt Marsh Creek	The value "Salt Marsh Creek" in the "treatment" attribute is defined as a data point collected from within a salt marsh tidal creek.

latitude

Latitude decimal degrees north, NAD83 (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	41.7160750
Maximum:	41.7522521
Units:	decimal degrees

longitude

Longitude decimal degrees west, NAD83. The negative value indicates a location in the western hemisphere. (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	-70.4271206
Maximum:	-70.1132858
Units:	decimal degrees

date_time

A text string identifier for the date and time the data point was logged in the format yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss (UTC). (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	2016-04-11 14:15:00
Maximum:	2017-11-14 10:15:00
Units:	yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss (UTC)

temp_creek

A numeric data value of logged creek water temperature. (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	-1.91
Maximum:	34.59
Units:	degrees Celsius

The value "NaN" is defined as a textual representation of an erroneous measurement that was excluded from the data set.

press_abs

Range of values
Minimum:	14.445
Maximum:	17.785
Units:	pounds per square inch (PSI)

press_atm

Range of values
Minimum:	14.285
Maximum:	15.078
Units:	pounds per square inch (PSI)

The value "NaN" is defined as a textual representation of either an erroneous measurement that was excluded from the data set or a placeholder for water level sensors that were vented to the atmosphere and did not report barometric pressure. Atmospheric pressure is not reported (value = NaN) for vented pressure loggers because this type of pressure logger is barometrically compensated as deployed; it does not require post deployment correction for barometric pressure from an additional barometer.

press_corr

Range of values
Minimum:	0.090
Maximum:	3.266
Units:	pounds per square inch (PSI)

The value "NaN" is defined as a textual representation of either an erroneous measurement that was excluded from the dataset or a placeholder for water level sensors that did not report corrected pressure. Data reported for non-vented pressure loggers manufactured by Onset do not include corrected pressure because the data generated by the manufacturer's barometric pressure compensation software only reports the absolute pressure and atmospheric pressure. However, end-users may calculate corrected pressure by subtracting the atmospheric pressure from the absolute pressure.

WL_NAVD88

Range of values
Minimum:	-0.11
Maximum:	2.37
Units:	meters

sensor_WL

A text identifier for the manufacturer make and model information of the water level sensor used to collect the given data point. (Source: Manufacturer-defined)

Value	Definition
In-Situ Rugged TROLL 100	The value "In-Situ Rugged TROLL 100" is defined as a data point collected using a water level logger manufactured by In-Situ, model type Rugged TROLL 100 (30 meters maximum depth rating; absolute/non-vented pressure sensor).
Onset HOBO U20-001-01	The value "Onset HOBO U20-001-01" is defined as a data point collected using a water level logger manufactured by Onset, model type HOBO U20 (30 psi maximum pressure; absolute/non-vented pressure sensor).
Onset HOBO U20-001-02	The value "Onset HOBO U20-001-02" is defined as a data point collected using a water level logger manufactured by Onset, model type HOBO U20 (58 psi maximum pressure; absolute/non-vented pressure sensor).

WL_sn

sensor_baro

Value	Definition
Onset HOBO U20-001-01	The value "Onset HOBO U20-001-01" is defined as an atmospheric pressure (press_atm) data point collected using a water level logger deployed in air, manufactured by Onset, model type HOBO U20 (30 psi maximum pressure; absolute/non-vented pressure sensor).
In-Situ BaroTROLL 500	The value "In-Situ BaroTROLL 500" is defined as an atmospheric pressure (press_atm) data point collected using a barometer manufactured by In-Situ, model type Baro TROLL 500.

baro_sn

TEMP_2016_2017

Continuous monitoring of soil and air temperature for wetland locations on Cape Cod. The dataset also includes latitude and longitude of sensor placement. The dataset contains 205,395 records. (Source: Producer-defined)

site_name

A text identifier for the general location of the study site. (Source: Producer-defined)

