1-meter backscatter imagery collected in 2012 by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Connecticut River during field activity 2012-024-FA (GeoTIFF image)

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Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:
1-meter backscatter imagery collected in 2012 by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Connecticut River during field activity 2012-024-FA (GeoTIFF image)
Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Series_Information:
Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F7PG1Q7V
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place:
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V
Online_Linkage:
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2012-024-FA/data/backscatter/2012-024-FA_Backscatter1m.zip
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Seth D. Ackerman
Originator: David S. Foster
Originator: Eric M. Moore
Originator: Barry J. Irwin
Originator: Dann S. Blackwood
Originator: Christopher R. Sherwood
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:
High-Resolution Geophysical and Sampling Data Collected at the Mouth of the Connecticut River, Old Saybrook to Essex, Connecticut, 2012
Edition: 1.0
Series_Information:
Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F7PG1Q7V
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details:
Suggested citation: Ackerman S.D., Foster D.S., Moore E.M., Irwin B.J., Blackwood D.S., and Sherwood, C.R., 2017, High-resolution geophysical and sampling data collected at the mouth of the Connecticut River, Old Saybrook to Essex, Connecticut, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V
Description:
Abstract:
A geophysical and geological survey was conducted at the mouth of the Connecticut River from Old Saybrook to Essex, Connecticut, in September 2012. Approximately 230 linear kilometers of digital Chirp subbottom (seismic-reflection) and 234-kilohertz interferometric sonar (bathymetric and backscatter) data were collected along with sediment samples, riverbed photographs, and (or) video at 88 sites within the geophysical survey area. Sediment grab samples were collected at 72 of the 88 sampling sites, video was acquired at 68 sites, and photographs of the river bottom were taken at 38 sites. These survey data are used to characterize the riverbed by identifying sediment-texture and riverbed morphology. More information can be found on the web page for the Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center field activity: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2012-024-FA. Data collected during the 2012 survey can be obtained here: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V.
Purpose:
This backscatter imagery layer represents approximately 7 square kilometers of interferometric sonar (Systems Engineering and Assessment Ltd. SWATHPlus-M) backscatter data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Connecticut River in 2012 during USGS field activity 2012-024-FA. These data can be used in conjunction with other geophysical and sample data to identify riverbed morphology and sediment texture.
Supplemental_Information:
More information can be found on the WHCMSC Field Activity webpage: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2012-024-FA. Data collected during the 2012 survey can be obtained here: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20120916
Ending_Date: 20120921
Currentness_Reference:
ground condition of survey dates: 20120916-20120921; no backscatter data were collected on 20120918; see Completeness_Report for more information
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.420252
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.328226
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.392592
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.260370
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:6a9b9629-312a-4709-8ed1-087a9c7a67b8
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Theme_Keyword: CMGP
Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC
Theme_Keyword: seafloor
Theme_Keyword: sea floor
Theme_Keyword: Marine Geology
Theme_Keyword: field activity 2012-024-FA
Theme_Keyword: field activity number 12024
Theme_Keyword: raster
Theme_Keyword: GeoTIFF
Theme_Keyword: backscatter
Theme_Keyword: swath backscatter
Theme_Keyword: interferometry
Theme_Keyword: SEA SWATHPlus
Theme_Keyword: SEA Submetrix
Theme_Keyword: R/V Rafael
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: marine geophysics
Theme_Keyword: marine geology
Theme_Keyword: sea-floor acoustic reflectivity
Theme_Keyword: sea-floor characteristics
Theme_Keyword: interferometric sonar
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords
Theme_Keyword: marine geophysics
Theme_Keyword: marine geology
Theme_Keyword: geomorphology
Theme_Keyword: sedimentary environments
Theme_Keyword: estuary
Theme_Keyword: river
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: North America
Place_Keyword: United States
Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean
Place_Keyword: Connecticut
Place_Keyword: Connecticut River
Place_Keyword: Long Island Sound
Place_Keyword: Old Saybrook
Place_Keyword: Essex
Stratum:
Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Stratum_Keyword: Seafloor
Stratum_Keyword: Sea floor
Stratum_Keyword: Riverbed
Stratum_Keyword: River bed
Stratum_Keyword: Surface
Temporal:
Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Temporal_Keyword: 2012
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data are NOT to be used for navigation. Mariners should refer to the appropriate nautical chart. Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name:
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2012-024-FA/data/backscatter/2012-024-FA_Backscatter1m_browse.jpg
Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
Gray-scale image of interferometric backscatter of the Connecticut River
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
Image pixel values contain gray-scale acoustic reflectivity values normalized to an 8-bit data range (0-255). Low-backscatter is represented by dark tones (low values) and high-backscatter is represented by bright tones (high values). The nodata value is 0. The accuracy of the grey scale values was not checked, but normalizing the values adjusts the image for better viewing.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
This GeoTIFF represents interferometric backscatter imagery collected along main survey lines at 1-meter per pixel resolution. Sonar data were nominally collected at 30-meter trackline spacing to ensure nearly 100 percent coverage of the survey area. Gaps may occur along-track and between adjacent lines, especially where the ship had to maneuver to avoid obstacles during surveying. An internal review of the dataset pointed out that nadir was not fully removed from L115f1 during processing.
