Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Bradford Butman Originator: William W. Danforth Publication_Date: 2007 Title: 6-m resolution image of shaded relief multibeam bathymetry in western Massachusetts Bay map Quadrangle 2, pseudo-colored by backscatter intensity (Q2_BACKPC.TIF) Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ds99 Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/99/massbay_gis/2_multibeam/imagery/q2_backpc.zip Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/99/webpages/quad2.html Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Butman, Bradford Originator: Valentine, Page C. Originator: Middleton, Tammie J. Originator: Danforth, William W. Publication_Date: 2007 Title: A GIS Library of Multibeam Data for Massachusetts Bay and the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, Offshore of Boston, Massachusetts Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map, raster digital data, remote-sensing image, tabular digital data, vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: Data Series Issue_Identification: 99 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/99/ Description: Abstract: The U.S. Geological Survey has conducted geologic mapping to characterize the sea floor offshore of Massachusetts. The mapping was carried out using a Simrad Subsea EM 1000 Multibeam Echo Sounder on the Frederick G. Creed on four cruises conducted between 1994 and 1998. The mapping was conducted in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and with support from the Canadian Hydrographic Service and the University of New Brunswick. The long-term goal of this mapping effort is to produce high-resolution geologic maps and a Geographic Information System (GIS) project that presents images and grids of bathymetry, shaded relief bathymetry, and backscatter intensity data from these surveys that will serve the needs of research, management and the public. Purpose: This GeoTIFF (Tagged Image File Format) image shows pseudo-colored multibeam backscatter intensity in western Massachusetts Bay map Quadrangle 2 at 6-m resolution. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1994 Ending_Date: 1998 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.788907 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.599983 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.322212 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.203333 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:58eb1f69-6e86-4d4b-b0cf-0f4d128e5e7e Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: backscatter intensity Theme_Keyword: pseudo-colored backscatter intensity Theme_Keyword: multibeam Theme_Keyword: image Theme_Keyword: GeoTIFF Theme_Keyword: 6-m resolution Theme_Keyword: sea floor Theme_Keyword: sea floor mapping Theme_Keyword: USGS Map I-2732 Theme_Keyword: Simrad Theme_Keyword: EM 1000 Theme_Keyword: Frederick G. Creed Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHSC Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: sea-floor characteristics Theme_Keyword: multibeam sonar Theme_Keyword: marine geophysics Theme_Keyword: computational methods Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Massachusetts Bay Place_Keyword: western Massachusetts Bay Place_Keyword: western Massachusetts Bay map Quadrangle 2 Place_Keyword: Boston Place_Keyword: Massachusetts Place_Keyword: Stellwagen Basin Place_Keyword: MWRA ocean outfall Place_Keyword: MWRA Place_Keyword: Gulf of Maine Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: North Atlantic Ocean Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Bradford Butman Contact_Position: Oceanographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2212 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2309 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bbutman@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 a.m. - 5 p.m. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1.0.780 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Butman, Bradford Originator: Hayes, Laura Originator: Danforth, William W. Publication_Date: 2003 Title: Backscatter intensity and shaded relief of Quadrangle 2 in western Massachusetts Bay offshore of Boston, Massachusetts Series_Information: Series_Name: Geologic Investigations Series Map Issue_Identification: I-2732-C Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2732c/ Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: No attributes are associated with these data. Logical_Consistency_Report: These data are logically consistent. Completeness_Report: These data are complete. No further processing and/or modifications will be made to these data. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: These data were navigated with a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS); they are accurate to +/- 3 meters, horizontally. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: Unpublished Material Title: Multibeam survey data collected by USGS in western Massachusetts Bay map quadrangle 2, 1994-1998 Type_of_Source_Media: Information unavailable from original metadata. Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1994 Ending_Date: 1998 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Information unavailable from original metadata. Source_Contribution: Information unavailable from original metadata. Process_Step: Process_Description: A suite of processing software (called SwathEd) (www.omg.unb.ca/~jhc/SwathEd.html), developed by the Ocean Mapping Group at the University of New Brunswick (UNB), Canada, was used to process and grid the multibeam bathymetric soundings and backscatter intensity data, and to produce images. The metadata for the grids describes the processing steps applied to the navigation and bathymetric soundings. The following processing steps produced the shaded relief image of bathymetry, colored by backscatter intensity: 1. Create backscatter files that can be then mosaicked from the backscatter time series: Command line: getBeamPattern filename (prefix only) Command line: makess -pixel 3.0 -beam_patt beampatt filename (prefix only) output.ss Command line: glfill output.ss output.ss_fill (fills in data dropouts). 