Water content and grain density analyses of sediment cores from the New England Mud Patch collected on USGS Field Activity 2016-001-FA

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What does this data set describe?

Title:
Water content and grain density analyses of sediment cores from the New England Mud Patch collected on USGS Field Activity 2016-001-FA
Abstract:
Variability in sediment properties with depth and the thickness of individual sedimentary layers are critical determinants of seabed acoustic response. The New England Mud Patch (NEMP), located south of Cape Cod, is an unusual feature on the U.S. Continental Shelf in that it is composed of fine-grained sediment layers containing a relatively-homogeneous mix of sand, silt, and clay-sized particles bounded by more typical sandy shelf sediments. The unique characteristics and nature of this deposit is due to a derivation of sediments that have been transported to, and deposited in, a basal bowl-shaped depression since the last glacial maximum. Ninety-two piston, vibra-, and gravity cores with a maximum length of 8.2 meters were collected from across the New England Mud Patch during a 2-leg, 10-day cruise aboard the R/V Endeavor in the spring of 2016. Geologic characterization and analysis of a subset of the cores including grain size, CaCO3, mineral composition, and bulk index properties (undrained shear strength, water content, density, and porosity) of discrete samples was carried out at the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center's (WHCMSC) Sediment Analysis Laboratory. This data release contains the results of these analyses, along with visual core descriptions and summary sheets for each core analyzed for this study.
Supplemental_Information:
Cores were collected on the 2016 R/V Endeavor cruise EN577 from April 19, 2016 to May 2, 2016. Information about this expedition, also known as USGS Field Activity 2016-001-FA, is available at https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2016-001-FA
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Boggess, A.A., Buczkowski, B.J., and Chaytor, J.D., 20210819, Water content and grain density analyses of sediment cores from the New England Mud Patch collected on USGS Field Activity 2016-001-FA: data release DOI:10.5066/P9ZYK3PX, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Boggess, A.A., Buczkowski, B.J., and Chaytor, J.D., 2021, Sedimentological and geotechnical analyses of marine sediment cores from the New England Mud Patch: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    Suggested citation: Boggess, A.A., Buczkowski, B.J., and Chaytor, J.D., 2021, Sedimentological and geotechnical analyses of marine sediment cores from the New England Mud Patch: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZYK3PX.
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.7979
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.4370
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.5952
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.3058
  3. What does it look like?
    https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/60cb7a56d34e86b938a3a4a7/?name=MudPatchCores_BrowseGraphic.png (PNG)
    Browse image of the core collection locations and spatial extent of the study area
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 19-Apr-2016
    Ending_Date: 02-May-2016
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: spreadsheet
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.0197464427. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.0258271413. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_84.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.
      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Depth_System_Definition:
      Depth_Datum_Name: Local surface
      Depth_Resolution: 0.1
      Depth_Distance_Units: meters
      Depth_Encoding_Method: Attribute values
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    EN577_Density_PistonCores.csv
    Data spreadsheet of results of water content and grain density analyses for NEMP piston cores. Point dataset. 684 data records. (Source: Producer Defined)
    Sample ID
    Sample ID. Naming convention: 16001-CC-P-SSS-# (16001= Field Activity 2016-001-FA) (CC=Core ID number) (P=Sample from piston core) (SSS = Sample type: DEN= Sample was originally taken for grain density analysis; WC=Sample was originally taken for water content analysis; GM=Sample was originally taken for gamma counting) (# = Number of sample taken from core) (Source: Producer Defined) character string
    Cruise ID
    Cruise identification code assigned by vessel (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    EN577R/V Endeavor Cruise 577, April to May of 2016; also known by USGS field activity number 2016-001-FA
    Contact
    Contact for samples (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    JCHAYTORJason D. Chaytor
    Area
    General area where samples were taken (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    Mud PatchOffshore of Martha’s Vineyard, SE Massachusetts
    Core ID
    Core identification number assigned in field. Naming convention piston and trigger cores: EN577-XXPC (EN577=Cruise ID) (XX=Core number) (PC= Piston Core) (Source: Producer Defined) character string
    Latitude
    Latitude of core that grain-size data came from (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:39.852573
    Maximum:40.516666
    Units:decimal degrees
    Longitude
    Longitude of core that grain-size analysis came from (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-70.979775
    Maximum:-70.482964
    Units:decimal degrees
    Water Depth (m)
    Water depth at location where core was collected (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:69.3
    Maximum:860.0
    Units:meters below sea level
    Resolution:0.1
    Sample Depth Top (cm)
    Top of interval that was sampled for grain-size analysis (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:2
    Maximum:780
    Units:centimeters
    Sample Depth Bottom (cm)
    Bottom of interval that was sampled for grain-size analysis (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:3
    Maximum:781
    Units:centimeters
    Date Collected (MM/DD/YYYY)
    Date that core was collected in the field (Month/Day/Year) (Source: Producer Defined) character string
    Collection Device
    Device used to collect core (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    PISTON CORERPiston Corer
    Date of MAD Analysis (MM/DD/YYYY)
    Date that moisture and density analysis was marked as complete (Month/Day/Year) (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    <<empty cell>>This sample was not analyzed using the moisture and density (MAD) methods.