Value	Definition
Bass Creek	Data point collected from a wetland along Bass Creek in Yarmouth, MA on Cape Cod.
Quivett Creek	Data point collected from a wetland along Quivett Creek in Dennis, MA on Cape Cod.
State Game Farm	Data point collected from a wetland in the State Game Farm property along Scorton Creek in Sandwich, MA on Cape Cod.
Stony Brook	Data point collected from a wetland along Stony Brook Creek in Brewster, MA on Cape Cod.

treatment

A text identifier indicating the restoration status of the location within the wetland site from which the data point was collected. (Source: Producer-defined)

Value	Definition
Natural Salt Marsh	The value "Natural Salt Marsh" in the "treatment" attribute is defined as a data point collected from the portion of the wetland that was not affected by a tidal restriction.
Restored Salt Marsh	The value "Restored Salt Marsh" in the "treatment" attribute is defined as a data point collected from the portion of the wetland upstream from a tidal restriction expansion.

latitude

Latitude decimal degrees north, NAD83 (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	41.7161893
Maximum:	41.7546235
Units:	decimal degrees

longitude

Longitude decimal degrees west, NAD83. The negative value indicates a location in the western hemisphere. (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	-70.4274572
Maximum:	-70.1141788
Units:	decimal degrees

date_time

A text string identifier for the date and time the data point was logged in the format yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss (UTC). (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	2016-04-11 14:30:00
Maximum:	2017-11-14 18:15:00
Units:	yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss (UTC)

temp_air

A numeric data value of logged air temperature. (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	-14.24
Maximum:	41.33
Units:	degrees Celsius

The value "NaN" is defined as a textual representation of an erroneous measurement that was excluded from the data set.

temp_soil

A numeric data value of logged soil temperature; sensor installed 10 cm below land surface. (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	0.00
Maximum:	28.49
Units:	degrees Celsius

The value "NaN" is defined as a textual representation of an erroneous measurement that was excluded from the data set.

sensor

A text identifier for the manufacturer make and model information of the temperature sensor logger used to collect the given data point. (Source: Manufacturer-defined)

Value	Definition
Onset HOBO Pro v2	The value "Onset HOBO Pro v2" is defined as a data point collected using a dual channel temperature sensor logger manufactured by Onset, model type HOBO Pro v2.

sensor_sn

Temperature Sensor Serial Number (sensor_sn) is a numeric identifier used to uniquely tag each temperature sensor logger. (Source: Manufacturer-defined) The serial number of each temperature sensor logger is a numeric identifier, created by the manufacturer, to uniquely tag each piece of equipment.

PAR_2016_2017

Continuous monitoring of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in wetland locations on Cape Cod. The dataset also includes latitude and longitude of sensor placement. The dataset contains 65,119 records. (Source: Producer-defined)

site_name

A text identifier for the general location of the study site. (Source: Producer-defined)

Value	Definition
State Game Farm	Data point collected from a wetland in the State Game Farm property along Scorton Creek in Sandwich, MA on Cape Cod.
Stony Brook	Data point collected from a wetland along Stony Brook Creek in Brewster, MA on Cape Cod.

treatment

A text identifier indicating type of study site for which the PAR data point was collected. (Source: Producer-defined)

Value	Definition
Salt Marsh	The value "Salt Marsh" in the "treatment" attribute is defined as a data point collected in salt marsh ecosystem.

latitude

Latitude decimal degrees north, NAD83 (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	41.7306344
Maximum:	41.7525331
Units:	decimal degrees

longitude

Longitude decimal degrees west, NAD83. The negative value indicates a location in the western hemisphere. (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	-70.4292150
Maximum:	-70.1141784
Units:	decimal degrees

date_time

A text string identifier for the date and time the data point was logged in the format yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss (UTC). (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	2016-04-11 16:45:01
Maximum:	2017-11-14 18:30:01
Units:	yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss (UTC)

par

A numeric data value of logged photosynthetically active radiation; PAR logger was deployed above the height of vegetative growth near to the sensor. This sensor measures light intensity over wavelengths from 400 to 700 nanometers. Although data is logged over the entire day, it must be noted that values in darkness are logged as 1.2 micromoles per meter squared per second; accuracy of the PAR sensor +/- 5 micromoles per meter squared per second and resolution of the PAR sensor is 2.5 micormoles per meter squared per second. (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	1.2
Maximum:	2553.7
Units:	micromol per meter squared per second

sensor

A text identifier indicating the manufacturer and model of the instrument used to collect the reported data point. (Source: Producer-defined)