2. Mosaic all the backscatter files created in the last step (for each output.ss_fill), and then use a two point linear contrast stretch to enhance the backscatter image. Command line: mos2 -autoseam -maxazi 10 -maxdist 10 mosaic_file output.ss_fill Command line: stretchacres -low 180 -high 220 -in mosaic_file -out mosaic_file.stretch 3. Create a shaded relief image of the bathymetry using SwathEd routine addSUN (sun elevation of 45 degrees from 350, vertically exaggerating 4 times). Command line: addSUN -elev 45 -azi350 -vert_exag 4.0 gridFile.r4 filename.shade 4. Use a two point linear contrast stretch to enhance the shaded relief image: Command line: stretchacres -low 150 -high 200 -in filename.shade -out filename_shade.stretch 5. Create an image of shaded-relief topography, colored by backscatter intensity: Command line: mix_ci -c mosaic_file.stretch -i filename_shade.stretch -m mosaic_file.pseudo 6. Create a tiff from the psuedocolored backscatter mosaic file using the netpbm utilities (http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/): Command line: rawtopgm -headerskip 1024 image_width image_height mosaic_file.pseudo | pnmtotiff -none - > mosaic_pseudo.tif 7. Create an ESRI world file (tfw) for the pseudocolored backscatter intensity image for import to ArcView or ArcGIS. Copy bounding box and resolution information from the jview program output to the .tfw file. Command line: jview mosaic_file.pseudo Process_Date: Unknown Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: William Danforth Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Operational Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2274 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bdanforth@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST Process_Step: Process_Description: Image shifted 1/2 grid cell to northwest (using the ArcMap/Data Management Tools/Projections and Transformations/Raster/Shift tool) to correct for an error identified in the SwathEd gridding algorithm in 2007. Correct world file. Process_Date: 200702 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: William Danforth Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Operational Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2274 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bdanforth@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.36 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). Attempted to modify http to https where appropriate. The source information was incomplete and had to be modified to meet the standard. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. Process_Date: 20170206 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section. Process_Date: 20180720 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata. Process_Date: 20191115 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20200908 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Row_Count: 2237 Column_Count: 3934 Vertical_Count: 1 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: Mercator Mercator: Standard_Parallel: 41.650000 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -70.316667 False_Easting: 0.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 6.000000 Ordinate_Resolution: 6.000000 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Depth_System_Definition: Depth_Datum_Name: Mean lower low water Depth_Resolution: 0.5 Depth_Distance_Units: Meters Depth_Encoding_Method: Explicit depth coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Band_1 Entity_Type_Definition: Information unavailable from original metadata. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Information unavailable from original metadata. Attribute: Attribute_Label: ObjectID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Bradford Butman Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Oceanographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: Massachusetts Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2212 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2309 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bbutman@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Distribution_Liability: Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF Format_Version_Number: Information unavailable from original metadata. Format_Specification: GeoTIFF Format_Information_Content: A zip archive containing the GeoTIFF image, associated world file, and metadata. File_Decompression_Technique: zip archive Transfer_Size: 7 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/99/massbay_gis/2_multibeam/imagery/q2_backpc.zip Access_Instructions: Data may be downloaded via the World Wide Web. Offline_Option: Offline_Media: DVD-ROM Recording_Capacity: Recording_Density: 4.75 Recording_Density_Units: Gbytes Recording_Format: UDF Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: This image is available as a GeoTIFF image with an accompanying world file. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Information Services Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Box 25286 Denver Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 202-4700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (303) 202-4188 Hours_of_Service: 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Mountain Time Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Distribution_Liability: Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF Format_Version_Number: Information unavailable from original metadata. Format_Specification: GeoTIFF Format_Information_Content: A zip archive containing the GeoTIFF image, associated world file, and metadata. File_Decompression_Technique: zip archive Digital_Transfer_Option: Offline_Option: Offline_Media: DVD-ROM Recording_Capacity: Recording_Density: 4.75 Recording_Density_Units: Gbytes Recording_Format: UDF Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: This image is available as a GeoTIFF image with an accompanying world file. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20240318 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Bradford Butman Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Oceanographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2212 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240318) Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Access_Constraints: None Metadata_Use_Constraints: None