A.A. Boggess B.J. Buczkowski J.D. Chaytor 20210819 1.0 spreadsheet data release DOI: 10.5066/P9ZYK3PX Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZYK3PX https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/60551970d34e1894882d0a38 A.A. Boggess B.J. Buczkowski J.D. Chaytor 2021 1.0 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Suggested citation: Boggess, A.A., Buczkowski, B.J., and Chaytor, J.D., 2021, Sedimentological and geotechnical analyses of marine sediment cores from the New England Mud Patch: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZYK3PX. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZYK3PX https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/604b8bc4d34eb120311b3800 Variability in sediment properties with depth and the thickness of individual sedimentary layers are critical determinants of seabed acoustic response. The New England Mud Patch (NEMP), located south of Cape Cod, is an unusual feature on the U.S. Continental Shelf in that it is composed of fine-grained sediment layers containing a relatively-homogeneous mix of sand, silt, and clay-sized particles bounded by more typical sandy shelf sediments. The unique characteristics and nature of this deposit is due to a derivation of sediments that have been transported to, and deposited in, a basal bowl-shaped depression since the last glacial maximum. Ninety-two piston, vibra-, and gravity cores with a maximum length of 8.2 meters were collected from across the New England Mud Patch during a 2-leg, 10-day cruise aboard the R/V Endeavor in the spring of 2016. Geologic characterization and analysis of a subset of the cores including grain size, CaCO3, mineral composition, and bulk index properties (undrained shear strength, water content, density, and porosity) of discrete samples was carried out at the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center's (WHCMSC) Sediment Analysis Laboratory. This data release contains the results of these analyses, along with visual core descriptions and summary sheets for each core analyzed for this study. The data gained through the analyses of cores collected from the New England Mud Patch help provide a comprehensive understanding of the nature and properties of the sediments found in this geographic location. Grain size analyses were used to define the grain size distribution and sedimentary character of samples collected from the cores. Cores were collected on the 2016 R/V Endeavor cruise EN577 from April 19, 2016 to May 2, 2016. Information about this expedition, also known as USGS Field Activity 2016-001-FA, is available at https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2016-001-FA 20160419 20160502 ground condition Complete None planned -70.7979 -70.4370 40.5952 40.3058 ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans None U.S. Geological Survey USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center WHCMSC sediment samples cores piston cores trigger cores acoustic cores vibracores Cruise ID EN577 WHCMSC Field Activity 2016-001-FA R/V Endeavor grain-size clay silt sand gravel USGS Thesaurus geology sedimentology piston coring gravity coring vibracoring core analysis unconsolidated deposits clay deposits sand deposits grain-size analysis sieve-size analysis Holocene USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:60551970d34e1894882d0a38 None New England Mud Patch NEMP Atlantic U.S. Continental Shelf Massachusetts Martha's Vineyard Seabed Experiment Area None. Not to be used for navigation. The public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. Jason Chaytor U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region Research Geologist mailing and physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 US 508-548-8700 x2351 jchaytor@usgs.gov https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/60551970d34e1894882d0a38/?name=MudPatchCores_BrowseGraphic.png Browse image of the core collection locations and spatial extent of the study area PNG Microsoft Windows 10 Enterprise Version 10.0.18363 (Build 18363) Jason D. Chaytor Megan S. Ballard Brian J. Buczkowski John A. Goff Kevin M. Lee Allen H. Reed Allyson A. Boggess 2021 1.0 Piscataway, NJ IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society This journal article is the publication supported by this data release. https://doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2021.3101013 Data quality grades have been assigned to each sample analysis, indicating the accuracy of the grain size distribution of the sample's coarse fraction. Standards are regularly run for quality control on the Beckman Coulter Multisizer3, ensuring accuracy of grain-size measurements of the fine fractions. Samples' quantified grain size classification, calculated with workbook macros (see Process Step 3), were compared to the qualitative grain size classification described by observers on the core's visual description. This was done to ensure that the actual grain-size data was consistent with expected results determined by inspection of physical samples. Of the 98 cores collected during the R/V Endeavor EN577 cruise, 66 cores were analyzed for this grain-size dataset. Cores chosen for analysis were those that were thought to represent the full range of sediments expected to be encountered. Any cores omitted from analysis were not included because the coring locations were in close proximity to previously analyzed cores. Each core was cut into sections on the ship during collection. The cores were then split into halves in the core lab. Subsamples (1- cm thick) were taken from the split cores for grain size analysis. 