Value	Definition
Onset Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) Smart Sensor	The value "Onset Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) Smart Sensor" in the "sensor" attribute is defined as a data point collected from a sensor manufactured by Onset the sensor model name is PAR.

sensor_sn

A numeric identifier for the serial number of the sensor from which the data point was collected. (Source: Manufacturer-defined) The serial number of each PAR sensor is a numeric identifier, created by the manufacturer, to uniquely tag each piece of equipment.

logger

A text identifier indicating the manufacturer and model of the instrument used to log the reported data point from the sensor. (Source: Manufacturer-defined)

Value	Definition
Onset HOBO Micro station	The value "Onset HOBO micro station" in the "logger" attribute is defined as the instrument used to store a data point manufactured by Onset, the sensor model name is Micro station.

logger_sn

A numeric identifier for the serial number of the logger to which the data point was saved while the sensor was deployed in the field. (Source: Manufacturer-defined) The serial number of each logger is a numeric identifier, created by the manufacturer, to uniquely tag each piece of equipment.

CREEK_sal_2016_2017

Continuous monitoring of salinity in tidal salt marsh creek locations on Cape Cod. The dataset also includes latitude and longitude of sensor placement. The dataset contains 31,410 records. (Source: Producer-defined)

site_name

A text identifier for the general location of the study site. (Source: Producer-defined)

Value	Definition
Bass Creek	Data point collected from Bass Creek, a salt marsh tidal creek in Yarmouth, MA on Cape Cod.
Quivett Creek	Data point collected from Quivett Creek, a salt marsh tidal creek in Dennis, MA on Cape Cod.
Stony Brook	Data point collected from Stony Brook Creek, a salt marsh tidal creek in Brewster, MA on Cape Cod.

treatment

A text identifier indicating location within the study site from which the data point was collected. (Source: Producer-defined)

Value	Definition
Salt Marsh Creek	The value "Salt Marsh" in the "treatment" attribute is defined as a data point collected in salt marsh ecosystem.

latitude

Latitude decimal degrees north, NAD83 (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	41.7160750
Maximum:	41.7522521
Units:	decimal degrees

longitude

Longitude decimal degrees west, NAD83. The negative value indicates a location in the western hemisphere. (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	-70.2367962
Maximum:	-70.1132858
Units:	decimal degrees

date_time

A text string identifier for the date and time the data point was logged in the format yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss (UTC). (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	2016-07-15 17:30:00
Maximum:	2017-11-14 19:30:08
Units:	yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss (UTC)

temp_creek

A numeric data value of logged creek water temperature. (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	-1.95
Maximum:	31.22
Units:	degrees Celsius

The value "NaN" is defined as a textual representation of an erroneous measurement that was excluded from the dataset.

sal_creek

A numeric data value of logged creek water salinity. (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	0.06
Maximum:	33.21
Units:	practical salinity units (PSU)

The value "NaN" is defined as a textual representation of an erroneous measurement that was excluded from the dataset.

sensor_sal

A text identifier indicating the manufacturer and model of the instrument used to collect the reported data point. (Source: Manufacturer-defined.)

