Bradford Butman Page C. Valentine William W. Danforth 2007 1.0 remote-sensing image Data Series 99 Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program https://doi.org/10.3133/ds99 http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/99/massbay_gis/2_multibeam/imagery/mb_bathygs10m.zip http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/99/webpages/massbay.html Butman, Bradford Valentine, Page C. Middleton, Tammie J. Danforth, William W. 2007 1.0 Data Series 99 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/99/ The U.S. Geological Survey has conducted geologic mapping to characterize the sea floor offshore of Massachusetts. The mapping was carried out using a Simrad Subsea EM 1000 Multibeam Echo Sounder on the Frederick G. Creed on four cruises conducted between 1994 and 1998. The mapping was conducted in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and with support from the Canadian Hydrographic Service and the University of New Brunswick. The long-term goal of this mapping effort is to produce high-resolution geologic maps and a Geographic Information System (GIS) project that presents images and grids of bathymetry, shaded relief bathymetry, and backscatter intensity data from these surveys that will serve the needs of research, management and the public. This GeoTIFF (Tagged Image File Format) image shows multibeam bathymetry in Massachusetts Bay as grayscale at 10-m resolution. Range is -200 m (0, black) to 0 m (255, white). 1994 1998 ground condition Complete None planned -70.788907 -70.599983 42.322212 42.203333 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:d6263276-03ba-4be0-a8d2-00d225e91a0f None bathymetry gray-scale bathymetry multibeam image GeoTIFF 10-m resolution sea floor sea floor mapping USGS Map I-2734 Simrad EM 1000 Frederick G. Creed Woods Hole Science Center WHSC Coastal and Marine Geology Program CMGP U.S. Geological Survey USGS ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans elevation imageryBaseMapsEarthCover USGS Thesaurus sea-floor characteristics marine geophysics geospatial datasets multibeam sonar None Massachusetts Massachusetts Bay Boston Gloucester Stellwagen Basin Stellwagen Bank Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary SBNMS Jeffreys Ledge MWRA ocean outfall MWRA Massachusetts Bay Disposal Site MBDS Tillies Bank Race Point Channel Gulf of Maine United States North Atlantic Ocean None Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. U.S. Geological Survey Bradford Butman Oceanographer mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA (508) 548-8700 x2212 (508) 457-2309 bbutman@usgs.gov 8 a.m. - 5 p.m. Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1.0.780 There are no attributes associated with a GeoTIFF image. Information unavailable from original metadata. These data are complete. No further processing and/or modifications will be made to these data. These data were navigated with a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS); they are accurate to +/- 3 meters, horizontally. These data have been corrected for vessel motion (roll, pitch, heave, yaw) and tidal offsets, and referenced to mean lower low water. The theoretical vertical resolution of the Simrad EM-1000 multibeam echosounder is 1 % of water depth; roughly 30 - 50 cm within the study area. U.S. Gelogical Survey Unpublished Material Information unavailable from original metadata. 1994 1998 ground condition Information unavailable from original metadata. Information unavailable from original metadata. A suite of processing software (called SwathEd) (www.omg.unb.ca/~jhc/SwathEd.html), developed by the Ocean Mapping Group at the University of New Brunswick, Canada, was used to process and grid the multibeam bathymetric soundings and produce shaded-relief images. The metadata for the grids describes the processing steps applied to the navigation and bathymetric soundings. The following processing steps produced the grayscale image of depth values: 1. Anomalous soundings which were not edited in the field were removed using SwathEd (see metadata for bathymetric grids for description). 2. Create a grayscale image from the binary swathed grids that depicts the depth range. For this we used a low value of -200 (black) and a high value of 0 (white): Command line: r4to8bit -low -200 -high 0 gridFile.r4 gridFile.8bit 3. Create a tiff from the grayscale depth image using the netpbm utilities (http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/): Command line: rawtopgm -headerskip 1024 image_width image_height gridFile.8bit | pnmtotiff -none - > grayscaleDepths.tif 4. Create an ESRI world file (tfw) for the mosaic tiff image for import to ArcView or ArcGIS. Copy bounding box and resolution from the jview program output to the .tfw file. Command line: jview gridFile.8bit Unknown U.S. Geological Survey Tammie J. Middleton mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA (508) 548-8700 (508) 457-2310 Reprocessing to correct projection error An error in the UNB processing software that resulted in the multibeam observations not being properly projected onto a plane was discovered in 2003. These software errors were corrected and the data re-gridded. The images of backscatter intensity in the Stellwagen Bank region presented here may differ from preliminary versions included in the following publications: Butman, B., and Lindsay, J.A. (Eds.), 1999, A marine GIS Library for Massachusetts Bay: focusing on Disposal sites, Contaminated Sediments, and Sea Floor Mapping: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-439, 1 CD-ROM. (Also available on line at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of99-439/start.htm) Gutierrez, B.T., Butman, Bradford, and Blackwood, D.S., 2001, Photographs of the sea floor of western Massachusetts Bay, offshore of Boston, Massachusetts, July 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-427, 1 CD-ROM. (Also available on line at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of00-427/) Valentine, P.C., Middleton, T., and Fuller, S., 2001, Maps showing sea floor topography, sun-illuminated sea floor topography, and backscatter intensity of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region off Boston, Massachusetts: USGS Open-File Report #00-410, 1 CD-ROM, scale 1:60,000. (Also available on line at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of00-410/) Unknown William Danforth U.S. Geological Survey Operational Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA (508) 548-8700 x2274 (508) 457-2310 bdanforth@usgs.gov Image shifted 1/2 grid cell to northwest (using the ArcMap/Data Management Tools/Projections and Transformations/Raster/Shift tool) to correct for an error identified in the SwathEd gridding algorithm in 2007. Correct world file. 200702 mb_bathygs10m.tif mb_bathygs10m.tfw William Danforth U.S. Geological Survey Operational Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA (508) 548-8700 x2274 (508) 457-2310 bdanforth@usgs.gov Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.30 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). The source information was incomplete and had to be modified to meet the standard. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. 20151118 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section. 20180720 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata. 20191115 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. 20200908 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Raster Pixel 8060 7220 1 Mercator 41.650000 -70.316667 0.000000 0.000000 row and column 10.000000 10.000000 meters North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137.000000 298.257222 Band_1 Information unavailable from original metadata. Information unavailable from original metadata. ObjectID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Bradford Butman U.S. Geological Survey Oceanographer mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole Massachusetts 02543-1598 USA (508) 548-8700 x2212 (508) 457-2309 bbutman@usgs.gov 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST Downloadable Data Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. TIFF Information unavailable from original metadata. GeoTIFF A zip archive containing the GeoTIFF image, associated world file, and metadata. zip archive 6.56 http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/99/massbay_gis/2_multibeam/imagery/mb_bathygs10m.zip Data may be downloaded via the World Wide Web. DVD-ROM 4.75 Gbytes UDF None This image is available as a GeoTIFF image with an accompanying world file. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image. U.S. Geological Survey Information Services mailing address

Box 25286 Denver Federal Center

Denver Colorado 80225-0046 USA (303) 202-4700 (303) 202-4188 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Mountain Time Downloadable Data Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. TIFF Information unavailable from original metadata. GeoTIFF A zip archive containing the GeoTIFF image, associated world file, and metadata. zip archive 6.56 DVD-ROM 4.75 Gbytes UDF None This image is available as a GeoTIFF image with an accompanying world file. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image. 20211111 Bradford Butman U.S. Geological Survey Oceanographer mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 (508) 548-8700 x2212 whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the metadata contact is no longer with the USGS FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time None None