Completeness_Report:
Nearly all quality main survey line backscatter data (generally parallel to the river banks) that were collected within the survey area of the Connecticut River were incorporated in this backscatter image. Backscatter from the patch test and line 1 (collected in Long Island Sound) and line 160 (collected in the marina at Old Saybrook) was not processed because they were not part of the study area and are therefore excluded from this image.
Noisy or poor quality data were not included in the products. Data from some survey lines may have been omitted where they overlapped with equal or better quality data from adjacent lines. Data along tie and transit lines were generally not included in the final products either. The following lines were not used in the backscatter imagery:
Backscatter from the patch test and line 1 (collected in Long Island Sound) and line 160 (collected in the marina at Old Saybrook) was not processed because they were not part of the study area and are therefore excluded from this image. Lines 118, 119, 133, 159 were gap fill lines that were collected fills reasonable sized holes in the bathymetry dataset. The backscatter coverage is typically greater than that of the bathymetry data using this system and processing method; in this dataset lines 118 and 119 had no backscatter gap; and the gaps near lines 133 and 159 were minimal; so none of these bathymetry gap fill lines were incorporated into the backscatter mosaic. The backscatter data in lines 115, 120, 121, 122, and 134 had relatively poor data quality and were not mosaicked so they would not interfere with decent quality data in adjacent lines.
Small cross-track gaps occur as a result of the ship pitching and rolling; between-track gaps occur where overlapping swaths were not achieved. These gaps were not filled or interpolated in the backscatter imagery.
Time gaps occurred during this field activity where no surveying was done due to bad weather, rough seas and stops in surveying for equipment issues. No sonar data were collected on Tuesday 20120918.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
USGS Field Activity 2012-024-FA: Navigation for SWATHplus-M system was acquired with a Coda Octopus F180 Real-time Kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK-GPS); which is accurate to less than 1 meter (typically on the order of centimeters) horizontally. The SWATHplus-M transducers were mounted on a rigid pole on the bow of the R/V Rafael. The RTK-GPS antenna was located on the same pole approximately 2.48 m above the sea surface. Horizontal sounding positions with offsets adjustments were recorded to raw sonar data files (SXR) via SWATHplus acquisition software (version 3.07.17.00).
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: Unpublished Material
Title: raw SWATHplus-M data
Type_of_Source_Media: disc
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20120916
Ending_Date: 20120921
Source_Currentness_Reference:
ground condition during the survey dates: 20120916-20120921; see Completeness_Report for more information
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: raw data
Source_Contribution:
USGS Field Activity 2012-024-FA: A 234 kHz Systems Engineering and Assessment Ltd. (SEA) SWATHplus-M interferometric sonar was mounted on a rigid pole on the bow of the R/V Rafael. Data were acquired during September 2012.
Configuration:
Survey: Survey lines were run at an average speed of 5 knots and were generally spaced 30 m apart to obtain overlapping swaths of data and full riverbed coverage.
Sonar: The SEA SWATHplus-M operates at a frequency of 234 kHz and a variable range (increased or decreased manually depending on water depth). The system was operated with a transmit power: 60 percent, a transmit pulse length: 34 cycles, 4096 samples per channel, ping range of 46 meters. Additional sonar configuration information that are not necessarily applicable to the backscatter imagery can be found in the metadata for the bathymetry surface included with this data release (https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V).
