Bradford Butman William W. Danforth 2007 1.0 remote-sensing image Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program https://doi.org/10.3133/ds99 https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/99/massbay_gis/2_multibeam/imagery/q3_backgs.zip https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/99/webpages/quad3.html Butman, Bradford Valentine, Page C. Middleton, Tammie J. Danforth, William W. 2007 1.0 map, raster digital data, remote-sensing image, tabular digital data, vector digital data Data Series 99 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/99/ The U.S. Geological Survey has conducted geologic mapping to characterize the sea floor offshore of Massachusetts. The mapping was carried out using a Simrad Subsea EM 1000 Multibeam Echo Sounder on the Frederick G. Creed on four cruises conducted between 1994 and 1998. The mapping was conducted in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and with support from the Canadian Hydrographic Service and the University of New Brunswick. The long-term goal of this mapping effort is to produce high-resolution geologic maps and a Geographic Information System (GIS) project that presents images and grids of bathymetry, shaded relief bathymetry, and backscatter intensity data from these surveys that will serve the needs of research, management and the public. This GeoTIFF (Tagged Image File Format) image shows multibeam backscatter intensity in western Massachusetts Bay map Quadrangle 3 as grayscale at 6-m resolution. 1994 1998 ground condition Complete None planned -70.788907 -70.599983 42.322212 42.203333 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:18dd150c-c13b-474b-9939-dd8257614397 None backscatter intensity gray scale backscatter intensity multibeam image GeoTIFF 6-m resolution sea floor sea floor mapping USGS Map I-2732 Simrad EM 1000 Frederick G. Creed Woods Hole Science Center WHSC Coastal and Marine Geology Program CMGP U.S. Geological Survey USGS ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans geoscientificInformation imageryBaseMapsEarthCover USGS Thesaurus sea-floor acoustic reflectivity image mosaics multibeam sonar marine geophysics geospatial datasets None Massachusetts Bay western Massachusetts Bay western Massachusetts Bay map Quadrangle 3 Boston Gloucester Massachusetts Stellwagen Basin Gulf of Maine United States North Atlantic Ocean None Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. U.S. Geological Survey Bradford Butman Oceanographer mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA (508) 548-8700 x2212 (508) 457-2309 bbutman@usgs.gov 8 a.m. - 5 p.m. Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1.0.780 There are no attributes associated with a GeoTIFF image. Information unavailable from original metadata. These data are complete. No further processing and/or modifications will be made to these data. These data were navigated with a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS); they are accurate to +/- 3 meters, horizontally. U.S. Geological Survey Unpublished Material Information unavailable from original metadata. 1994 1998 ground condition Information unavailable from original metadata. Information unavailable from original metadata. A suite of processing software (called SwathEd) (www.omg.unb.ca/~jhc/SwathEd.html), developed by the Ocean Mapping Group at the University of New Brunswick, Canada, was used to process and grid the multibeam bathymetric soundings and produce shaded-relief images. The metadata for the grids describes the processing steps applied to the navigation and bathymetric soundings. The following processing steps produced the grayscale image of backscatter intensity: 1. Anomalous soundings which were not edited in the field were removed using SwathEd (see metadata for bathymetric grids for description). 2. Create a blank 8 bit map file: Command line: make_blank mosaic_file This command commences a dialog to enable an 8 bit image and input the map boundaries and resolution. Then the "blank" file is copied to two files required by the mosaic program: Command line: cp mosaic_file.blank mosaic_file.mos Command line: cp mosaic_file.blank mosaic_file.ran 3. Create backscatter files that can be then mosaicked from the backscatter time series: Command line: getBeamPattern filename (prefix only) Command line: makess -pixel 3.0 -beam_patt beampatt filename (prefix only) output.ss Command line: glfill output.ss output.ss_fill (fills in data dropouts). 4. Mosaic all the backscatter files created in the last step (for each output.ss_fill). Command line: mos2 -autoseam -maxazi 10 -maxdist 10 mosaic_file output.ss_fill 5. Use a two point linear contrast stretch to enhance the shaded relief image: Command line: stretchacres -low 180 -high 220 -in mosaic_file -out mosaic_file.stretch 6. Create a tiff from the backscatter mosaic file using the netpbm utilities (http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/): Command line: rawtopgm -headerskip 1024 image_width image_height mosaic_file.stretch | pnmtotiff -none - > mosaic_pseudo.tif 7. Create an ESRI world file (tfw) for the mosaic tiff image for import to ArcView or ArcGIS. Copy bounding box and resolution from the jview program output to the .tfw file. Command line: jview mosaic_file.stretch Unknown William Danforth U.S. Geological Survey Operational Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA (508) 548-8700 x2274 (508) 457-2310 bdanforth@usgs.gov 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST Image shifted 1/2 grid cell to northwest (using the ArcMap/Data Management Tools/Projections and Transformations/Raster/Shift tool) to correct for an error identified in the SwathEd gridding algorithm in 2007. Correct world file. 200702 q3_backgs.tif q3_backgs.tfw William Danforth U.S. Geological Survey Operational Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA (508) 548-8700 x2274 (508) 457-2310 bdanforth@usgs.gov Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.36 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). Attempted to modify http to https where appropriate. The source information was incomplete and had to be modified to meet the standard. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. 20170206 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section. 20180720 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata. 20191115 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. 20200908 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Raster Pixel 3442 3471 1 Mercator 41.650000 -70.316667 0.000000 0.000000 row and column 6.000000 6.000000 meters North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137.000000 298.257222 Band_1 Information unavailable from original metadata. Information unavailable from original metadata. ObjectID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Bradford Butman U.S. Geological Survey Oceanographer mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole Massachusetts 02543-1598 USA (508) 548-8700 x2212 (508) 457-2309 bbutman@usgs.gov 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST Downloadable Data Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. TIFF Information unavailable from original metadata. GeoTIFF A zip archive containing the GeoTIFF image, associated world file, and metadata. zip archive 4 https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/99/massbay_gis/2_multibeam/imagery/q3_backgs.zip Data may be downloaded via the World Wide Web. DVD-ROM 4.75 Gbytes UDF None This image is available as a GeoTIFF image with an accompanying world file. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image. U.S. Geological Survey Information Services mailing address

Box 25286 Denver Federal Center

Denver Colorado 80225-0046 USA (303) 202-4700 (303) 202-4188 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Mountain Time Downloadable Data Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. TIFF Information unavailable from original metadata. GeoTIFF A zip archive containing the GeoTIFF image, associated world file, and metadata. zip archive DVD-ROM 4.75 Gbytes UDF None This image is available as a GeoTIFF image with an accompanying world file. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image. 20211111 Bradford Butman U.S. Geological Survey Oceanographer mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 (508) 548-8700 x2212 whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the metadata contact is no longer with the USGS FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time None None