Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: John F. Bratton Originator: VeeAnn A. Cross Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Raw continuous resistivity profiling data collected in Greenwich Bay, Rhode Island, on May 14, 2009, on U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2009-021-FA Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital files Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F7DR2TSX Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7DR2TSX Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: John F. Bratton Originator: VeeAnn A. Cross Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Continuous Resistivity Profiling Data and Associated Data from Greenwich Bay, Rhode Island collected in 2009, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2009-021-FA Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital files Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F7DR2TSX Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: Bratton, J.F., and Cross, V.A., 2018, Continuous resistivity profiling data and associated data from Greenwich Bay, Rhode Island collected in 2009, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2009-021-FA: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7DR2TSX. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7DR2TSX Online_Linkage: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2009-021-FA/ Description: Abstract: As part of a larger investigation to understand groundwater-surface water interactions in Greenwich Bay, Rhode Island, a geophysical survey was conducted from a small research boat on 14-15 May 2009. The specific research objective was to gain an improved understanding of the role of direct groundwater discharge in delivery of excess nitrogen to the bay, which may have contributed to the development of low-oxygen conditions in waters of the bay and associated fish kills. Data collected in this survey included digital navigation information, continuous resistivity profiling (CRP) data, and point salinity measurements. The CRP method is a survey and data processing approach that is sensitive to differences in electrical properties of surface water and underlying porewater in sediments that have contrasting salinities. During the survey, Greenwich Bay salinity was approximately 27 ppm, so surface water would be expected to have low electrical resistivity (high conductivity), and any areas of active groundwater discharge from less salty aquifer sources would yield relatively higher resistivity values. This survey is identified as field activity 09021 (also referenced as 2009-021-FA) by the U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and additional information is available from: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2009-021-FA. Purpose: The purpose of this dataset is to provide the raw continuous resistivity profile data collected by the USGS on May 14, 2009 in Greenwich Bay, Rhode Island using the AGI SuperSting system. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20090514 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -71.452350 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -71.391017 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.696383 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.651083 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:6fafb7f6-dfb5-47be-b305-103fe501bef2 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: Field Activity Number 2009-021-FA Theme_Keyword: Info Bank ID B-21-09-RI Theme_Keyword: navigation Theme_Keyword: bathymetry Theme_Keyword: water temperature Theme_Keyword: continuous resistivity profiling Theme_Keyword: CRP Theme_Keyword: Lowrance GPS Theme_Keyword: AGI SuperSting Theme_Keyword: raw data Theme_Keyword: groundwater Theme_Keyword: submarine groundwater Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme_Keyword: location Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: continuous resistivity profiling Theme_Keyword: marine geophysics Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: North America Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: Rhode Island Place_Keyword: Greenwich Bay Place_Keyword: Narragansett Bay Place_Keyword: Warwick, RI Access_Constraints: None. Use_Constraints: The public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows Vista Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.4095 Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: Each file was looked at individually, but the files as a collection were handled in the same manner. All files on May 14, 2009 were collected with a 50-m resistivity streamer. The command file (*.cmd) used for data acquisition has a 1 meter electrode spacing. To adjust to the actual 5 meter spacing between electrodes of the 50-m streamer, a scaling factor of 5 was applied during data acquisition. Completeness_Report: All data collected on this day are included. There are no lines 1-4, there were battery problems during data collection. Line 18 had to be split into three separate parts to be processed due to gaps in the navigation. Both the original file, as well as the split files are included in this dataset. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The navigation system used was a Lowrance 480M with an LGC-2000 Global Positioning System (GPS) antenna. The antenna was located 1.5 meters forward of the resistivity streamer tow point and directly above the fathometer transducer. The GPS is assumed to be accurate to within 10 meters. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: All bathymetry values were acquired by the 200 kHz Lowrance fathometer. The fathometer was mounted on the starboard side of the University of Rhode Island pontoon boat, directly below the GPS antenna. The Lowrance manufacturer indicates the speed of sound used by the system to calculate depth is 4800 feet/second. The depth values are not corrected for the approximately 0.2 m transducer draft. All depth values are assumed to be accurate to within 1 meter. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: John F. Bratton Publication_Date: 2015 Title: Raw CRP data Type_of_Source_Media: disk Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20090514 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Raw CRP data Source_Contribution: The continuous resistivity profile (CRP) system used on this cruise was an AGI SuperSting marine system described at the website: www.agiusa.com/marinesystem.shtml. Two streamer systems were used during this field activity - a 50-m streamer and a 100-m streamer. The 50-m streamer has an 11 electrode array with electrodes spaced 5 meters apart. The 100-m streamer has an 11 electrode array with electrodes spaced 10 meters apart. In both cases the source electrodes are graphite, while the receiver electrodes are stainless steel. A dipole-dipole configuration was used for the data collection in which two fixed current electrodes are assigned with the measurement of voltage potential between electrode pairs in the remaining electrodes. The maximum depth below the water surface the streamer can reach is approximately 1/4 the streamer length. So for the 50-m streamer, maximum depth is about 12.5 meters while the 100-m streamer maximum depth is about 25 meters. Each line of data acquisition records several files. The two files necessary for processing are the *.stg and the *.gps file. The STG file contains the resistivity data, while the GPS file contains the navigation information. The navigation system used in concert with the CRP system is a Lowrance LMS-480M with an LGC-2000 GPS antenna and a 200 kHz fathometer transducer. The antenna and fathometer transducer were mounted on the starboard side of the boat. The streamer tow point was on the port side aft. The layback offset between the navigation antenna and the first electrode was 16.5 meters. This layback offset was not accounted for during data acquisition, so was entered during processing of the data. The approximately 2.5 m lateral offset between the streamer tow point and the navigation antenna is not accounted for. The Lowrance transducer also contains a temperature sensor that records temperature in degrees Celsius. For depth measurements, Lowrance indicates the speed of sound used by the system is 4800 feet/second, but depths are recorded in meters. Both the temperature and depth information are recorded in the logged GPS file. The CRP system images the subsurface electrical properties of an estuarine, riverine or lacustrine environment. Resistivity differences can be attributed to subsurface geology (conductive vs less conductive layers) and hydrogeologic conditions with fresh water exhibiting high resistivity and saline conditions showing low resistivity. Process_Step: Process_Description: The acquisition controlling command file (*.cmd) was set up indicating an electrode spacing of 1 meter. At the time of data acquisition, a scaling factor of 5 was used to reflect the actual 5 meter electrode spacing of the streamer. The data were transferred from the logging computer using AGISSAdmin software version 1.3.4.198. These files were then emailed from the field to the USGS office in Woods Hole in a single zip file. The data files included in this release are the *.crs, *.cmd, *.gps, and *.stg. The two files essential for processing are the GPS and STG files. The GPS file contains the navigation, and in the case of the Lowrance system also includes water depth and water temperature. The STG file contains the resistivity measurements from each of the electrodes. The CRS file contains the contact resistance readings. The CMD file contains the parameters for data collection. These last two files aren't necessary for data processing, but can be useful in terms of troubleshooting. The field collection and data transfer were done by Chuck Worley of the USGS. Process_Date: 20090514 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Charles Worley Contact_Position: Physical Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2250 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2313 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: cworley@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: First, the navigation in the GPS files was checked. One file - L18F1 - had several navigation gaps. This file was split into 3 parts effectively eliminating the navigation gaps. The gaps would cause problems in processing of the data. Additionally, the navigation in the GPS files was inspected visually. This was done by quickly parsing the GPS text files into comma-delimited text files with a header line, and then viewing the files in ArcMap 9.2. The AWK scripts used to parse the navigation was awkhold. > awkhold: > >BEGIN { >FS = "," >} >{ >FS = "," >ARGC = 2 >depth = -9999 >temp = -9999 >if (NR==1) > { > #printf("utctime, longitude, latitude, depth_m, temp_c, line\n") > } >if ($1=="$GPRMC") > { > utctime = $2 > latdeg = substr($4,1,2) > latmin = substr($4,3,6) > declat = latdeg + (latmin/60) > londeg = substr($6,1,3) > lonmin = substr($6,4,6) > declon = -1 * (londeg + (lonmin/60)) > if (NR==1) { > holddepth = -9999 > holdtemp = -9999 > } > else { > printf("%s, %9.6f, %9.6f, %5.1f, %5.1f, %s\n", holdutctime, >holddeclon, holddeclat, holddepth, holdtemp, ARGV[2]) > } > holdutctime = utctime > holddeclon = declon > holddeclat = declat > holddepth = -9999 > holdtemp = -9999 > } >if ($1=="$SDDPT") > { > depthreal = $2 > holddepth = depthreal > } >if ($1=="$SDMTW") > { > tempreal = $2 > holdtemp = tempreal > } >} >END { >printf("%s, %9.6f, %9.6f, %5.1f, %5.1f, %s\n", holdutctime, holddeclon, holddeclat, >holddepth, holdtemp, ARGV[2]) >} > This file was executed by a shell script to effectively batch process all the files in a single folder with the extension gps. The batch processor was dohold. > dohold: > >files=`ls *.gps | cut -d. -f1` >for file in $files >do > awk -f awkhold $file.gps $file >> may14_09_gps.txt >done > Under Cygwin, all of the hold files were concatenated into a single comma-delimited text file and a header line added to the file. The header line added to the text file was: gpstime, longitude, latitude, depth_m, temp_c, line. Using ArcMap 9.2 - Tools - Add XY Data, the comma-delimited text file was added as an event theme to ArcMap. No erroneous points were detected. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Raw CRP data Process_Date: 2009 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20200908 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Depth_System_Definition: Depth_Datum_Name: Local surface Depth_Resolution: 0.1 Depth_Distance_Units: meters Depth_Encoding_Method: Implicit coordinate Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Resource_Description: The2009-021-FA_may14_rawres.zip file contains the raw continuous resistivity data from May 14, 2009 (folder 2009-021-FA_may14_rawres). This includes the *.cmd, *.crs, *.gps, and *.stg files. Additionally, the zip file contains FGDC CSDGM metadata in the following formats: XML, HTML, and text. Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ASCII Format_Version_Number: AGI Marine Log Manager 1.3.4 Format_Information_Content: The zip file contains all the raw CRP data from May 14, 2009 as well as the associated metadata files. Transfer_Size: 0.8 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2009-021-FA/data/geophysics/raw_resis/2009-021-FA_may14_rawres.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7DR2TSX Access_Instructions: The first link downloads the data directly, the second link is to the landing page of the data. Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: The user must have software capable of extracting the data from the zip file, as well as reading and processing the resistivity data. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20200908 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time