Bradford Butman
William W. Danforth
2007
6-m resolution gray-scale image of multibeam backscatter intensity in western Massachusetts Bay map Quadrangle 2 (Q2_BACKGS.TIF)
1.0
remote-sensing image
Data Series
99
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
https://doi.org/10.3133/ds99
https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/99/massbay_gis/2_multibeam/imagery/q2_backgs.zip
https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/99/webpages/quad2.html
Butman, Bradford
Valentine, Page C.
Middleton, Tammie J.
Danforth, William W.
2007
A GIS Library of Multibeam Data for Massachusetts Bay and the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, Offshore of Boston, Massachusetts
1.0
Data Series
99
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/99/
The U.S. Geological Survey has conducted geologic mapping to characterize the sea floor offshore of Massachusetts. The mapping was carried out using a Simrad Subsea EM 1000 Multibeam Echo Sounder on the Frederick G. Creed on four cruises conducted between 1994 and 1998. The mapping was conducted in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and with support from the Canadian Hydrographic Service and the University of New Brunswick.
The long-term goal of this mapping effort is to produce high-resolution geologic maps and a Geographic Information System (GIS) project that presents images and grids of bathymetry, shaded relief bathymetry, and backscatter intensity data from these surveys that will serve the needs of research, management and the public.
This GeoTIFF (Tagged Image File Format) image shows multibeam backscatter intensity in western Massachusetts Bay map Quadrangle 2 as grayscale at 6-m resolution.
1994
1998
ground condition
None planned
-70.788907
-70.599983
42.322212
42.203333
USGS Metadata Identifier
USGS:0637f779-7eba-426a-bb5a-c339e2fafc1d
None
backscatter intensity
gray scale backscatter intensity
multibeam
image
GeoTIFF
6-m resolution
sea floor
sea floor mapping
USGS Map I-2732
Simrad
EM 1000
Frederick G. Creed
Woods Hole Science Center
WHSC
Coastal and Marine Geology Program
CMGP
U.S. Geological Survey
USGS
ISO 19115 Topic Category
oceans
geoscientificInformation
imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
USGS Thesaurus
sea-floor acoustic reflectivity
image mosaics
multibeam sonar
marine geophysics
geospatial datasets
None
Massachusetts Bay
western Massachusetts Bay
western Massachusetts Bay map Quadrangle 2
Boston
Massachusetts
Stellwagen Basin
MWRA ocean outfall
MWRA
Gulf of Maine
United States
North Atlantic Ocean
None
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information.
U.S. Geological Survey
Bradford Butman
Oceanographer
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Rd
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700 x2212
(508) 457-2309
bbutman@usgs.gov
8 a.m. - 5 p.m.
Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1.0.780
There are no attributes associated with a GeoTIFF image.
Information unavailable from original metadata.
These data are complete. No further processing and/or modifications will be made to these data.
These data were navigated with a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS); they are accurate to +/- 3 meters, horizontally.
U.S. Geological Survey
Unpublished Material
Multibeam survey data collected by USGS in western Massachusetts Bay map quadrangle 2, 1994-1998
Information unavailable from original metadata.
1994
1998
ground condition
Information unavailable from original metadata.
Information unavailable from original metadata.
A suite of processing software (called SwathEd) (www.omg.unb.ca/~jhc/SwathEd.html), developed by the Ocean Mapping Group at the University of New Brunswick, Canada, was used to process and grid the multibeam bathymetric soundings and produce shaded-relief images. The metadata for the grids describes the processing steps applied to the navigation and bathymetric soundings. The following processing steps produced the grayscale image of backscatter intensity:
1. Anomalous soundings which were not edited in the field were removed using SwathEd (see metadata for bathymetric grids for description).
2. Create a blank 8 bit map file:
Command line: make_blank mosaic_file
This command commences a dialog to enable an 8 bit image and input the map boundaries and resolution. Then the "blank" file is copied to two files required by the mosaic program:
Command line: cp mosaic_file.blank mosaic_file.mos
Command line: cp mosaic_file.blank mosaic_file.ran
3. Create backscatter files that can be then mosaicked from the backscatter time series:
Command line: getBeamPattern filename (prefix only)
Command line: makess -pixel 3.0 -beam_patt beampatt filename (prefix only) output.ss
Command line: glfill output.ss output.ss_fill (fills in data dropouts).
4. Mosaic all the backscatter files created in the last step (for each output.ss_fill).
Command line: mos2 -autoseam -maxazi 10 -maxdist 10 mosaic_file output.ss_fill
5. Use a two point linear contrast stretch to enhance the shaded relief image:
Command line: stretchacres -low 180 -high 220 -in mosaic_file -out mosaic_file.stretch
6. Create a tiff from the backscatter mosaic file using the netpbm utilities (http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/):
Command line: rawtopgm -headerskip 1024 image_width image_height mosaic_file.stretch | pnmtotiff -none - > mosaic_pseudo.tif
7. Create an ESRI world file (tfw) for the mosaic tiff image for import to ArcView or ArcGIS. Copy bounding box and resolution from the jview program output to the .tfw file.
Command line: jview mosaic_file.stretch
Unknown
William Danforth
U.S. Geological Survey
Operational Geologist
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700 x2274
(508) 457-2310
bdanforth@usgs.gov
8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST
Image shifted 1/2 grid cell to northwest (using the ArcMap/Data Management Tools/Projections and Transformations/Raster/Shift tool) to correct for an error identified in the SwathEd gridding algorithm in 2007. Correct world file.
200702
q2_backgs.tif
q2_backgs.tfw
William Danforth
U.S. Geological Survey
Operational Geologist
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700 x2274
(508) 457-2310
bdanforth@usgs.gov
Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.36 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). Attempted to modify http to https where appropriate. The source information was incomplete and had to be modified to meet the standard. Minor fixes to the attribute format for some attributes were needed. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent.
20170206
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section.
20180720
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata.
20191115
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.
20200908
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
Raster
Pixel
2237
3934
1
Mercator
41.650000
-70.316667
0.000000
0.000000
row and column
6.000000
6.000000
meters
North American Datum of 1983
Geodetic Reference System 80
6378137.000000
298.257222
Band_1
Information unavailable from original metadata.
Information unavailable from original metadata.
ObjectID
Internal feature number.
ESRI
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Bradford Butman
U.S. Geological Survey
Oceanographer
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
Massachusetts
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700 x2212
(508) 457-2309
bbutman@usgs.gov
8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST
Downloadable Data
Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials.
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
TIFF
Information unavailable from original metadata.
GeoTIFF
A zip archive containing the GeoTIFF image, associated world file, and metadata.
zip archive
5
https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/99/massbay_gis/2_multibeam/imagery/q2_backgs.zip
Data may be downloaded via the World Wide Web.
DVD-ROM
4.75
Gbytes
UDF
None
This image is available as a GeoTIFF image with an accompanying world file. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image.
U.S. Geological Survey Information Services
mailing address
Box 25286 Denver Federal Center
Denver
Colorado
80225-0046
USA
(303) 202-4700
(303) 202-4188
8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Mountain Time
Downloadable Data
Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials.
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
TIFF
Information unavailable from original metadata.
GeoTIFF
A zip archive containing the GeoTIFF image, associated world file, and metadata.
zip archive
DVD-ROM
4.75
Gbytes
UDF
None
This image is available as a GeoTIFF image with an accompanying world file. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image.
20240318
Bradford Butman
U.S. Geological Survey
Oceanographer
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
(508) 548-8700 x2212
whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240318)
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998
local time
None
None