2016 Jason Chaytor U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region Research Geologist mailing address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 US 508-548-8700 x2351 jchaytor@usgs.gov Samples submitted to the sediment analysis laboratory for grain size analysis using the Beckman Coulter Multisizer3 and sieving of the ≥ 4 phi fraction are assigned internal analysis identifiers to record the measurement data. About 50 grams of wet sediment are placed in a pre-weighed beaker, weighed, oven dried at 100°C, and reweighed to correct for salt. The dried sample is wet sieved through a 0.062 mm (No. 230) sieve. The coarse fraction remaining in the sieve is oven dried at 100°C (until completely dried) and weighed. The fine fraction in water is collected in a plastic Nalgene bottle and sealed with a screw lid (stored for no longer than one week). The coarse fraction is dry sieved to determine the individual weights of the 4 to -5 phi fractions, and the weights are recorded in the data entry spreadsheet. At the request of the submitter, shell and shell fragments can be manually removed from the -2 phi and coarser fractions, weighed and their weights are recorded in the data entry spreadsheet. The fine fraction is run and combined using the 200 μm and 30 μm Coulter analyses using the Multisizer3 software (version 3.53) to get the fine fraction grain size distribution. The fine fraction distribution data are added to the data entry spreadsheet. The spreadsheet is used to calculate a continuous phi class distribution from the original fractions. 2020 Allyson A Boggess U.S. Geological Survey, NORTHEAST REGION Geologist mailing address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 US 508-548-8700 x2341 508-457-2310 aboggess@usgs.gov Continuous phi class distribution from the original fractions are transposed to the "results" tab in the macro-enabled Microsoft Excel data entry workbook with a unique identifier assigned to the sample submission. Macros in the workbook are run to calculate grain size classification and statistical analyses. Sample, navigation, and field identifiers, along with continuous phi class distribution data, grain size classification, and statistical analysis results are copied and pasted into a final Microsoft Excel spreadsheet for each sample submission batch . The processed data are quality control checked and assigned a quality grade based on the examination of the analytical data. Processed data are released to the submitter and incorporated into the laboratory's database. All raw analytical data generated by the samples are archived in the sediment analysis laboratory. 2020 Brian Buczkowski U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region Physical Scientist mailing address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 US 508-548-8700 x2361 508-457-2310 bbuczkowski@usgs.gov Finalized grain-size data was taken from individual batch tables and compiled into three CSV (comma-separated value)spreadsheets of data pertaining to each core type (piston, trigger, and acoustic cores). 2020 Allyson A Boggess U.S. Geological Survey, NORTHEAST REGION Geologist mailing address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 US 508-548-8700 x2341 508-457-2310 aboggess@usgs.gov Tweaked a thesaurus name (20211117). 20211117 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov 0.0197464427 0.0258271413 Decimal degrees WGS_1984 WGS_84 6378137.0 298.257223563 Local surface 0.1 meters Attribute values EN577_GrainSize_PistonCores.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing grain-size data for NEMP piston cores. Point dataset. 770 data records. Producer Defined SAMPLE_ID Sample ID. Naming convention: FFFFF-CC-P-GS-# (FFFFF= Field ID abbreviation) (CC=Core ID) (P=Piston Core) (GS= Grain Size Sample) (# = Sample Number) USGS character string PROJECT Project group ID USGS ONR Mud Patch ID for USGS project USGS CRUISE ID Cruise identification code assigned by research vessel USGS EN577 R/V Endeavor Cruise EN577, also known by WHCMSC field activity number 2016-001-FA USGS CONTACT Contact for samples USGS JCHAYTOR Jason D. Chaytor USGS AREA General area where samples were taken USGS Mud Patch Southern New England Mud Patch USGS CORE_ID Core identification number assigned in field. Naming convention EN577-XXPC (EN577=Cruise ID) (XX=Core number) (PC=Piston Core) USGS character string LATITUDE Latitude of core that grain-size data came from USGS 39.893954 40.50153 decimal degrees LONGITUDE Longitude of core that grain-size data came from USGS -70.948424 -70.482964 decimal degrees WATER_DEPTH Water depth at location where core was collected USGS 69.3 645.0 Meters 0.1 SAMPLE_DEPTH_TOP Top of interval that was sampled for grain-size analysis USGS 3 780 centimeters SAMPLE_DEPTH_BOTTOM Bottom of interval that was sampled for grain-size analysis USGS 4 781 centimeters DEVICE Device used to collect core USGS PISTON CORER Piston Corer Producer defined DATE_COLLECTED Date that core was collected. Format: MM/DD/YYYY (MM= Month) (DD=Day) (YYYY=Year) USGS character string DATE_ANALYZED Date that grain-size analysis was