Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: VeeAnn A. Cross Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Temperature, specific conductance, and salinity data collected with a YSI 30 handheld system in Greenwich Bay, Rhode Island, May 15, 2009 on U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2009-021-FA Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F7DR2TSX Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, M Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7DR2TSX Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: John F. Bratton Originator: VeeAnn A. Cross Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Continuous Resistivity Profiling Data and Associated Data from Greenwich Bay, Rhode Island collected in 2009, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2009-021-FA Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F7DR2TSX Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: Bratton, J.F., and Cross, V.A., 2018, Continuous resistivity profiling data and associated data from Greenwich Bay, Rhode Island collected in 2009, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2009-021-FA: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7DR2TSX. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7DR2TSX Online_Linkage: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2009-021-FA/ Description: Abstract: As part of a larger investigation to understand groundwater-surface water interactions in Greenwich Bay, Rhode Island, a geophysical survey was conducted from a small research boat on 14-15 May 2009. The specific research objective was to gain an improved understanding of the role of direct groundwater discharge in delivery of excess nitrogen to the bay, which may have contributed to the development of low-oxygen conditions in waters of the bay and associated fish kills. Data collected in this survey included digital navigation information, continuous resistivity profiling (CRP) data, and point salinity measurements. The CRP method is a survey and data processing approach that is sensitive to differences in electrical properties of surface water and underlying porewater in sediments that have contrasting salinities. During the survey, Greenwich Bay salinity was approximately 27 ppm, so surface water would be expected to have low electrical resistivity (high conductivity), and any areas of active groundwater discharge from less salty aquifer sources would yield relatively higher resistivity values. This survey is identified as field activity 09021 (also referenced as 2009-021-FA) by the U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and additional information is available from: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2009-021-FA. Purpose: This point shapefile provides geographic locations and sensor data from the YSI 30 that are used to determine water conductivity values. Also included is the Excel spreadsheet used to derive the shapefile. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20090515 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -71.446261 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -71.371875 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.681668 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.654557 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:a47b4b26-db29-4927-a513-10b03e4ed849 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: Field Activity Number 2009-021-FA Theme_Keyword: Info Bank ID B-21-09-RI Theme_Keyword: YSI 30 Theme_Keyword: temperature Theme_Keyword: conductivity Theme_Keyword: salinity Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme_Keyword: ocean salinity Theme_Keyword: marine chemistry Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: North America Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: Rhode Island Place_Keyword: Greenwich Bay Place_Keyword: Narragansett Bay Place_Keyword: Warwick, RI Access_Constraints: None. Use_Constraints: The public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2009-021-FA/data/chemistry/2009-021-FA_YSIdata.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Browse graphic of the YSI data locations. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows Vista Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.4095 Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: All of the original YSI 30 data collected on the cruise is included, as well as the calculations deriving water resistivity values and the reformatted data. Completeness_Report: This represents all the YSI 30 data collected for U.S. Geological Survey field activity 2009-021-FA. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The navigation system used was a Lowrance 480M with an LGC-2000 Global Positioning System (GPS) antenna. The GPS is assumed to be accurate to within 10 meters. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: John F. Bratton Publication_Date: 2015 Title: YSI data Type_of_Source_Media: disk Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20090515 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: YSI data Source_Contribution: The YSI 30 is a handheld system. The unit was placed in the water and measurements taken at 10 locations in Greenwich Bay. The measurements are surface water temperature, salinity, and specific conductance measurements. The specific conductance measurements were temperature-compensated. Process_Step: Process_Description: The temperature, salinity, and specific conductance values were measured with the YSI 30 handheld system. The measured values were recorded manually by the chief scientist in his log book, along with the UTM Zone 19, WGS 84 easting and northing values of the measurement location as read from the Lowrance GPS system. The time recorded with the measurement information is local