Value	Definition
In-Situ Aqua TROLL 200, 30 psia	The value "In-Situ Aqua TROLL 200, 30 psia" is defined as a data point collected using a water level logger manufactured by In-Situ, model type Aqua TROLL 200 (30 psi maximum pressure, absolute/non-vented pressure logger).
YSI 600XLM	The value "YSI 600XLM" is defined as a data point collected using a multi-parameter sonde manufactured by YSI, model type 600XLM.

sal_sn

The attribute "sal_sn" (salinity_serial number) is defined as a numeric identifier used to uniquely tag each sensor used to measure salinity. (Source: Manufacturer-defined) The serial number of each sensor is a numeric identifier, created by the manufacturer, to uniquely tag each piece of equipment.

LoggerDeploymentHeightSummary_2016_2017

Summary of deployment length and height measurements of water level loggers placed in wells and creeks; measurements used in final calculation of water elevation and water depth below land surface. There are 41 records in the table. (Source: Producer-defined)

site_name

A text identifier for the general location of the study site. (Source: Producer-defined)

Value	Definition
Bass Creek	Data point collected from a wetland along Bass Creek in Yarmouth, MA on Cape Cod.
Quivett Creek	Data point collected from a wetland along Quivett Creek in Dennis, MA on Cape Cod.
State Game Farm	Data point collected from a wetland in the State Game Farm property along Scorton Creek in Sandwich, MA on Cape Cod.
Stony Brook	Data point collected from a wetland along Stony Brook Creek in Brewster, MA on Cape Cod.

treatment

A text identifier indicating the restoration status of the location within the wetland site from which the data point was collected. (Source: Producer-defined)

Value	Definition
Natural Salt Marsh	The value "Natural Salt Marsh" in the "treatment" attribute is defined as a data point collected from the portion of the wetland that was not affected by a tidal restriction.
Restored Salt Marsh	The value "Restored Salt Marsh" in the "treatment" attribute is defined as a data point collected from the portion of the wetland upstream from a tidal restriction expansion.
Salt Marsh Creek	The value "Salt Marsh Creek" in the "treatment" attribute is defined as a data point collected from within a salt marsh tidal creek.

deployment_type

A text identifier indicating the type of installation used to deploy a water level logger. (Source: Producer-defined)

Value	Definition
well	The value "well" in the "deployment_type" attribute is defined as a water level logger that was deployed in a well installed on the surface of the salt marsh.
post	The value "post" in the "deployment_type" attribute is defined as a water level logger that was deployed on a post that was installed in the bottom of the creek bed.

start_date

A text string identifier for the date the deployment started (in the format yyyy-mm-dd). (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	2016-03-18
Maximum:	2017-09-11
Units:	date format yyyy-mm-dd

end_date

A text string identifier for the date the deployment ended (in the format yyyy-mm-dd). (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	2016-03-25
Maximum:	2017-11-14
Units:	date format yyyy-mm-dd

latitude

Latitude decimal degrees north, NAD83. (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	41.7160750
Maximum:	41.7546235
Units:	decimal degrees

longitude

Longitude decimal degrees west, NAD83. The negative value indicates a location in the western hemisphere. (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	-70.4274572
Maximum:	-70.1132858
Units:	decimal degrees

land_surface_elevation

A manual measurement of the land surface elevation (NAVD88) at a particular location (coordinates also measured and reported, measurement made using the RTK). (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	-0.2412
Maximum:	1.6345
Units:	meters

height_above_land_surface

A manual measurement (using a measuring stick) of the height above land surface of either the well or the creek post used for water level logger deployment. (Source: Producer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	0.445
Maximum:	1.410
Units:	meters

deployment_length

A manual measurement in meters (using a measuring stick) of the length of the well logger deployment cable (cable plus sensor) or the distance between the top of the creek deployment post and the top of the attached water level logger. (Source: Manufacturer-defined)

Range of values
Minimum:	0.150
Maximum:	1.840
Units:	meters

WL_sn

The attribute "WL_sn" a numeric identifier of the serial number of the water level logger; it is created by the manufacturer to uniquely tag each water level sensor. (Source: Manufacturer-defined) The serial number of each water level logger is a numeric identifier, created by the manufacturer, to uniquely tag each piece of equipment.

