Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2015 Title: One meter mosaic of acoustic backscatter data acquired using an EdgeTech 4200 and Klein 3000 sidescan sonar within Barnegat Bay New Jersey by the U.S. Geological Survey in 2011, 2012, and 2013 (GeoTIFF image, UTM 18N, WGS 84) Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Series_Information: Series_Name: Data Series Issue_Identification: 937 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ds937 Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0937/downloads/raster/backscatter/BarnBayBS_1m.zip Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Brian D. Andrews Originator: Jennifer L. Miselis Originator: William W. Danforth Originator: Barry J. Irwin Originator: Charles R. Worley Originator: Emile M. Bergeron Originator: Dann S. Blackwood Publication_Date: 2015 Title: Marine geophysical data collected in a shallow back-barrier estuary: Barnegat Bay, New Jersey Edition: 1.1 Series_Information: Series_Name: Data Series Issue_Identification: 937 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds937 Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0937/ Description: Abstract: In 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in partnership with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection began a multidisciplinary research project to better understand the water quality in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey. This back-barrier estuary is flushed by only three inlets and is experiencing degraded water quality, algal blooms, loss of seagrass, and increases in oxygen stress, macro algae, stinging nettles, and brown tide. The scale of the estuary and the scope of the problems within it necessitate a multidisciplinary approach that includes establishing the regional geology, its physical characteristics, and modeling how the estuary's morphology interacts to affect its water quality. Scientists from USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program offices in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and St. Petersburg, Florida, began mapping the sea floor of the Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor estuary in November 2011 and completed in September 2013. With funding from the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and logistical support from the USGS New Jersey Water Science Center, they collected data with a suite of geophysical tools, including swath bathymetric sonar for measuring sea floor depth, a sidescan sonar for collecting acoustic-backscatter data (which provides information about sea floor texture and sediment type), subbottom profiler for imaging sediment layers beneath the floor of the estuary, and sediment samples with bottom photographs for ground validation of the acoustic data. More information about the individual surveys conducted as part of the Barnegat Bay Project can be found on the Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Field activity webpages: 2011-041-FA: http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2011-041-FA 2012-003-FA: http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2012-003-FA 2013-014-FA: http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2013-014-FA 2013-030-FA: http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2013-030-FA Purpose: This mosaic of acoustic backscatter will be used to interpret the sediment composition of Barnegat Bay and assist in understanding the regional geology. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20111101 Ending_Date: 20130326 Currentness_Reference: ground condition of individual surveys during backscatter collection: 20111101-20111107; 20120321-20120408; 20130313-20130326. Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.194044 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.042018 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.092154 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.730679 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:22edd3aa-8c00-4f7a-9c66-96d7ea8677a0 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: RV Rafael Theme_Keyword: Backscatter Theme_Keyword: Marine Geology Theme_Keyword: sidescan-sonar Theme_Keyword: Klein 3000 Theme_Keyword: EdgeTech 4200 Theme_Keyword: field activity serial number 2011-041-FA Theme_Keyword: field activity serial number 2012-003-FA Theme_Keyword: field activity serial number 2013-014-FA Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: sea-floor acoustic reflectivity Theme_Keyword: image mosaics Theme_Keyword: sidescan sonar Theme_Keyword: marine geophysics Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: United States of America Place_Keyword: State of New Jersey Place_Keyword: Barnegat Bay Place_Keyword: Metedeconk River Place_Keyword: Mantoloking Place_Keyword: Toms River Place_Keyword: Forked River Place_Keyword: Barnegat Inlet Place_Keyword: Tuckerton Place_Keyword: Little Egg Harbor Place_Keyword: Little Egg Inlet Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Stratum_Keyword: sea floor Stratum_Keyword: seafloor Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Temporal_Keyword: 2011 Temporal_Keyword: 2012 Temporal_Keyword: 2013 Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: none Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Brian Andrews Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: BarnBayBS_1m.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Thumbnail image of backscatter collected with Barnegat Bay, NJ. The file is included in the compressed zip file. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Data_Set_Credit: Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows Vista Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.4095 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: William W. Danforth Publication_Date: 1997 Title: XSonar/ShowImage: A complete system for rapid sidescan-sonar processing and display. Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 97-686 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0686/report.pdf Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Valerie Paskevich Publication_Date: 1996 Title: MAPIT: An improved method for mapping digital sidescan sonar data using the Woods Hole Image Processing System (WHIPS) Software Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 96-281 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0281/report.pdf Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Image pixel values contain acoustic reflectivity values normalized to an 8-bit range (0-255). Low-backscatter is represented by dark tones (low values) and high-backscatter is represented by bright tones (high values). No data value = 0. Logical_Consistency_Report: Acoustic data were collected using a Klein 3000 dual frequency (132/455 kHz) sidescan sonar during USGS Survey 2011-041-FA. During the remaining 3 surveys (2012-003-FA, 2013-014-FA and 2013-030-FA) an EdgeTech 4200 dual frequency (100/400 kHz) sidescan sonar was used to collect acoustic backscatter. Only the low frequency data (132/100 kHz) were processed and included in this mosaic. Completeness_Report: This mosaic includes data collected during USGS Field Activities 2011-041-FA, 2012-003-FA, and 2013-014-FA. A separate mosaic (LittleEggHbrMos1m.tiff)covers Little Egg Harbor collected during 2013-030-FA. This mosaic does not include all acoustic backscatter collected using the Klein 3000 and EdgeTech 4200 sidescan sonars. Data collected along some transit and seismic tie lines, and other lines of poor quality are not included in this mosaic. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Navigation for these data were recorded using a Hemisphere DPGS receiver located on top of the cabin house of the R/V Rafael. Offsets between the antenna and sidescan towfish (layback) were measured and recorded in the Klein SonarPro acquisition software (v. 10.0) and SonarWiz (v. 7.02). The DGPS is accurate to within 1-2 meters. A conservative estimate of the horizontal accuracy of this backscatter mosaic is 2-3 meters. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: Unpublished Material Title: raw sidescan files Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Type_of_Source_Media: disc Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20111101 Ending_Date: 20130326 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition of individual surveys during backscatter collection: 20111101-20111107; 20120321-20120408; 20130313-20130326. Source_Citation_Abbreviation: raw sidescan files Source_Contribution: During USGS Survey 2011-041-FA a Klein 3000 sidescan sonar operating at a frequency of 132 and 445 kHz was used. During the remaining two surveys (2012-003-FA, 2013-014-FA), backscatter data were collected using an EdgeTech 4200 operating on a frequency of 100 and 400 kHz. The Klein and EdgeTech sonars were towed from the port side of the R/V Rafael approximately 1.5 m astern. Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 1: Convert raw sidescan files to XSonar format. During 2011-041-FA sidescan sonar files were collected using a Klein 3000 sidescan sonar and recorded using the eXtended Triton Format (xtf). The remaining three surveys (2012-003-FA, 2013-014-FA, and 2013-030-FA) used an EdgeTech 4200 sidescan sonar and recorded files using the Jason Special Format (jsf). The first step in processing backscatter data is the same for both raw data types. Using XSonar/ShowImage software (v. 2.0) (Danforth 1997) the raw line files were converted (Demultiplexed) to XSonar format using a 50-m range (100 meter swath) and navigation was extracted at intervals of 30 seconds. During this conversion an across track filter of 4 and along track filter of 3 pixels were used to smooth the backscatter values. In addition, a normalization of 4095 (out of 16-bit range of 65,536) was applied to produce a *.d file for each input line file. During the demultiplex operation a static value of 2-meters was used to search for the first bottom return. Next the slant range correction routine was run on each *.d file to produce a corrected *.ds file. Each file was reviewed in ShowImage (v. 1.0) to ensure that the bottom picks and slant range were correct and manually adjusted if required. Next a beam pattern correction was applied to each .ds file to produce a *.dsb file. The beam pattern corrections used a ping overlap of 75 for each 150 lines (scans) of the sonar. A weighted tone adjustment was also applied during this step. The final step in XSonar produces separate raster (.*.ras) files at 1.0 meter resolution in UTM Zone 18 WGS 84 coordinates for even and odd lines. Process_Date: 201303 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Brian Andrews Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 2: XSonar to TIFF conversion: Each *.ras file was converted to a raw raster file (*.raw) at a resolution of 1-m per pixel. The 80-byte header for each *ras raster file was removed and the images were converted to a raster (.raw) file with the command: dd if=filename.ras of=filename.raw bs=80 skip=1. The resulting rasters (.raw) were converted to a TIFF using Adobe Photoshop (ver. 10.0.1). Process_Date: 201303 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Brian Andrews Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 3: Create Mosaic: A PCI Geomatica (v. 10.1) project was created using the "mosaic only option" The mosaics of odd and even lines were imported into PCI Geomatica to be digitally mosaicked together using PCI's OrthoEngine and procedures described in Paskevich 1996. The mosaicking process produces an enhanced, geographically correct, sidescan-sonar mosaic with 1 meter/pixel resolution. Mosaics were created for each Julian Day and then mosaicked into a master mosaic for the entire survey. The composite mosaic was exported as a GeoTIFF image. Process_Date: 20140324 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Brian Andrews Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Step 4: Changed incorrect data download links in the Online Linkage and Network_Resource_Name sections. Process_Date: 20160628 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Brian Andrews Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section. Process_Date: 20180720 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata. Process_Date: 20191115 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20200908 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Row_Count: 40000 Column_Count: 12600 Vertical_Count: 1 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 18 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -75.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 1.000000 Ordinate_Resolution: 1.000000 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: There are no attributes associated with a GeoTIFF image. Image pixel values contain acoustic-reflectivity values (DN) normalized to an 8-bit data range (0-255) with the data range 1-255 (no data value is 0). Low-backscatter is represented by dark tones (low values) and high-backscatter is represented by bright tones (high values). The data mean DN value for this mosaic is 4.4 with a standard deviation of 11.4. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Brian Andrews Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bandrews@usgs.gov Resource_Description: BarnBayBS_1m.zip: contains BarnBayBS_1m.tif, BarnBayBS_1m.jpg browse graphic, and the associated FGDC compliant metadata. In addition an ArcGIS (v. 9.3.1) Layer file "BarnegatBay Backscatter.lyr" is included to store a suitable symbology for all three backscatter mosaics in this publication. The backscatter mosaics BarnBayBS_10m.tif, LittleEggHbrBS_1m.tif, and BarnegatBayInletsBS_1m.tif must be uncompressed to the same folder as the layer file before the layer file will draw correctly. Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: GeoTIFF Format_Version_Number: PCI Geomatica 10.1 Format_Specification: GeoTIFF image Format_Information_Content: WinZip (v. 14.0) file contains a GeoTIFF image and associated metadata of sidescan-sonar data collected in Barnegat Bay, NJ. File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip Transfer_Size: 53.0 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0937/downloads/raster/backscatter/BarnBayBS_1m.zip Fees: none Technical_Prerequisites: This Zip file contains a compressed GeoTIFF image. The user must have software capable of uncompressing the zip file and viewing a GeoTIFF image. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20240318 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Brian Andrews Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2348 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240318) Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time