    Range of values
    Minimum:6/29/2016
    Maximum:9/19/2019
    Units:days
    Date of Pycnometer Analysis (MM/DD/YYYY)
    Date that pycnometer density analysis was marked as complete (Month/Day/Year) (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    <empty cell>This sample was not analyzed for density using a pycnometer.
    Range of values
    Minimum:8/21/2019
    Maximum:9/26/2019
    Units:days
    Analysis Type
    Which type of density/water content analysis was performed on the sample (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    Wet Bulk Density (MAD)Moisture and density analysis was performed on this sample.
    Water ContentWater content analysis was performed on this sample.
    MAD and PycnometerMoisture and density analysis and pycnometer density analysis were performed on this sample.
    PycnometerPycnometer density analysis was performed on this sample.
    Water Content and PycnometerWater content analysis and pycnometer density analysis were performed on this sample.
    Sample Volume (cm^3)
    Volume of sample analyzed. In MAD analysis, a fixed-volume sediment sample collected a 3.10809 cm^3 plug. Pycnometer analysis measures sample volume by gas displacement in a sealed chamber. (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    <empty cell>Sample was neither collected with a fixed-volume collection tool nor measured for volume with a pycnometer.
    Range of values
    Minimum:2.001
    Maximum:3.10809
    Units:cubic centimeters
    Resolution:0.0001
    Vessel Weight (g)
    Weight of aluminum dish or glass beaker used to hold sample (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    <<empty cell>>The density of this sample was only analyzed using the pycnometer method.
    Range of values
    Minimum:1.0193
    Maximum:52.2930
    Units:grams
    Gross Wet Weight (g)
    Combined weight of vessel and wet sediment sample (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    <<empty cell>>The density of this sample was only analyzed using the pycnometer method.
    Range of values
    Minimum:3.7141
    Maximum:73.0244
    Units:grams
    Sample Wet Weight (g)
    Initial weight of the sample before drying process; weight difference between gross wet weight and vessel weight. (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    <<empty cell>>The density of this sample was only analyzed using the pycnometer method.
    Range of values
    Minimum:2.6144
    Maximum:22.0688
    Units:grams
    Gross Dry Weight (g)
    Combined vessel and sample weight after 24 hours of oven drying at 100 degrees celsius (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    <<empty cell>>The density of this sample was only analyzed using the pycnometer method.
    Range of values
    Minimum:2.9743
    Maximum:70.932
    Units:grams
    Sample Dry Weight (g)
    Weight of the dry sample; weight difference between gross dry weight and vessel weight. (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    <<empty cell>>The density of this sample was only analyzed using the pycnometer method.
    Range of values
    Minimum:1.8746
    Maximum:19.9764
    Units:grams
    Sample Water Loss (g)
    Mass of water lost during drying process; weight difference between wet sample weight and dry sample weight. (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    <<empty cell>>The density of this sample was only analyzed using the pycnometer method.
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.2533
    Maximum:37.6360
    Units:grams
    Percent Water Loss
    Percent water loss as Weight of water loss as a percentage of sample wet weight (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    <<empty cell>>The density of this sample was only analyzed using the pycnometer method.
    Range of values
    Minimum:5.3631
    Maximum:48.1520
    Units:weight percent
    Wet Bulk Density (g/cm^3)
    Density of wet sample; calculated from sample wet weight divided by fixed wet sample volume (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    <<empty cell>>Moisture and Density (MAD) analysis was not performed on this sample.
    Range of values
    Minimum:1.3364
    Maximum:2.1102
    Units:grams per cubic centimeter
    Dry Bulk Density (g/cm^3)
    Density of dry sample; calculated from sample dry weight divided by the dry volume. Dry sample volume was calculated using the known density of water and the mass of water loss during the drying process. (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    <<empty cell>>Moisture and Density (MAD) analysis was not performed on this sample.