Who produced the data set?

Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
- Jennifer A. O'Keefe Suttles
- Sandra M. Brosnahan
- Meagan E. Gonneea
- Kevin D. Kroeger
Who also contributed to the data set?
To whom should users address questions about the data?

Jennifer A. O'Keefe Suttles

Northeast Region: WOODS HOLE COASTAL & MARINE SCIENCE CENTER

Chemist

384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA

United States

508-548-8700 x2385 (voice)

jokeefesuttles@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

Data were collected to 1) validate model predictions of carbon cycling (greenhouse gas emissions, uptake, and carbon storage) in natural and restored salt marshes and 2) provide background data to be used in evaluating potential differences in land surface elevation between sites. Environmental parameters influencing plant productivity, such as those represented by these data, are key components of salt marsh carbon cycling, carbon storage, and its ability to maintain elevation.

How was the data set created?

From what previous works were the data drawn?
How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

Date: 2017 (process 1 of 10)
In 2016 and 2017, PVC wells were installed at each site by pushing the well section into the sediment by hand or lightly tapping the top of the well with a mallet. The tip of the slotted screened well section was pushed about 30 cm below the land surface; the threaded portion (connecting the slotted length with the solid length) was below the sediment surface. At least 1 meter of well casing remained above the sediment surface to ensure that the groundwater well was not over-topped with surface water during the high tide. A vent hole was drilled near the top of the solid well casing. Wells at these locations were destroyed by ice over the winter (between 2016 and 2017). The Stony Brook wells were reinstalled in 2017 using the protocol previously described. Exact well heights and sensor deployment lengths are summarized in a separate entity and attribute section. The process date represents the latest process date.
Date: 2017 (process 2 of 10)
Additional sensors were co-deployed at the same sites as the groundwater level sensors including: dual channel (soil and air) temperature loggers, a barometer, and a photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) sensor. Soil temperature sensors were attached to a wooden stick and pushed by hand so that the bottom of the temperature sensor was 10 cm below the land surface. The air temperature sensor was attached the the groundwater well. The barometer was deployed in air near to the well location on a nearby tree limb or on a post with the PAR sensor. The PAR sensor was deployed above the height of the nearest vegetation in a location that would not be shaded by vegetation or other structures. Deployments took place during 2016 and 2017, with the process date representing the latest process date.
Date: 2017 (process 3 of 10)
Water level loggers were deployed in creeks near to the tidal restriction restoration by attaching the logger to a post driven into the creek bottom. Manual measurements of logger deployment heights were used in conjunction with RTK elevation measurements of the creek bottom to convert logged sensor depth to water elevation (further details given in process steps following). Deployments took place during 2016 and 2017, with the process date representing the latest process date.
Date: 14-Nov-2017 (process 4 of 10)
Data loggers were deployed in April 2016 and periodically downloaded in the field using instrument manufacturers' software (HOBOPro, WinSitu, EcoView); data were inspected for general accuracy. Creek sensor deployment heights were measured before removing the sensor for maintenance and after re-deploying the sensor to account for sensor movement and/or infilling or scouring around the creek post. Dates of site visits are listed below, with the process date representing the latest process date. Bass Creek: 4/21/2016; 5/19/2016; 6/30/2016; 8/30/2016; 11/9/2016; 12/21/2016 Quivett Creek: 4/1/2016; 5/19/2016; 6/29/2016; 8/30/2016; 10/28/2016; 12/21/2016 State Game Farm: 4/8/2016; 5/19/2016; 6/27/2016; 9/7/2016; 11/9/2016; 12/22/2016 Stony Brook: 4/8/2016; 5/16/2016; 6/29/2016; 8/30/2016; 10/28/2016; 12/20/2016; 04/24/2017; 05/03/2017; 05/18/2017; 06/14/2017; 07/11/2017; 08/16/2017; 09/11/2017 11/14/2017
Date: 2019 (process 5 of 10)