completed. Format: MM/DD/YYYY (MM= Month) (DD=Day) (YYYY=Year) USGS character string WEIGHT Weight of dry sample USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 2.151 31.167 grams 0.001 GRAVEL_PCT Gravel content in percent dry weight of the sample (particles with nominal diameters greater than 2 mm; -1 Phi and coarser). USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0 28.87 percent 0.01 SAND_PCT Sand content in percent dry weight of the sample (particles with nominal diameters less than 2 mm, but greater than or equal to 0.0625 mm; 0 Phi through 4 Phi). USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 2.53 99.78 percent 0.01 SILT_PCT Silt content in percent dry weight of the sample (particles with nominal diameters less than 0.0625 mm, but greater than or equal to 0.004 mm; 5 Phi through 8 Phi, inclusive). USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.0 86.13 percent 0.01 CLAY_PCT Clay content in percent dry weight of the sample (particles with nominal diameters less than 0.004 mm; 9 Phi and finer). USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.0 85.38 percent 0.01 CLASSIFICATION Sediment description based on a rigorous definition, usually Shepard (1954) as modified by Schlee (1973) and Poppe and others ( 2005). USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary clayey silt Sediment whose main phase is silt, but with significant clay. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary sand silt clay Sediment with significant (over 20 percent) sand, silt, and clay Producer defined silty clay Sediment whose main phase is clay, but with significant silt. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary sandy silt Sediment whose main phase is silt, but with significant sand. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary silty sand Sediment whose main phase is silt, but with significant sand. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary sand Sediment whose main phase is less than 2 mm, but greater than or equal to 0.062 mm. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary gravelly sediment Sediment with gravel component equal to or greater than 10 percent, but less than 50 percent USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary clay Sediment whose main phase is less than 0.004 mm. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary clayey sand Sediment whose main phase is sand, but with significant clay. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary silt Sediment whose main phase is less than 2 mm but greater than or equal to 0.0625 mm; 0 phi through 4 phi USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary MEDIAN Middle point in the grain size distribution in phi units. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.85 10.39 phi 0.01 MEAN Average value in the grain size distribution in phi units. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.46 9.44 phi 0.01 STDEV Standard deviation (root mean square of the deviations) of the grain size distribution in phi units (sorting). USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.55 3.57 phi 0.01 SKEWNESS Skewness (deviation from symmetrical form) of the grain size distribution in phi units. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary -2.24 5.17 phi 0.01 KURTOSIS Kurtosis (degree of curvature near the mode) of the grain size distribution in phi units. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary -0.59 39.63 phi 0.01 PHI11 11 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 11 Phi fraction and finer (nominal diameter of particles less than 0.001 mm); fine clay. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.0 21.01 percent 0.01 PHI10 10 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 10 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.001 mm, but less than 0.002 mm); medium clay. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.0 34.68 percent 0.01 PHI9 9 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 9 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.002 mm, but less than 0.004 mm); coarse clay. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.0 37.35 percent 0.01 PHI8 8 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 8 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.004 mm, but less than 0.008 mm); very fine silt. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.01 31.60 percent 0.01 PHI7 7 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 7 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.008 mm, but less than 0.016 mm); fine silt. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.01 47.41 percent 0.01 PHI6 6 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 6 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.016 mm, but less than 0.031 mm); medium silt. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.01 34.11 percent 0.01 PHI5 5 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 5 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.031 mm, but less than 0.0625 mm); coarse silt. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.0 65.37 percent 0.01 PHI4 4 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 4 Phi fraction (nominal diameters of particles greater than or equal to .0625 mm, but less than 0.125 mm); very fine sand. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.5 85.89 percent 0.01 PHI3 3 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 3 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.125 mm, but less than 0.25 mm); fine sand. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.01 68.25 percent 0.01 PHI2 2 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 2 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.25 mm, but less than 0.5 mm); medium sand. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.0 81.9 percent 0.01 PHI1 1 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 1 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, but less than 1 mm); coarse sand. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.0 43.01 percent 0.01 PHI0 0 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 0 Phi fraction (nominal diameters of particles greater than or equal to 1 mm, but less than 2 mm); very coarse sand. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.0 16.68 percent 0.01 PHIm1 -1 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the -1 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 2 mm, but less than 4 mm); very fine pebbles (granules). USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.0 4.85 percent 0.01 PHIm2 -2 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the -2 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 4 mm, but less than 8 mm); fine pebbles. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.0 28.19 percent 0.01 PHIm3 -3 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the -3 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 8 mm, but less than 16 mm); medium pebbles. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.0 11.66 percent 0.01 PHIm4 -4 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the -4 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 16 mm, but less than 32 mm); coarse pebbles. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.0 17.72 percent 0.01 PHIm5 -5 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the -5 Phi fraction and coarser (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 32 mm); very coarse pebbles, cobbles, and boulders. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.0 6.93 percent 0.01 ANALYST Analyst who performed grain size laboratory analysis USGS ARP Allison R. Paquette Producer defined DATA QUALITY GRADE Samples are assigned a quality grade based on the examination of the analytical data. Data quality grades may be determined by several factors, and any comments or notes about the data for a particular sample are included in the results table for that sample under "comments". Quality grades for sample data that do not have any additional comments are assigned based on the calculated percent difference between the weights of the coarse fraction remaining after wet sieving and the sum of all of the weighed fractions after dry sieving the coarse fraction, indicating an estimated differing amount of material which could skew the calculated grain size results. USGS A Coarse fraction percent differences between 0% and ±1.5% Producer defined B Coarse fraction percent differences between ±1.5% and ±3% Producer defined D Coarse fraction percent differences between percent differences greater than ±4.5% Producer defined C Coarse fraction percent differences between ±3% and ±4.5% Producer defined GRADE QUALIFIER Scientist who determined the data quality grade of sample USGS BJB Brian J. Buczkowski Producer defined JDC Jason D. Chaytor Producer defined COMMENTS Information about percent difference between initial calculated coarse fraction (3 phi and coarser) weight and the sum of the sieved and weighed coarse material. USGS << empty cell >> No comments given for sample by grade qualifier Producer defined character string; statement of justification for data quality grade EN577_GrainSize_TriggerCores.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing grain-size data for NEMP trigger cores. Point dataset. 77 data records. Producer Defined SAMPLE_ID Sample ID. Naming convention: FFFFF-CC-T-GS-# (FFFFF= Field ID abbreviation) (CC=Core ID) (T=Trigger Core) (GS= Indicates Grain Size Sample) (# = Sample Number) Producer Defined character string FAN Field activity number assigned by center. USGS 2016-001-FA R/V Endeavor Cruise EN577 USGS CONTACT Contact for samples Producer Defined JCHAYTOR Jason D. Chaytor USGS AREA General area where samples were taken Producer Defined Southern New England Mud Patch Southern New England Mud Patch Producer defined CORE_ID Core identification number assigned in field. Naming convention EN577-XXPC (EN577=Cruise ID) (XX=Core number) (PC=Piston Core) Producer Defined character string LATITUDE Latitude of core that grain-size data came from USGS 40.305839 40.520818 decimal degrees LONGITUDE Longitude of core that grain-size data came from Producer Defined -70.7472293 -70.482964 decimal degrees WATER_DEPTH Water depth at location where core was collected USGS 68.6 107.9 Meters 0.1 SAMPLE_DEPTH_TOP Top of interval that was sampled for grain-size analysis Producer Defined 0 65 centimeters SAMPLE_DEPTH_BOTTOM Bottom of interval that was sampled for grain-size analysis Producer Defined 1 66 centimeters DEVICE Device used to collect core Producer Defined PISTON CORER Piston Corer Producer defined DATE_COLLECTED Date that core was collected. Format: MM/DD/YYYY (MM= Month) (DD=Day) (YYYY=Year) USGS character string DATE_ANALYZED Date that grain-size