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.7501
    Maximum:1.7811
    Units:grams per cubic centimeter
    Volume of Pore Water (cm^3)
    Volume occupied by water, calculated from sample water loss divided by density of pore water (fixed at 1.026 g/cm^3). (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    <<empty cell>>Moisture and Density (MAD) analysis was not performed on this sample.
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.2558
    Maximum:3.8789
    Units:cubic centimeters
    Mass Salt (g)
    Mass of salt precipitated from evaporation of pore water. (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    <<empty cell>>Moisture and Density (MAD) analysis was not performed on this sample.
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.0092
    Maximum:0.1393
    Units:grams
    Volume Salt (cm^3)
    Volume of salt precipitated from evaporation of pore water (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    <<empty cell>>Moisture and Density (MAD) analysis was not performed on this sample.
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.0042
    Maximum:0.0633
    Units:cubic centimeters
    Volume Dry Sample (cm^3) (no salt)
    Volume of sample after drying process; calculated by subtracting volume of pore water and salt that was evaporated and precipitated, respectively, from the initial wet sample volume. (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    <<empty cell>>Moisture and Density (MAD) analysis was not performed on this sample.
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.7393
    Maximum:2.8481
    Units:cubic centimeters
    Volume Bulk (cm^3)
    Volume of all dry solids in sample, including salt. (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    <<empty cell>>Moisture and Density (MAD) analysis was not performed on this sample.
    Range of values
    Minimum:1.9850
    Maximum:5.8141
    Units:cubic centimeters
    Resolution:0.0001
    Porosity (with salt)
    Fraction of total initial sample volume occupied by pore water prior to drying process; a calculated proportion of volume of pore water to total volume of dry solids, including salt. (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    <<empty cell>>Moisture and Density (MAD) analysis was not performed on this sample.
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.0823
    Maximum:0.7368
    Units:(unitless)
    Porosity (without salt)
    Fraction of total initial sample volume occupied by pore water prior to drying process; a calculated proportion of volume of pore water to total volume of dry solids, not including salt. (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    <<empty cell>>Moisture and Density (MAD) analysis was not performed on this sample.
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.0824
    Maximum:0.7458
    Units:(unitless)
    Grain Density (g/cm3)
    Density of solid materials (sediment grains) in initial sample prior to drying process, not including the dissolved salt in pore water. (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    <<empty cell>>Moisture and Density (MAD) analysis was not performed on this sample.
    Range of values
    Minimum:1.5661
    Maximum:3.5075
    Units:grams per cubic centimeter
    Pycnometer Sample Weight (g)
    Weight of dry sample as measured by pycnometer (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    <<empty cell>>Pycnometer density analysis was not performed on sample
    Range of values
    Minimum:2.1038
    Maximum:8.5951
    Units:grams
    Pycnometer Volume (cm^3)
    Volume of dry sample as measured by pycnometer (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    <empty cell>Pycnometer density analysis was not performed on sample
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.8042
    Maximum:3.2673
    Units:cubic centimeters
    Resolution:0.0001
    Pycnometer Grain Density (g/cm^3)
    Grain density of dry sample measured by pycnometer (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    <empty cell>Pycnometer density analysis was not performed on sample
    Range of values
    Minimum:2.4679
    Maximum:2.8241
    Units:grams per cubic centimeter
    Resolution:0.0001
    Pycnometer Bulk Density (g/cm^3) (no salt)
    Bulk density of dry sample measured by pycnometer (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    <empty cell>Pycnometer density analysis was not performed on sample
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.8042
    Maximum:3.2673
    Units:grams per cubic centimeter
    Resolution:0.001
    Pycnometer Porosity (w/o salt)
    Porosity of dry sample measured by pycnometer, not including salt precipitated during drying process. (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    <empty cell>Pycnometer density analysis was not performed on sample
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.1390
    Maximum:0.7054
    Units:percent of 1
    Resolution:0.0001
    Pycnometer Grain Density (g/cm^3) (no salt)
    Grain density of dry sample measured by pycnometer (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    <empty cell>Pycnometer density analysis was not performed on sample
    Range of values
    Minimum:2.4784
    Maximum:2.8257
    Units:grams per cubic centimeter
    Resolution:0.001
    EN577_Density_TriggerCores.csv
    Data spreadsheet of results of water content and grain density analyses for NEMP trigger cores. Point dataset. 66 data records. (Source: Producer Defined)
    Sample ID