Pressure data from non-vented water level sensors were barometrically corrected in manufacturers’ software (HOBOPro or WinSitu BaroMerge); corrected pressure was converted to sensor depth assuming a brackish water density (HOBOPro: 1.010 grams per cubic centimeter; WinSitu: 1.012 grams per cubic centimeter). Barometric pressure and density corrections were processed throughout the deployment period and checked while finalizing the data report; the process date represents the latest date of data processing.
Date: 2019 (process 6 of 10)
Data from all continuous monitoring sensors were exported from manufacturers' software as a .csv file and compiled using MATLAB. Corrections for sensor drift, and water elevation calculations were performed in MATLAB as described in the following process steps. Data resulting from erroneous measurements (malfunctioning sensors or insufficient water within a well) were excluded from the final dataset. Data were processed throughout the deployment period and checked while finalizing the data report; the process date represents the latest date of data processing.
Date: 2019 (process 7 of 10)
Salinity sensors were periodically cleaned and checked for fouling and calibration drift in the field. Fouling was determined as the difference between a sensor reading in solution prior to cleaning and after cleaning. Calibration drift was determined as the difference between the prepared value of a calibration solution and cleaned sensor reading in calibration solution. If the absolute value of the sum of the fouling and drift are beyond the manufacturer's accuracy specification, then a correction factor (calculated from these fouling and drift assessments) would be applied to the data (Wagner and others 2006). A correction factor was only necessary for Stony Brook well salinity data between April 05, 2017 and September 11, 2017. A correction factor data (-15.74% for Stony Brook Natural; -4.068% for Stony Brook Restored) was applied linearly to well salinity data over this time period. Field checks and data processing occurred throughout the deployment period and checked while finalizing the data report; the process date represents the latest date of data processing.
Citation used: Wagner, R.J., Boulger, R.W., Jr., Oblinger, C.J., and Smith, B.A., 2006, Guidelines and standard procedures for continuous water-quality monitors—Station operation, record computation, and data reporting: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 1-D3, 51 p.
Date: 2019 (process 8 of 10)
Creek water level (WL_NAVD88) was calculated in MATLAB using the following measured parameters (all measurements are in meters): a: depth of sensor as calculated in manufacturer's software b: land surface elevation (NAVD88) at deployment location; measured by RTK c: deployment post height above land surface; measured periodically in the field using a meter stick d: measured distance from the top of the deployment post to the deployed sensor; measured periodically in the field using a meter stick e: length of deployed sensor
Creek water elevation is calculated as: WL_NAVD88 = a +(b+c)-d-e
Field measured deployment heights for specific time periods are summarized in a txt file (tab-delimited, filename: Logger_DeploymentHeightSummary_2016_2017) included with this data release. Calculations were processed throughout the deployment period; the process date represents the latest date of data processing.
Date: 2019 (process 9 of 10)
Well water elevation (WL_NAVD88) and depth below land surface (dbs) were calculated in MATLAB using the following parameters (units for all measurements are in meters): a: depth of sensor as calculated in manufacturer's software b: land surface elevation (NAVD88) at deployment location; measured by RTK c: deployment well height above land surface; measured periodically in the field using a meter stick d: total length of the deployment cable and water level sensor; measured in the field using a meter stick
Well water elevation is calculated as: WL_NAVD88 = a +b+c-d
Well water depth below land surface is calculated as: dbs = a+c-d
Field measured deployment heights for specific time periods are summarized in a txt file (tab-delimited, filename: Logger_DeploymentHeightSummary_2016_2017) included with this data release. Calculations were processed throughout the deployment period; the process date represents the latest date of data processing.
Date: 06-Aug-2020 (process 10 of 10)
Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:

U.S. Geological Survey

Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross

Marine Geologist

384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA

508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)