analysis was completed. Format: MM/DD/YYYY (MM= Month) (DD=Day) (YYYY=Year) USGS character string WEIGHT Weight of dry sample USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 4.367 10.760 grams 0.001 GRAVEL_PCT Gravel content in percent dry weight of the sample (particles with nominal diameters greater than 2 mm; -1 Phi and coarser). USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0 2.29 percent 0.01 SAND_PCT Sand content in percent dry weight of the sample (particles with nominal diameters less than 2 mm, but greater than or equal to 0.0625 mm; 0 Phi through 4 Phi). USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 10.56 56.33 percent 0.01 SILT_PCT Silt content in percent dry weight of the sample (particles with nominal diameters less than 0.0625 mm, but greater than or equal to 0.004 mm; 5 Phi through 8 Phi, inclusive). USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 31.43 80.61 percent 0.01 CLAY_PCT Clay content in percent dry weight of the sample (particles with nominal diameters less than 0.004 mm; 9 Phi and finer). USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.02 40.82 percent 0.01 CLASSIFICATION Sediment description based on a rigorous definition, usually Shepard (1954) as modified by Schlee (1973) and Poppe and others ( 2005). USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary clayey silt Sediment whose main phase is silt, but with significant clay. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary sand silt clay Sediment with significant (over 20 percent) sand, silt, and clay Producer defined silty clay Sediment whose main phase is clay, but with significant silt. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary sandy silt Sediment whose main phase is silt, but with significant sand. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary silty sand Sediment whose main phase is silt, but with significant sand. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary sand Sediment whose main phase is less than 2 mm, but greater than or equal to 0.062 mm. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary gravelly sediment Sediment with gravel component equal to or greater than 10 percent, but less than 50 percent USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary clay Sediment whose main phase is less than 0.004 mm. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary clayey sand Sediment whose main phase is sand, but with significant clay. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary silt Sediment whose main phase is less than 2 mm but greater than or equal to 0.0625 mm; 0 phi through 4 phi USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary MEDIAN Middle point in the grain size distribution in phi units. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 3.89 7.56 phi 0.01 MEAN Average value in the grain size distribution in phi units. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 4.54 6.99 phi 0.01 STDEV Standard deviation (root mean square of the deviations) of the grain size distribution in phi units (sorting). USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 1.31 2.33 phi 0.01 SKEWNESS Skewness (deviation from symmetrical form) of the grain size distribution in phi units. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary -0.82 1.56 phi 0.01 KURTOSIS Kurtosis (degree of curvature near the mode) of the grain size distribution in phi units. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary -0.13 5.99 phi 0.01 PHI11 11 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 11 Phi fraction and finer (nominal diameter of particles less than 0.001 mm); fine clay. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.0 11.17 percent 0.01 PHI10 10 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 10 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.001 mm, but less than 0.002 mm); medium clay. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.0 14.55 percent 0.01 PHI9 9 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 9 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.002 mm, but less than 0.004 mm); coarse clay. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.0 26.14 percent 0.01 PHI8 8 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 8 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.004 mm, but less than 0.008 mm); very fine silt. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 2.07 29.90 percent 0.01 PHI7 7 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 7 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.008 mm, but less than 0.016 mm); fine silt. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 4.55 51.54 percent 0.01 PHI6 6 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 6 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.016 mm, but less than 0.031 mm); medium silt. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 4.11 32.75 percent 0.01 PHI5 5 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 5 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.031 mm, but less than 0.0625 mm); coarse silt. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 1.53 60.07 percent 0.01 PHI4 4 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 4 Phi fraction (nominal diameters of particles greater than or equal to .0625 mm, but less than 0.125 mm); very fine sand. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 10.51 55.15 percent 0.01 PHI3 3 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 3 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.125 mm, but less than 0.25 mm); fine sand. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.00 1.44 percent 0.01 PHI2 2 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 2 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.25 mm, but less than 0.5 mm); medium sand. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.00 0.37 percent 0.01 PHI1 1 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 1 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, but less than 1 mm); coarse sand. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.0 0.19 percent 0.01 PHI0 0 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 0 Phi fraction (nominal diameters of particles greater than or equal to 1 mm, but less than 2 mm); very coarse sand. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.00 0.12 percent 0.01 PHIm1 -1 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the -1 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 2 mm, but less than 4 mm); very fine pebbles (granules). USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.00 0.22 percent 0.01 PHIm2 -2 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the -2 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 4 mm, but less than 8 mm); fine pebbles. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.00 2.18 percent 0.01 PHIm3 -3 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the -3 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 8 mm, but less than 16 mm); medium pebbles. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.0 0.00 percent 0.01 PHIm4 -4 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the -4 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 16 mm, but less than 32 mm); coarse pebbles. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.00 0.00 percent 0.01 PHIm5 -5 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the -5 Phi fraction and coarser (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 32 mm); very coarse pebbles, cobbles, and boulders. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.00 0.00 percent 0.01 ANALYST Analyst who performed grain size laboratory analysiss Producer Defined ARP Allison R. Paquette Producer defined DATA QUALITY GRADE Samples are assigned a quality grade based on the examination of the analytical data. Data quality grades may be determined by several factors, and any comments or notes about the data for a particular sample are included in the results table for that sample under "comments". Quality grades for sample data that do not have any additional comments are assigned based on the calculated percent difference between the weights of the coarse fraction remaining after wet sieving and the sum of all of the weighed fractions after dry sieving the coarse fraction, indicating an estimated differing amount of material which could skew the calculated grain size results. Producer Defined A Coarse fraction percent differences between 0% and ±1.5% Producer defined B Coarse fraction percent differences between ±1.5% and ±3% Producer defined C Coarse fraction percent differences between ±3% and ±4.5% Producer defined GRADE QUALIFIER Scientist who determined the data quality grade of sample Producer Defined BJB Brian J. Buczkowski Producer defined JDC Jason D. Chaytor Producer defined COMMENTS Information about percent difference between initial calculated coarse fraction (3 phi and coarser) weight and the sum of the sieved and weighed coarse material. Producer Defined << empty cell >> No comments given for sample by grade qualifier Producer defined character string; statement of justification for data quality grade EN577_GrainSize_AcousticCores.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing grain size data for NEMP acoustic/gravity cores. Point dataset. 58 data records. Producer Defined SAMPLE_ID Sample ID. Naming convention: FFFFF-CC-G-GS-# (FFFFF= Field ID abbreviation) (CC=Core ID) (G=Gravity/Acoustic Core) (GS= Indicates Grain Size Sample) (# = Sample Number) Producer Defined character string FAN Field activity number assigned by center. USGS 2016-001-FA R/V Endeavor Cruise EN577 USGS CONTACT Contact for samples Producer Defined JCHAYTOR Jason D. Chaytor USGS AREA General area where samples were taken Producer Defined Mud Patch Southern New England Mud Patch Producer defined CORE_ID Core identification number assigned in field. Naming convention EN577-ACXX (EN577=Cruise ID) (AC Core) (XX=Core number) Producer Defined character string LATITUDE Latitude of core that grain-size data came from USGS 40.4329 40.48132 decimal degrees LONGITUDE Longitude of core that grain-size data came from Producer Defined -70.792517 -70.59867 decimal degrees WATER_DEPTH Water depth at location where core was collected USGS 76 86 Meters 1 SAMPLE_DEPTH_TOP Top of interval that was sampled for grain-size analysis Producer Defined 2 226 centimeters SAMPLE_DEPTH_BOTTOM Bottom of interval that was sampled for grain-size analysis Producer Defined 3 227 centimeters DEVICE Device used to collect core Producer Defined GRAVITY (ACOUSTIC) CORER Gravity (Acoustic) Corer Producer defined DATE_COLLECTED Date that core was collected. Format: MM/DD/YYYY (MM= Month) (DD=Day) (YYYY=Year) USGS character string DATE_ANALYZED Date that grain-size analysis