    Sample ID. Naming convention: 16001-CC-T-SSS-# (16001= Field Activity 2016-001-FA) (CC=Core ID number) (T=Sample from trigger core) (SSS = Sample type: DEN= Sample was originally taken for grain density analysis; WC=Sample was originally taken for water content analysis; GM=Sample was originally taken for gamma counting) (# = Number of sample taken from core) (Source: Producer Defined) character string
    Cruise ID
    Cruise identification code assigned by vessel (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    EN577R/V Endeavor Cruise 577, April to May of 2016; also known by USGS field activity number 2016-001-FA
    Contact
    Contact for samples (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    JCHAYTORJason D. Chaytor
    Area
    General area where samples were taken (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    Mud PatchOffshore of Martha’s Vineyard, SE Massachusetts
    Core ID
    Core identification number assigned in field. Naming convention piston and trigger cores: EN577-XXPC (EN577=Cruise ID) (XX=Core number) (PC= Piston Core) (Source: Producer Defined) character string
    Latitude
    Latitude of core that grain-size data came from (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:40.305839
    Maximum:40.520818
    Units:decimal degrees
    Longitude
    Longitude of core that grain-size analysis came from (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-70.7472293
    Maximum:-70.482964
    Units:decimal degrees
    Water Depth (m)
    Water depth at location where core was collected (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:68.6
    Maximum:107.9
    Units:meters below sea level
    Resolution:0.1
    Sample Depth Top (cm)
    Top of interval that was sampled for grain-size analysis (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:8
    Maximum:65
    Units:centimeters
    Sample Depth Bottom (cm)
    Bottom of interval that was sampled for grain-size analysis (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:9
    Maximum:66
    Units:centimeters
    Date Collected (MM/DD/YYYY)
    Date that core was collected in the field (Month/Day/Year) (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:4/19/2016
    Maximum:4/24/2016
    Units:days
    Collection Device
    Device used to collect core (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    TRIGGER CORERtrigger corer
    Date of MAD Analysis (MM/DD/YYYY)
    Date that moisture and density analysis was marked as complete (Month/Day/Year) (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    << empty cell >>Bulk density (moisture and density) analysis was not performed on this sample.
    Range of values
    Minimum:10/25/2017
    Maximum:6/28/2016
    Units:days
    Date of Pycnometer Analysis (MM/DD/YYYY)
    Date that pycnometer density analysis was marked as complete (Month/Day/Year) (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    << empty cell >>This sample was not analyzed for density using a pycnometer.
    Range of values
    Minimum:nan
    Maximum:nan
    Analysis Type
    Which type of density/water content analysis was performed on the sample (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    Wet Bulk Density (MAD)Moisture and density analysis was performed on this sample.
    Water ContentWater content analysis was performed on this sample.
    Sample Volume (cm^3)
    Volume of sample analyzed. In MAD analysis, a fixed-volume sediment sample collected a 3.10809 cm^3 plug. Pycnometer analysis measures sample volume by gas displacement in a sealed chamber. (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    << empty cell >>Moisture and Density (MAD) analysis was not performed on this sample.
    Range of values
    Minimum:1.0726
    Maximum:5.867
    Units:cubic centimeters
    Vessel Weight (g)
    Weight of aluminum dish or glass beaker used to hold sample (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1.0756
    Maximum:52.1307
    Units:grams
    Gross Wet Weight (g)
    Combined weight of vessel and wet sediment sample (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:5.6675
    Maximum:60.8313
    Units:grams
    Sample Wet Weight (g)
    Initial weight of the sample before drying process; weight difference between gross wet weight and vessel weight. (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:3.8288
    Maximum:9.9011
    Units:grams
    Gross Dry Weight (g)
    Vessel and sample weight after 24 hours of oven drying at 100 degrees celsius (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:3.74
    Maximum:56.9908
    Units:grams
    Sample Dry Weight (g)
    Weight of the dry sample; weight difference between gross dry weight and vessel weight. (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:2.2996
    Maximum:5.9071
    Units:grams
    Sample Water Loss (g)
    Mass of water lost during drying process; weight difference between wet sample weight and dry sample weight. (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.8325
    Maximum:37.6360
    Units:grams
    Percent Water Loss
    Weight of water loss as a percentage of sample wet weight (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:14.8496
    Maximum:45.4774
    Units:weight percent
    Wet Bulk Density (g/cm^3)
    Density of wet sample; calculated from sample wet weight divided by fixed wet sample volume (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    << empty cell >>Moisture and Density (MAD) analysis was not performed on this sample.