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
1. Each raw SWATHplus bathymetric sonar file (SXR) was converted to a SWATHplus processed file (SXP) using SEA SWATHplus Swath Processor (ver. 3.07.17.00). Conversion to SXP format retained all recorded data (Output Processed File/Processed Data Output Settings/Data Selection/Store All Data). This process step and all subsequent process steps were performed by the same person - Seth Ackerman.
Process_Date: 201209
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
2. SXPTools (version 20111004) software was used to process the backscatter data. An empirical gain normalization was applied to each SXP file to optimize the dynamic range of recorded backscatter intensity (SXPTools/SXPEGN). SXPMAGIC was used to interpolate backscatter intensity values across gaps at nadir that resulted from the filtering methods used to process the bathymetric soundings (SXPTools/SXPMAGIC).
Process_Date: 201210
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
3. Groupings of the SXPTools processed "filled" SXP files were mapped into several 1-meter resolution images using the SWATHplus GridProc software.
Process_Date: 201210
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
4. The individual backscatter images for lines 2-19, 20-40, 41-55, 56-84, 85-95, 96-113, 114-117, 123-132, 134-151, 152-157, and 158 were mosaicked together using PCI Geomatica - OrthoEngine (version 2013.0.2). No blend-effect was used therefore some sharp tonal differences may exist where subareas were mosaicked together. The final backscatter image was exported as 8-bit GeoTIFF images (UTM Zone 18N, WGS 84) at 1-m resolution. High backscatter intensity values are shown by light tones and low backscatter intensity values are shown by dark tones in the imagery.
Process_Date: 20130926
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: 2012-024-FA_Backscatter1m.tif
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
5. A world file with the same prefix file name and .tfw extension was created in ArcMap version 10.3.1 using EXPORT RASTER WORLD FILE tool.
Process_Date: 20170730
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: 2012-024-FA_Backscatter1m.tfw
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.
Process_Date: 20200908
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
Row_Count: 14474
Column_Count: 7271
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Grid_Coordinate_System:
Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
UTM_Zone_Number: 18N
Transverse_Mercator:
Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -75
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0
False_Easting: 500000
False_Northing: 0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 1.0
Ordinate_Resolution: 1.0
Planar_Distance_Units: meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
There are no attributes associated with a GeoTIFF image. Pixel values for the GeoTIFF have a possible 8-bit pixel range of 0 to 255. However, the acoustic reflectivity data range from 1 to 254 in the final imagery, with a NODATA value of 0 (zero) for the areas outside of the survey area. Low-backscatter intensity is represented by dark tones (low values) and high-backscatter intensity is represented by bright tones (high values).
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov
Resource_Description:
USGS data release 2012-024-FA backscatter imagery from the Connecticut River (2013-003-FA_Backscatter1m.zip). The zip file contains a folder with the an 8-bit GeoTIFF image (2013-003-FA_Backscatter1m.tif) with a world file (2013-003-FA_Backscatter1m.tfw). Metadata files in standard formats are also included in the zip file.
Distribution_Liability:
Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: GeoTIFF
Format_Version_Number: PCI Geomatica GeoTIFF image
Format_Specification: 8-bit GeoTIFF image
Format_Information_Content:
The zip file contains an 8-bit GeoTIFF image at 1-meter resolution and the associated metadata and world file.
File_Decompression_Technique:
Use 7zip, WinZip, Peazip, pkUnzip, Keka or other uncompressing software
Transfer_Size: 7
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name:
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2012-024-FA/data/backscatter/2012-024-FA_Backscatter1m.zip
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V
Network_Resource_Name:
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2012-024-FA/
Access_Instructions:
The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of the backscatter imagery and metadata. The second and third links will both take you to the field activity data page containing all of the available data from this survey including this dataset.
Fees: None
Technical_Prerequisites:
This zip file contains GeoTIFF image file, world file and associated metadata files. To utilize these data an image processing or GIS software package capable of viewing an 8-bit GeoTIFF image is needed.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20240318
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
Contact_Instructions:
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240318)
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/whcmsc/field_activities/2012_024_fa/2012-024-FA_Backscatter1m.html>
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