was completed. Format: MM/DD/YYYY (MM= Month) (DD=Day) (YYYY=Year) USGS character string WEIGHT Weight of dry sample USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 3.3660 11.5893 grams 0.001 GRAVEL_PCT Gravel content in percent dry weight of the sample (particles with nominal diameters greater than 2 mm; -1 Phi and coarser). USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0 5.75 percent 0.01 SAND_PCT Sand content in percent dry weight of the sample (particles with nominal diameters less than 2 mm, but greater than or equal to 0.0625 mm; 0 Phi through 4 Phi). USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 6.48 64.72 percent 0.01 SILT_PCT Silt content in percent dry weight of the sample (particles with nominal diameters less than 0.0625 mm, but greater than or equal to 0.004 mm; 5 Phi through 8 Phi, inclusive). USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 23.48 78.19 percent 0.01 CLAY_PCT Clay content in percent dry weight of the sample (particles with nominal diameters less than 0.004 mm; 9 Phi and finer). USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 3.82 47.89 percent 0.01 CLASSIFICATION Sediment description based on a rigorous definition, usually Shepard (1954) as modified by Schlee (1973) and Poppe and others ( 2005). USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary clayey silt Sediment whose main phase is silt, but with significant clay. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary sand silt clay Sediment with significant (over 20 percent) sand, silt, and clay Producer defined silty clay Sediment whose main phase is clay, but with significant silt. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary sandy silt Sediment whose main phase is silt, but with significant sand. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary silty sand Sediment whose main phase is silt, but with significant sand. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary sand Sediment whose main phase is less than 2 mm, but greater than or equal to 0.062 mm. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary gravelly sediment Sediment with gravel component equal to or greater than 10 percent, but less than 50 percent USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary clay Sediment whose main phase is less than 0.004 mm. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary clayey sand Sediment whose main phase is sand, but with significant clay. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary silt Sediment whose main phase is less than 2 mm but greater than or equal to 0.0625 mm; 0 phi through 4 phi USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary MEDIAN Middle point in the grain size distribution in phi units. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 2.39 7.88 phi 0.01 MEAN Average value in the grain size distribution in phi units. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 3.03 7.01 phi 0.01 STDEV Standard deviation (root mean square of the deviations) of the grain size distribution in phi units (sorting). USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 1.57 2.78 phi 0.01 SKEWNESS Skewness (deviation from symmetrical form) of the grain size distribution in phi units. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary -2.24 5.17 phi 0.01 KURTOSIS Kurtosis (degree of curvature near the mode) of the grain size distribution in phi units. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.13 3.03 phi 0.01 PHI11 11 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 11 Phi fraction and finer (nominal diameter of particles less than 0.001 mm); fine clay. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.00 13.17 percent 0.01 PHI10 10 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 10 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.001 mm, but less than 0.002 mm); medium clay. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.00 18.26 percent 0.01 PHI9 9 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 9 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.002 mm, but less than 0.004 mm); coarse clay. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 1.90 28.62 percent 0.01 PHI8 8 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 8 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.004 mm, but less than 0.008 mm); very fine silt. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 4.08 29.90 percent 0.01 PHI7 7 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 7 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.008 mm, but less than 0.016 mm); fine silt. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 3.35 24.82 percent 0.01 PHI6 6 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 6 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.016 mm, but less than 0.031 mm); medium silt. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 1.14 25.28 percent 0.01 PHI5 5 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 5 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.031 mm, but less than 0.0625 mm); coarse silt. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.79 53.40 percent 0.01 PHI4 4 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 4 Phi fraction (nominal diameters of particles greater than or equal to .0625 mm, but less than 0.125 mm); very fine sand. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 6.42 27.91 percent 0.01 PHI3 3 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 3 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.125 mm, but less than 0.25 mm); fine sand. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.02 16.66 percent 0.01 PHI2 2 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 2 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.25 mm, but less than 0.5 mm); medium sand. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.01 26.88 percent 0.01 PHI1 1 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 1 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, but less than 1 mm); coarse sand. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.00 9.87 percent 0.01 PHI0 0 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 0 Phi fraction (nominal diameters of particles greater than or equal to 1 mm, but less than 2 mm); very coarse sand. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.00 1.18 percent 0.01 PHIm1 -1 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the -1 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 2 mm, but less than 4 mm); very fine pebbles (granules). USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.00 1.28 percent 0.01 PHIm2 -2 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the -2 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 4 mm, but less than 8 mm); fine pebbles. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.00 4.47 percent 0.01 PHIm3 -3 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the -3 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 8 mm, but less than 16 mm); medium pebbles. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.00 0.00 percent 0.01 PHIm4 -4 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the -4 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 16 mm, but less than 32 mm); coarse pebbles. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.00 0.00 percent 0.01 PHIm5 -5 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the -5 Phi fraction and coarser (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 32 mm); very coarse pebbles, cobbles, and boulders. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.00 0.00 percent 0.01 ANALYST Analyst who performed grain size laboratory analysiss Producer Defined ARP Allison R. Paquette Producer defined DATA QUALITY GRADE Samples are assigned a quality grade based on the examination of the analytical data. Data quality grades may be determined by several factors, and any comments or notes about the data for a particular sample are included in the results table for that sample under "comments". Quality grades for sample data that do not have any additional comments are assigned based on the calculated percent difference between the weights of the coarse fraction remaining after wet sieving and the sum of all of the weighed fractions after dry sieving the coarse fraction, indicating an estimated differing amount of material which could skew the calculated grain size results. Producer Defined A Coarse fraction percent differences between 0% and ±1.5% Producer defined B Coarse fraction percent differences between ±1.5% and ±3% Producer defined D Coarse fraction percent differences between percent differences greater than ±4.5% Producer defined C Coarse fraction percent differences between ±3% and ±4.5% Producer defined GRADE QUALIFIER Scientist who determined the data quality grade of sample Producer Defined BJB Brian J. Buczkowski Producer defined JDC Jason D. Chaytor Producer defined COMMENTS Information about percent difference between initial calculated coarse fraction (3 phi and coarser) weight and the sum of the sieved and weighed coarse material. Producer Defined << empty cell >> No comments given for sample by grade qualifier Producer defined character string; statement of justification for data quality grade Finalized undrained grain size data was taken from a master table of calculations and compiled into three CSV (comma-separated value)spreadsheet files pertaining to each core type (piston, trigger, and acoustic cores). U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing and physical

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov The dataset includes the data files (EN577_GrainSize_PistonCores.csv, EN577_GrainSize_TriggerCores.csv, EN577_GrainSize_AcousticCores.csv), the browse graphic (MudPatchCores_BrowseGraphic.png) and the FGDC CSDGM metadata in XML format (EN577_GrainSize_Metadata.xml). Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. CSV Microsoft Excel 2008 Comma separated value spreadsheet 1.32 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/60551970d34e1894882d0a38 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/60551970d34e1894882d0a38 https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZYK3PX The first link is to download the data in a ZIP file. The second link is to the dataset landing page where files can be downloaded individually. The third link is to the main landing page of the data release. None 20230522 Allyson A Boggess U.S. Geological Survey, NORTHEAST REGION Geologist mailing address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 US 508-548-8700 x2341 508-457-2310 whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the metadata contact is no longer with the USGS or the email is otherwise invalid. FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998