    Range of values
    Minimum:1.3364
    Maximum:1.6988
    Units:grams per cubic centimeter
    Dry Bulk Density (g/cm^3)
    Density of dry sample; calculated from sample dry weight divided by the dry volume. Dry sample volume was calculated using the known density of water and the mass of water loss during the drying process. (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    << empty cell >>Moisture and Density (MAD) analysis was not performed on this sample.
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.7765
    Maximum:1.059
    Units:grams per cubic centimeter
    Volume of Pore Water (cm^3)
    Volume occupied by water, calculated from sample water loss divided by density of pore water (fixed at 1.026 g/cm^3). (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    << empty cell >>Moisture and Density (MAD) analysis was not performed on this sample.
    Range of values
    Minimum:1.5445
    Maximum:3.8789
    Units:cubic centimeters
    Mass Salt (g)
    Mass of salt precipitated from evaporation of pore water (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    << empty cell >>Moisture and Density (MAD) analysis was not performed on this sample.
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.0555
    Maximum:0.1393
    Units:grams
    Volume Salt (cm^3)
    Volume of salt precipitated from evaporation of pore water (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    << empty cell >>Moisture and Density (MAD) analysis was not performed on this sample.
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.0252
    Maximum:0.0633
    Units:cubic centimeters
    Volume Dry (cm^3) (no salt)
    Volume of sample after drying process; calculated by subtracting volume of pore water and salt that was evaporated and precipitated, respectively, from the initial wet sample volume. (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    << empty cell >>Moisture and Density (MAD) analysis was not performed on this sample.
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.7393
    Maximum:2.5725
    Units:cubic centimeters
    Volume Bulk (cm^3)
    Volume of all dry solids in sample, including salt. (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    << empty cell >>Moisture and Density (MAD) analysis was not performed on this sample.
    Range of values
    Minimum:2.2838
    Maximum:5.8141
    Units:cubic centimeters
    Porosity (with salt)
    Fraction of total initial sample volume occupied by pore water prior to drying process; a calculated proportion of volume of pore water to total volume of dry solids, including salt. (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    << empty cell >>Moisture and Density (MAD) analysis was not performed on this sample.
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.5525
    Maximum:0.7368
    Units:(unitless)
    Porosity (without salt)
    Fraction of total initial sample volume occupied by pore water prior to drying process; a calculated proportion of volume of pore water to total volume of dry solids, not including salt. (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    << empty cell >>Moisture and Density (MAD) analysis was not performed on this sample.
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.5575
    Maximum:0.7458
    Grain Density (g/cm^3)
    Density of solid materials (sediment grains) in initial sample prior to drying process, not including the dissolved salt in pore water. (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    << empty cell >>Moisture and Density (MAD) analysis was not performed on this sample.
    Range of values
    Minimum:1.7783
    Maximum:3.7542
    Units:grams per cubic centimeter
    Pycnometer Sample Weight (g)
    Weight of dry sample as measured by pycnometer (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    << empty cell >>Pycnometer density analysis was not performed on sample
    Range of values
    Minimum:nan
    Maximum:nan
    Units:grams
    Pycnometer Volume (cm^3)
    Volume of dry sample as measured by pycnometer (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    << empty cell >>Pycnometer density analysis was not performed on sample
    Range of values
    Minimum:nan
    Maximum:nan
    Units:cubic centimeters
    Pycnometer Grain Density (g/cm^3)
    Grain density of dry sample measured by pycnometer (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    << empty cell >>Pycnometer density analysis was not performed on sample
    Range of values
    Minimum:nan
    Maximum:nan