508-457-2310 (FAX)

vatnipp@usgs.gov
What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

How well have the observations been checked?
No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted for the PAR sensors. All other continuous monitoring sensors were bench tested for accuracy in the laboratory at the beginning and end of the field season; salinity sensors were also field checked periodically. At the beginning of the field season, data from temperature sensors logging in air were compared to a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Traceable Digital Thermometer (Fisher brand) co-deployed on the bench. Logged temperature readings that were within manufacturer’s accuracy specification of temperature measured by the NIST Traceable Thermometer were deemed acceptable. Note that draft shields were not consistently used for air temperature sensors; use of draft shields could have protected the air temperature sensor from unknown influences such as direct exposure to sunlight and wind gusts. Water level sensors were tested in the laboratory for accuracy by comparing logged readings in air to the barometers used for barometric compensation; logged pressure readings that were within manufacturer’s accuracy specification of the barometer’s logged pressure in air were deemed acceptable. Salinity sensors were checked with a purchased calibration standard (Ricca 50.000 millisiemens per centimeter, catalog number 2248-1) and re-calibrated as needed. These procedures were repeated at the end of the field season. If sensor accuracy was found to have drifted over the field season, data corrections would be applied as described in the Process Steps portion of this metadata record.
How accurate are the geographic locations?
Horizontal positions were determined with a Trimble Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS with Positional Dilution of Precision (PDOP) and Horizontal Dilution of Precision (HDOP) values less than 1.000. Horizontal accuracy is estimated to be +/- 5 centimeters. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted.
How accurate are the heights or depths?
Water level loggers were deployed in tidal salt marsh creeks and in wells on the salt marsh surface; sensor depth data from these instruments were converted to water elevation relative to NAVD88 using land surface elevations measured by Trimble Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS in December 2016. Details on this calculation are described in the process steps. Vertical Dilution of Precision (VDOP) for RTK GPS measurements were less than 1.000; vertical accuracy of this method is +/- 5 cm. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted.
Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
Gaps in the continuous data record for a given parameter may have been the result of one of several sources: sensor not deployed during that time period, vandalism of an instrument, removal of an instrument for maintenance, corrupt data file due to malfunctioning instrument, or wells with insufficient water level to produce reliable data.
How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
Each logged parameter set was queried for maximum and minimum values to be sure logged data fell within expected ranges for the environmental conditions. Data were plotted to look for any obvious instrument errors (data jumps or gaps or noisy data). Erroneous data in the logged data files may be the result of one of several sources: vandalism of an instrument, removal of an instrument for maintenance, corrupt data file due to malfunctioning instrument, or wells with insufficient water level to produce reliable data. These data were removed from the final data report.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints: none

Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)

U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
Denver, CO

1-888-275-8747 (voice)

sciencebase@usgs.gov
What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? The data release contains six individual datasets (CREEK_sal_2016_2017.txt, CREEK_WL_2016_2017.txt, LoggerDeploymentHeightSummary_2016_2017.txt, PAR_2016_2017.txt, TEMP_2016_2017.txt, WELLS_2016_2017.txt), a browse graphic (BassCreek_Restoration.jpg), and CSDGM metadata in XML format (CCmarsh_sensors_2016_2017_meta.xml).
What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

How can I download or order the data?

Availability in digital form:

Data format:	The individual datasets are in TEXT format, all but the LoggerDeploymentHeightSummary_2016_2017.txt file are comma-separated values, with the logger deployment file being tab-delimited. in format TEXT
Network links:	https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5da76672e4b09fd3b0c9c134 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5da76672e4b09fd3b0c9c134 https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YLXOY8

Cost to order the data: None.

What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
The zip file resulting from the first network resource link contains data in TEXT format (5 files are comma-delimited, 1 is tab-delimited). The user must have software capable of uncompressing the zip file and reading the data formats.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:: Last modified: 06-Aug-2020
Metadata author:: Jennifer A. O'Keefe Suttles

Northeast Region: WOODS HOLE COASTAL & MARINE SCIENCE CENTER

Chemist

384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA

United States

508-548-8700 x2385 (voice)

jokeefesuttles@usgs.gov
Metadata standard:: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)

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