time. Process_Date: 20090515 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: John F. Bratton Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Instructions: John F. Bratton is currently with LimnoTech in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Process_Step: Process_Description: The YSI 30 measured values were transferred to an Excel 2003 spreadsheet. Additional information regarding collection specifics (common name geographic location, collection date, instrument, data collector) were also added to the spreadsheet. Process_Date: 2009 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: John F. Bratton Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Instructions: John F. Bratton is currently with LimnoTech in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Process_Step: Process_Description: To be consistent with previous resistivity work, the temperature and salinity values recorded by the YSI 30 will be used to calculate the water resistivity value. Two additional columns were added to the Excel spreadsheet. One was the conductivity value in Siemens per meter (S/m) that will be calculated, and the other is the conversion of this value to resistivity in ohm-meters (ohm-m). The website used was: http://www2.sese.uwa.edu.au/~hollings/pilot/denscalc.html which is no longer a valid link. On this website, pressure was entered as 0 dbar. Temperature based on the value in the spreadsheet. Salinity based on the value in the spreadsheet. The conductivity value, in S/m, was recorded to the spreadsheet. These values were in close agreement with the specific conductance values measured by the YSI 30. The resistivity value is simply 1/conductivity, so that calculation was done in Excel and recorded in the resistivity column. This process step and all subsequent process steps were performed by the same person - VeeAnn A. Cross. Process_Date: 200905 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: A second sheet was added to the spreadsheet in order to reformat the information for import into ArcGIS. This primarily meant using column heading names that would be acceptable to import into ArcGIS. Additionally, average water resistivity value was calculated based on the measured values. Process_Date: 200905 Process_Step: Process_Description: The second sheet of the Excel spreadsheet was exported as a comma-delimited text file. The schema.ini file (which controls how data are interpreted by ArcGIS) was edited so that certain fields (time) would import as text. Date/time fields can be problematic in ArcGIS. I also used the schema.ini to shorten the column heading names. The schema.ini file is as follows: > >[GreenwichBaySalinitiesMay2009_vmod.csv] >Format=CSVDelimited >ColNameHeader=True >Col1=location Text Width 50 >Col2=time Text Width 10 >Col3=utmzone Text Width 10 >Col4=easting Long >Col5=northing Long >Col6=temp_c Float >Col7=sal_ppt Float >Col8=cond_mSpcm Float >Col9=cond_Spm Float >Col10=res_ohm_m Float > Using ArcMap 9.2 - Tools - Add XY data with X field as easting, Y field as northing, and defined the coordinate system as UTM, zone 19, WGS 84 - added the csv file as an event theme in ArcMap. This event theme was then exported to a shapefile using the data export option from the right-mouse click of the event theme in the table of contents. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Greenwich Bay Salinities May 2009_vmod.xls Process_Date: 2009 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: GreenwichBaySalinitiesMay2009_vmod.csv Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: gbaysal_may09.shp Process_Step: Process_Description: The point shapefile of the YSI 30 measurement locations was projected from a UTM, Zone 19, WGS 84 projection to a geographic coordinate system - WGS 84. This was done in ArcCatalog 9.3.1 - ArcToolbox - Data Management Tools - Projections and Transformations - Feature - Project. Because the datum is the same in both projections, no datum transformation was necessary. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: gbaysal_may09.shp Process_Date: 201307 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: gbaysal_may09_geog.shp Process_Step: Process_Description: Filename was changed to include the field activity number for publication purposes. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: gbaysal_may09_geog.shp Process_Date: 2015 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: 2009-021-FA_YSIdata Process_Step: Process_Description: Exported sheet 2 of the Excel spreadsheet to a CSV file using Microsoft Office Excel 2010. This was done in order to provide the data in an open data format. Process_Date: 20180412 Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20200908 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 10 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2009-021-FA_YSIdata.shp Entity_Type_Definition: Esri point shapefile Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: location Attribute_Definition: Geographic location name given to the location of the YSI 30 measurement. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey chief scientist Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set. Attribute: Attribute_Label: time Attribute_Definition: Local time in the format HH:MM indicating when the YSI 30 measurement was made. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey chief scientist Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set. Although the field is not numeric, the numbers do represent the time of day. Attribute: Attribute_Label: utmzone Attribute_Definition: The UTM zone where the data were collected. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey chief scientist. Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character set, with the 19 portion of the string indicating UTM Zone 19 North. The T refers to the latitude grid zone between 40N and 48N. Attribute: Attribute_Label: easting Attribute_Definition: Easting coordinate of the point in UTM, Zone 19, WGS 84 projection. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey chief scientist Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 296385 Range_Domain_Maximum: 302520 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: northing Attribute_Definition: Northing coordinate of the point in UTM, Zone 19, WGS 84 projection. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey chief scientist Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 4614194 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4617231 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: temp_c Attribute_Definition: Surface water temperature value in degrees Celsius recorded by the YSi sensor. Attribute_Definition_Source: Data processor. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 14.6 Range_Domain_Maximum: 16.7 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees Celsius Attribute: Attribute_Label: sal_ppt Attribute_Definition: Surface water salinity measured by the YSI sensor in parts per thousand. Attribute_Definition_Source: Data processor. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 25.5 Range_Domain_Maximum: 27.8 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: ppt Attribute: Attribute_Label: cond_mSpcm Attribute_Definition: Surface water specific conductance as measured by the YSI 30. This value is temperature compensated and in the units milli-Siemens per centimeter. Attribute_Definition_Source: Data processor. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 32.53 Range_Domain_Maximum: 34.64 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: milli-Siemens per centimeter Attribute: Attribute_Label: cond_Spm Attribute_Definition: Surface water conductivity value software calculated based on the YSI temperature and salinity measurements, assuming a pressure of 0 dbars. Attribute_Definition_Source: Website software generated. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 3.254414 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.462127 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Siemens per meter Attribute: Attribute_Label: res_ohm_m Attribute_Definition: Surface water resistivity value calculated as the inverse of the water conductivity value. Attribute_Definition_Source: Data processor. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.28884 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.307275 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: ohm-meters Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Included in the zip file of the dataset is the Excel 2003 spreadsheet that is discussed in the process steps. The shapefile was generated directly from sheet 2 of the spreadsheet and the attribute definitions are the same. Sheet 1 of the spreadsheet is described in the process steps and has additional useful information supplied by the chief scientist. Sheet 2 was also saved as a CSV file. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Resource_Description: The 2009-021-FA_YSIdata.zip file contains the 2009-021-FA_YSIdata shapefile and its components, a CSV of the data (2009-021-FA_YSIdata.csv), an Excel spreadsheet of the data (2009-021-FA_GreenwichBaySalinities.xls), a browse graphic (2009-021-FA_YSIdata.jpg), and the FGDC CSDGM metadata in the following formats: XML, HTML, and text. Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 9.3.1 Format_Information_Content: The zip file contains the point shapefile, CSV file, and Excel spreadsheet of the YSI data collected on May 15, 2009 from U.S. Geological Survey field activity 2009-021-FA as well as the associated metadata files. Transfer_Size: 1 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2009-021-FA/data/chemistry/2009-021-FA_YSIdata.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7DR2TSX Access_Instructions: The first link downloads the data directly, the second link is to the landing page of the data. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: CSV Format_Version_Number: Excel 2010 Format_Information_Content: The zip file contains the point shapefile, CSV file, and Excel spreadsheet of the YSI data collected on May 15, 2009 from U.S. Geological Survey field activity 2009-021-FA as well as the associated metadata files. Transfer_Size: 1 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2009-021-FA/data/chemistry/2009-021-FA_YSIdata.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7DR2TSX Access_Instructions: The first link downloads the data directly, the second link is to the landing page of the data. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: XLS Format_Version_Number: Excel 2003 Format_Information_Content: The zip file contains all the point shapefile and Excel spreadsheet of the YSI data collected on May 15, 2009 from U.S. Geological Survey field activity 2009-021-FA as well as the associated metadata files. Transfer_Size: 0.007 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2009-021-FA/data/chemistry/2009-021-FA_YSIdata.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7DR2TSX Access_Instructions: The first link downloads the data directly, the second link is to the landing page of the data. Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: The user must have software capable of extracting the data from a zip file and of reading a shapefile and an Excel spreadsheet. This shapefile filename starts with a number and has dashes in it. This filename may not work with some geoprocessing or ArcPy scripts and may need to be renamed. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20200908 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time