    Units:grams per cubic centimeter
    Pycnometer Bulk Density (g/cm^3) (no salt)
    Bulk density of dry sample measured by pycnometer (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    << empty cell >>Pycnometer density analysis was not performed on sample
    Range of values
    Minimum:nan
    Maximum:nan
    Units:grams per cubic centimeter
    Pycnometer Porosity (w/o salt)
    Porosity of dry sample measured by pycnometer, not including salt precipitated during drying process. (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    << empty cell >>Pycnometer density analysis was not performed on sample
    Range of values
    Minimum:nan
    Maximum:nan
    Units:percent of 1
    Pycnometer Grain Density (g/cm^3) (no salt)
    Grain density of dry sample measured by pycnometer (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    << empty cell >>Pycnometer density analysis was not performed on sample
    Range of values
    Minimum:nan
    Maximum:nan
    Units:grams per cubic centimeter
    EN577_Density_AcousticCores.csv
    Data spreadsheet of results of water content and grain density analyses for NEMP gravity/acoustic cores. Point dataset. 57 data records. (Source: Producer Defined)
    Sample ID
    Sample ID. Naming convention: 16001-CC-G-SSS-# (16001= Field Activity 2016-001-FA) (CC=Core ID number) (G=Sample from gravity/acoustic core) (SSS = Sample type: DEN= Sample was originally taken for grain density analysis; WC=Sample was originally taken for water content analysis; GM=Sample was originally taken for gamma counting) (# = Number of sample taken from core) (Source: Producer Defined) character string
    Cruise ID
    Cruise identification code assigned by vessel (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    EN577R/V Endeavor Cruise 577, April to May of 2016; also known by USGS field activity number 2016-001-FA
    Contact
    Contact for samples (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    JCHAYTORJason D. Chaytor
    Area
    General area where samples were taken (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    Mud PatchOffshore of Martha’s Vineyard, SE Massachusetts
    Core ID
    Core identification number assigned in field. Naming convention piston and trigger cores: EN577-XXPC (EN577=Cruise ID) (XX=Core number) (PC= Piston Core) (Source: Producer Defined) character string
    Latitude
    Latitude of core that grain-size data came from (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:40.4329
    Maximum:40.51077
    Units:decimal degrees
    Longitude
    Longitude of core that grain-size analysis came from (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:-70.79252
    Maximum:-70.56642
    Units:decimal degrees
    Water Depth (m)
    Water depth at location where core was collected (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:71
    Maximum:86
    Units:meters below sea level
    Sample Depth Top (cm)
    Top of interval that was sampled for grain-size analysis (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:15
    Maximum:215
    Units:centimeters
    Sample Depth Bottom (cm)
    Bottom of interval that was sampled for grain-size analysis (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:16
    Maximum:216
    Units:centimeters
    Date Collected (MM/DD/YYYY)
    Date that core was collected in the field (Month/Day/Year) (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:4/27/2016
    Maximum:4/30/2016
    Units:days
    Collection Device
    Device used to collect core (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    ACOUSTIC (GRAVITY) CORERAcoustic/gravity corer
    Date of MAD Analysis (MM/DD/YYYY)
    Date that moisture and density analysis was marked as complete (Month/Day/Year) (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:10/3/2019
    Maximum:7/31/2018
    Units:days
    Date of Pycnometer Analysis (MM/DD/YYYY)
    Date that pycnometer density analysis was marked as complete (Month/Day/Year) (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    << empty cell >>This sample was not analyzed for density using a pycnometer.
    Range of values
    Minimum:10/10/2019
    Maximum:9/3/2019
    Units:days
    Analysis Type
    Which type of density/water content analysis was performed on the sample (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    Wet Bulk Density (MAD)Moisture and density analysis was performed on this sample.
    MAD and PycnometerMoisture and density analysis and pycnometer density analysis were performed on this sample.
    Sample Volume (cm^3)
    Volume of sample analyzed. In MAD analysis, a fixed-volume sediment sample collected a 3.10809 cm^3 plug. Pycnometer analysis measures sample volume by gas displacement in a sealed chamber. (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:3.10809
    Maximum:3.10809
    Units:cubic centimeters
    Vessel Weight (g)
    Weight of aluminum dish or glass beaker used to hold sample (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1.0704
    Maximum:1.1409
    Units:grams
    Gross Wet Weight (g)
    Combined weight of vessel and wet sediment sample (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:5.4771
    Maximum:6.5026
    Units:grams
    Sample Wet Weight (g)
    Initial weight of the sample before drying process; weight difference between gross wet weight and vessel weight. (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:4.3756
    Maximum:5.4115
    Units:grams
    Gross Dry Weight (g)
    Vessel and sample weight after 24 hours of oven drying at 100 degrees celsius (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:3.6553
    Maximum:4.8896
    Units:grams
    Sample Dry Weight (g)
    Weight of the dry sample; weight difference between gross dry weight and vessel weight. (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:2.5538
    Maximum:3.7985
    Sample Water Loss (g)
    Mass of water lost during drying process; weight difference between wet sample weight and dry sample weight. (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1.6130
    Maximum:2.101
    Units:grams
    Percent Water Loss
    Percent water loss as Weight of water loss as a percentage of sample wet weight (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:29.8069
    Maximum:44.1542
    Units:weight percent
    Wet Bulk Density (g/cm^3)
    Density of wet sample; calculated from sample wet weight divided by fixed wet sample volume (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1.4078
    Maximum:1.7411
    Units:grams per cubic centimeter
    Dry Bulk Density (g/cm^3)
    Density of dry sample; calculated from sample dry weight divided by the dry volume. Dry sample volume was calculated using the known density of water and the mass of water loss during the drying process. (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.8217
    Maximum:1.2221
    Units:grams per cubic centimeter
    Volume of Pore Water (cm^3)
    Volume occupied by water, calculated from sample water loss divided by density of pore water (fixed at 1.026 g/cm^3). (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:1.6291
    Maximum:2.122
    Units:cubic centimeters
    Mass Salt (g)
    Mass of salt precipitated from evaporation of pore water (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.0585
    Maximum:0.0762
    Units:grams
    Volume Salt (g/cm3)
    Volume of salt precipitated from evaporation of pore water (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.0266
    Maximum:0.0346
    Units:cubic centimeters
    Volume Dry (cm^3) (no salt)
    Volume of sample after drying process; calculated by subtracting volume of pore water and salt that was evaporated and precipitated, respectively, from the initial wet sample volume. (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.9514
    Maximum:1.4524
    Units:cubic centimeters
    Volume Bulk (cm^3)
    Volume of all dry solids in sample, including salt. (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:3.0735
    Maximum:3.0815
    Units:cubic centimeters
    Porosity (with salt)
    Fraction of total initial sample volume occupied by pore water prior to drying process; a calculated proportion of volume of pore water to total volume of dry solids, including salt. (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.5242
    Maximum:0.6827
    Units:(unitless)
    Porosity (without salt)
    Fraction of total initial sample volume occupied by pore water prior to drying process; a calculated proportion of volume of pore water to total volume of dry solids, not including salt. (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.5287
    Maximum:0.6904
    Units:(unitless)
    Grain Density (g/cm^3)
    Density of solid materials (sediment grains) in initial sample prior to drying process, not including the dissolved salt in pore water. (Source: Producer Defined)
    Range of values
    Minimum:2.0094
    Maximum:3.2206
    Units:grams per cubic centimeter
    Pycnometer Sample Weight (g)
    Weight of dry sample as measured by pycnometer (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    << empty cell >>Pycnometer density analysis was not performed on sample
    Range of values
    Minimum:2.6320
    Maximum:3.4624
    Units:grams
    Pycnometer Volume (cm^3)
    Volume of dry sample as measured by pycnometer (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    << empty cell >>Pycnometer density analysis was not performed on sample
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.978
    Maximum:1.3276
    Units:cubic centimeters
    Pycnometer Grain Density (g/cm^3)
    Grain density of dry sample measured by pycnometer (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    << empty cell >>Pycnometer density analysis was not performed on sample
    Range of values
    Minimum:2.5225
    Maximum:2.7956
    Units:grams per cubic centimeter
    Pycnometer Bulk Density (g/cm^3) (no salt)
    Bulk density of dry sample measured by pycnometer (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    << empty cell >>Pycnometer density analysis was not performed on sample
    Range of values
    Minimum:2.9379
    Maximum:3.1545
    Units:grams per cubic centimeter
    Pycnometer Porosity (w/o salt)
    Porosity of dry sample measured by pycnometer, not including salt precipitated during drying process. (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    << empty cell >>Pycnometer density analysis was not performed on sample
    Range of values
    Minimum:0.5876
    Maximum:0.6782
    Units:percent of 1
    Pycnometer Grain Density (g/cm^3) (no salt)
    Grain density of dry sample measured by pycnometer (Source: Producer Defined)
    ValueDefinition
    << empty cell >>Pycnometer density analysis was not performed on sample
    Range of values
    Minimum:2.5315
    Maximum:2.8124
    Units:grams per cubic centimeter
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    Finalized water content and density data was taken from individual batch tables and compiled into three CSV (comma-separated value) spreadsheets containing data pertaining to each core type (piston, trigger, and acoustic).
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • A.A. Boggess
    • B.J. Buczkowski
    • J.D. Chaytor
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Jason Chaytor
    U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region
    Research Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    US

    508-548-8700 x2351 (voice)
    jchaytor@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

The data gained through the analyses of cores collected from the New England Mud Patch help provide a comprehensive understanding of the nature and properties of the sediments found in this geographic location. Water content and grain density analyses were used to determine the density and porosity of samples collected from the cores.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    Blum, 1997 (source 1 of 1)
    Blum, Peter, 1997, Physical properties handbook: a guide to the shipboard measurements of physical properties of the deep-sea cores: ODP Tech., Online.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: Note, 26
    Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy
    Source_Contribution: Description of methods used in moisture and density analysis
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2016 (process 1 of 5)
    Each core was cut into sections on the ship after collection. The cores were then split into halves back on shore. Person who carried out this activity:
    Jason Chaytor
    U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region
    Research Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    US

    508-548-8700 x2351 (voice)
    jchaytor@usgs.gov
    Date: 2020 (process 2 of 5)
    Moisture and Density (MAD) samples were collected at 30-50 cm intervals from undisturbed sediment cores using a 5g soil sampling tool, then placed into a pre-weighed aluminum tray. Water content samples were collected from sediment cores using a spatula, then placed into a pre-weighed aluminum tray or glass beaker. Sample was then dried at 100 degrees C after at least 24 hours, then reweighed. Pre-dried sediment samples, some previously analyzed for bulk density, were further analyzed for density using a HyPyc gas pycnometer. Person who carried out this activity:
    Allyson A Boggess
    U.S. Geological Survey, NORTHEAST REGION
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    US

    508-548-8700 x2341 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    aboggess@usgs.gov
    Date: 2020 (process 3 of 5)
    Sample weights were entered into multiple spreadsheets, divided by analysis type and year performed. The resulting weight differential between the initial (wet) sample weights and final (dry) sample weights were used to calculate water content in all samples. In MAD samples, wet bulk density, dry bulk density, porosity, and grain density were calculated using equations from Blum (1997). In total, 796 water content and MAD analyses were performed; 123 samples were analyzed with a pycnometer. Person who carried out this activity:
    Allyson A Boggess
    U.S. Geological Survey, NORTHEAST REGION
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    US

    508-548-8700 x2341 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    aboggess@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • Blum, 1997
    Date: 2021 (process 4 of 5)
    Water content, MAD, and pycnometer data were compiled from yearly data spreadsheets into three CSV (comma-separated value) spreadsheets, each containing data from different core types: piston cores, trigger cores, and acoustic cores. Person who carried out this activity:
    Allyson A Boggess
    U.S. Geological Survey, NORTHEAST REGION
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    US

    508-548-8700 x2341 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    aboggess@usgs.gov
    Date: 17-Nov-2021 (process 5 of 5)
    Tweaked a thesaurus name (20211117). Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Chaytor, Jason D., Ballard, Megan S., Buczkowski, Brian J., Goff, John A., Lee, Kevin M., Reed, Allen H., and Boggess, Allyson A., 2021, Measurements of Geologic Characteristics and Geophysical Properties of Sediments from the New England Mud Patch: IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society, Piscataway, NJ.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    This journal article is the publication supported by this data release.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    Attributes were double checked that they related the correct interval data to sample ID.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    Of the 98 cores collected during the R/V Endeavor EN577 cruise, 74 cores are included in this set of water content and density data. Cores chosen for analysis were those that were thought to represent the full range of sediments expected to be encountered. Any cores omitted from analysis were not included because the coring locations were in close proximity to previously analyzed cores.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Results of water content and density analyses are generally consistent with expected values.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints None.
Use_Constraints Not to be used for navigation. The public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
    Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
    Denver, CO
    United States

    1-888-275-8747 (voice)
    sciencebase@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Comma-separated value spreadsheets (EN577_Density_PistonCores.csv, EN577_Density_TriggerCores.csv, EN577_Density_AcousticCores.csv), browse graphic (MudPatchCores_BrowseGraphic.png), and associated FGDC CSDGM metadata in XML (EN577_Density_Metadata.xml).
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 22-May-2023
Metadata author:
Allyson A Boggess
U.S. Geological Survey, NORTHEAST REGION
Geologist
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA
US

508-548-8700 x2341 (voice)
508-457-2310 (FAX)
whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
Contact_Instructions:
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the metadata contact is no longer with the USGS or the email is otherwise invalid.
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)

This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/whcmsc/SB_data_release/DR_P9ZYK3PX/EN577_Density_Metadata.faq.html>
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